Adverbial - Revision history

Laqme: terminology

2024-04-24T08:56:07Z

terminology

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	An '''adverbial adjunct''', or simply '''adverbial''', is a phrase that adds more information to a clause. They are created by placing the hiatus tone {{Done\|4}} on a verb. For example, {{Deranize\|tî sóaq}} "in the garden" and {{Deranize\|fôı}} "boredly" are adverbials.		An '''adverbial adjunct''', or simply '''adverbial''', is a phrase that adds more information to a clause. They are created by placing the hiatus tone {{Done\|4}} on a verb. For example, {{Deranize\|tî sóaq}} "in the garden" and {{Deranize\|fôı}} "boredly" are adverbials.

			Sometimes these are just called '''adverbs'''. Technically, "adverbial (adjunct)" refers to an entire constituent like "in the garden" or "very quickly", and "adverb" to a single word like "quickly".

	== Types of adverbial ==		== Types of adverbial ==

Laqme: delta

2024-04-16T10:54:45Z

delta

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-{{GammaNote}}
+An '''adverbial adjunct''', or simply '''adverbial''', is a phrase that adds more information to a clause. They are created by placing the hiatus tone {{Done|4}} on a verb. For example, {{Deranize|tî sóaq}} "in the garden" and {{Deranize|fôı}} "boredly" are adverbials.
-An '''adverbial''' is either a '''prepositional phrase''' or an '''adverb phrase'''.
+== Types of adverbial ==
-* A prepositional phrase is a verb phrase in {{tone|6}}, followed by an argument:
+Semantically, adverbials are split into two categories based on whether the verb being conjugated can have an event as its subject.
-** For example: {{t|tì sóaq}} “in the garden” / {{t|shìu tîshaı súq cy}} “before you leave”.
+* {{t|Tî}} '''can''' have an event subject, so it creates an '''eventive''' adverbial: {{t|Sea jí tî sóaq}} means "I rest, <u>and this event is</u> in the garden."
-* An adverb phrase is a verb phrase in {{tone|7}}.
+* {{t|Fôı}} '''can't''' have an event subject, so it creates a '''subject-sharing''' adverbial: {{t|Sea jí fôı}} means "I rest, <u>and concurrently I am</u> bored."
-== Adverbial types ==
+== Positions ==
-In both cases, the ([[serial]]) head of the verb phrase is called the '''head verb''' of the adverbial. For example, the head verb of {{t|bù tỉ sóaq}} is {{t|bu}}; the head verb of {{t|hũıneq}} is {{t|huıneq}}.
+Adverbials may occur in three positions:
-The [[verb class]] of this head verb determines the '''type''' of an adverbial:
+== See also ==
+* [[Adverbs are low]]
-* If the verb is a “regular” verb, the adverbial is a '''type I''' or '''low adverbial'''.
+* [[Sentence structures]]

El: add gamma note

2022-12-31T15:41:30Z

add gamma note

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:41, 31 December 2022
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			{{GammaNote}}

	An '''adverbial''' is either a '''prepositional phrase''' or an '''adverb phrase'''.		An '''adverbial''' is either a '''prepositional phrase''' or an '''adverb phrase'''.

Laqme at 04:23, 14 November 2021

2021-11-14T04:23:45Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 04:23, 14 November 2021
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	** For example: {{t\|hũıneq}} “unfortunately” / {{t\|bũ}} “not”.		** For example: {{t\|hũıneq}} “unfortunately” / {{t\|bũ}} “not”.

	== ~~Type I and type II adverbials~~ ==		== Adverbial types ==
	In both cases, the ([[serial]]) head of the verb phrase is called the '''head verb''' of the adverbial. For example, the head verb of {{t\|bù tỉ sóaq}} is {{t\|bu}}; the head verb of {{t\|hũıneq}} is {{t\|huıneq}}.		In both cases, the ([[serial]]) head of the verb phrase is called the '''head verb''' of the adverbial. For example, the head verb of {{t\|bù tỉ sóaq}} is {{t\|bu}}; the head verb of {{t\|hũıneq}} is {{t\|huıneq}}.

	The [[verb class]] of this head verb determines the '''type''' of an adverbial:		The [[verb class]] of this head verb determines the '''type''' of an adverbial:

	* If the verb is a “regular” verb, the adverbial is a '''type I adverbial'''.		* If the verb is a “regular” verb, the adverbial is a '''type I''' or '''low adverbial'''.
	* But if the verb class is Tense, Aspect, Modality, or Negation, the adverbial is a '''type II adverbial'''.		* But if the verb class is Tense, Aspect, Modality, or Negation, the adverbial is a '''type II''' or '''high adverbial'''.

	=== Type I adverbials ===		=== Type I adverbials ===

Laqme: Created page with "An '''adverbial''' is either a '''prepositional phrase''' or an '''adverb phrase'''. * A prepositional phrase is a verb phrase in {{tone|6}}, followed by an argument: ** For..."

2021-11-14T02:01:25Z

Created page with "An '''adverbial''' is either a '''prepositional phrase''' or an '''adverb phrase'''. * A prepositional phrase is a verb phrase in {{tone|6}}, followed by an argument: ** For..."

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An '''adverbial''' is either a '''prepositional phrase''' or an '''adverb phrase'''.

* A prepositional phrase is a verb phrase in {{tone|6}}, followed by an argument:
** For example: {{t|tì sóaq}} “in the garden” / {{t|shìu tîshaı súq cy}} “before you leave”.
* An adverb phrase is a verb phrase in {{tone|7}}.
** For example: {{t|hũıneq}} “unfortunately” / {{t|bũ}} “not”.

== Type I and type II adverbials ==
In both cases, the ([[serial]]) head of the verb phrase is called the '''head verb''' of the adverbial. For example, the head verb of {{t|bù tỉ sóaq}} is {{t|bu}}; the head verb of {{t|hũıneq}} is {{t|huıneq}}.

The [[verb class]] of this head verb determines the '''type''' of an adverbial:

* If the verb is a “regular” verb, the adverbial is a '''type I adverbial'''.
* But if the verb class is Tense, Aspect, Modality, or Negation, the adverbial is a '''type II adverbial'''.

=== Type I adverbials ===
Type I adverbials a.k.a. '''low adverbials''' can occur in the [[prenex]], or before or after the arguments in a sentence. They simply “dress up” the sentence with more details:

<blockquote>{{t|Shũı bı, nỏaq tì sóaq jí sa kủe lũq gùq hóe da.}} Secretly, in the garden I read a book calmly under the sun.</blockquote>

This sentence says that I read a book, and this happens secretly, and this happens calmly, and this happens in the garden, and this happens under the sun.

It isn't permitted to place adverbials ''between'' the arguments, i.e. between {{t|jí}} and {{t|sa kủe}}.

=== Type II adverbials ===
Type II adverbials a.k.a. '''high adverbials''' can only occur (in the prenex or) at the end of a clause.

They ''scope over'' the verbal complex and the post-field (i.e. over the “verb and arguments and Type I adverbials” that is rest of the sentence).

Because they express ''tense, aspect, modality or negation'', type II adverbials have a meaning where they “wrap around” the sentence and can cause it to be un-asserted, rather than just adding more details.

(That is to say: unlike with Type I adverbials, “'''maybe''' they're sick” does not mean “they're sick, and this is happening maybe.” We are not just dressing up the sentence with details: we are placing it in a new modality context.)

The semantics of type II adverbials are governed by this wrapping behavior, as demonstrated in these examples:

<blockquote>{{t|Rủao jí súq bũ da.}} I forgive you not.</blockquote>

This sentence says that it's not the case that I forgive you, i.e. {{t|bủ rûao jí súq}}.

<blockquote>{{t|Lẽ bı bỉa nháo da.}} Likely, they are sick.</blockquote>

This sentence says that it's possible that they are sick, i.e. {{t|lẻ bîa nháo}}.

== Open questions ==
* What are all the verb classes? Are there other Type II verb classes than TAMN?
* Is the verb class of a serial verb really always determined by the verb class of its head? I think it is.
* I write that adverbials can occur in the prenex, but is this really true? The [[refgram]] does not mention it but it is common usage.
* What does {{t|Dãı dĩ bı bỉa jí lẽ bũ}} mean? I think it just means {{t|Dảı dî lê bû bîa jí}} but I'm not sure.