Clause Reform - Revision history

Isı: Link to "Sa ea burıaq"

2025-03-04T02:32:26Z

Link to "Sa ea burıaq"

← Older revision		Revision as of 02:32, 4 March 2025
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	Center-embedded clauses cannot have trailing adjuncts, and so we give up the [[Embedding Property]]. They are generated on the right periphery of clausal arguments. (I.e. in {{T\|sá poq po kúe, ꝡë hao hóa}}, the relative clause is neither a constituent of the {{T\|poq}} DP nor the {{T\|kúe}} DP, but rather something that sits off to the side, as if it has undergone a minimal amount of extraposition.) The word {{T\|có}} must be overt whenever it follows a center-embedded clause, almost as if it's a terminator. This is necessary in order to disambiguate between {{T\|Aojaı póq, ꝡë cho hó sío, có, ꝡä hao júna, ꝡä luq tú}} and {{T\|Aojaı póq, ꝡë cho hó sío, ꝡä hao júna, có, ꝡä luq tú}}.		Center-embedded clauses cannot have trailing adjuncts, and so we give up the [[Embedding Property]]. They are generated on the right periphery of clausal arguments. (I.e. in {{T\|sá poq po kúe, ꝡë hao hóa}}, the relative clause is neither a constituent of the {{T\|poq}} DP nor the {{T\|kúe}} DP, but rather something that sits off to the side, as if it has undergone a minimal amount of extraposition.) The word {{T\|có}} must be overt whenever it follows a center-embedded clause, almost as if it's a terminator. This is necessary in order to disambiguate between {{T\|Aojaı póq, ꝡë cho hó sío, có, ꝡä hao júna, ꝡä luq tú}} and {{T\|Aojaı póq, ꝡë cho hó sío, ꝡä hao júna, có, ꝡä luq tú}}.

			== See also ==
			* [https://robin.town/blog/sa-ea-buriaq Sa ea burıaq], also by [[User:Loekıa\|Loekıa]], which incorporates ideas from Clause Reform into a more sweeping vision of Toaq

Loekıa: Remove some confusing wording

2024-09-26T04:50:56Z

Remove some confusing wording

← Older revision		Revision as of 04:50, 26 September 2024
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	* What are the semantics of an underfilled verb?		* What are the semantics of an underfilled verb?

	Toaq's official answer to the first question is that clauses are greedy; they eat up as many arguments and adjuncts as they can get. However, experience with Toaq Delta leads me to believe that greediness impedes the language's usability. Because subordinate clauses look just like non-subordinate clauses, the grammar presents learners with a beautifully simple lie: that you can underfill any clause and include trailing adjuncts in any clause. Being perceptive loglangers, most will come to realize that the "real" grammar, the one that enforces greediness, looks more complicated~~, but this gap between the real grammar and the intuitive grammar that works 98% of the time is fairly large~~. ~~Greediness~~ becomes something you watch out for, not quite something you internalize.		Toaq's official answer to the first question is that clauses are greedy; they eat up as many arguments and adjuncts as they can get. However, experience with Toaq Delta leads me to believe that greediness impedes the language's usability. Because subordinate clauses look just like non-subordinate clauses, the grammar presents learners with a beautifully simple lie: that you can underfill any clause and include trailing adjuncts in any clause. Being perceptive loglangers, most will come to realize that the "real" grammar, the one that enforces greediness, looks more complicated. But greediness becomes something you watch out for, not quite something you internalize.

	The theory behind this proposal (and likewise the [[Subclause Reform]]) is that giving up a little bit of convenience in order to simplify the grammar can be a very worthwhile tradeoff. This was what happened with [[auto-hóa]], for instance: for all the tinkering that was done, it turned out that a little bit of verbosity was what gave us the most intuitive and usable grammar.		The theory behind this proposal (and likewise the [[Subclause Reform]]) is that giving up a little bit of convenience in order to simplify the grammar can be a very worthwhile tradeoff. This was what happened with [[auto-hóa]], for instance: for all the tinkering that was done, it turned out that a little bit of verbosity was what gave us the most intuitive and usable grammar.

Loekıa: Demonstrate an even more general rule for có elision

2024-09-13T04:57:56Z

Demonstrate an even more general rule for có elision

← Older revision		Revision as of 04:57, 13 September 2024
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	{{Example\|He teaca júna jí, ꝡä bu sula kı̣udua báq tue po jíadaq.\|The fact scares me that matters of the future can never be known.}}{{Example\|Táosıo, lä seraq nhâna kú râo núaq já, bï chı duı hıam jí hóq.\|I think the plan to attack them at night is too dangerous.}}{{Example\|Jôı tú faq mabala, ë dea nháo láqbıo, nä jeaq rueqmoe jí.\|With each horrible striking of the bell, I grew more tense.}}		{{Example\|He teaca júna jí, ꝡä bu sula kı̣udua báq tue po jíadaq.\|The fact scares me that matters of the future can never be known.}}{{Example\|Táosıo, lä seraq nhâna kú râo núaq já, bï chı duı hıam jí hóq.\|I think the plan to attack them at night is too dangerous.}}{{Example\|Jôı tú faq mabala, ë dea nháo láqbıo, nä jeaq rueqmoe jí.\|With each horrible striking of the bell, I grew more tense.}}

	Finally, another possible antecedent for any relative clause, content clause, or event accessor clause is the ~~word~~ {{T\|có}}. This word is essentially a lightweight placeholder for content to come at the end of the post-field, much like the 'it' in English "'''It''' delights me '''that''' they tried". The semantics of {{T\|có}} are probably like {{T\|sá raı}}, but with low scope.		Finally, another possible antecedent for any relative clause, content clause, or event accessor clause is the correlative pronoun {{T\|có}}. This word is essentially a lightweight placeholder for content to come at the end of the post-field, much like the 'it' in English "'''It''' delights me '''that''' they tried". The semantics of {{T\|có}} are probably like {{T\|sá raı}}, but with low scope.
	{{Example\|Jaıca có jí, ꝡä leo nháo hú.\|It delights me that they tried it.}}{{Example\|Kaq jí có, ë marao súq.\|I saw you dance.}}{{Example\|Cho jí có, ꝡë bo jí hóa.\|I like that which I have. (?)}}		{{Example\|Jaıca có jí, ꝡä leo nháo hú.\|It delights me that they tried it.}}{{Example\|Kaq jí có, ë marao súq.\|I saw you dance.}}{{Example\|Cho jí có, ꝡë bo jí hóa.\|I like that which I have. (?)}}{{Example\|Zao jí sá chateı cô, lä tao já ní.\|I know of a way to do this.}}
			Whenever {{T\|có}} is used as the object of a verb, it may be covert. This is how the subordinators {{T\|ꝡä}}, {{T\|lä}}, etc. come to still appear as if they have no antecedent most of the time.
	~~When~~ {{T\|có}} is used as the object of a ~~preposition or the final verbal argument of a clause~~, it may be covert. This is how the subordinators {{T\|ꝡä}}, {{T\|lä}}, etc. come to still appear as if they have no antecedent most of the time.		{{Example\|Bu dua áma, ꝡä gáma nä hıa gáma…\|We don't know what the camel is up to…}}{{Example\|Tua jí, ꝡä naı ceo sho bua súq ní, ꝡë daqbuaı bue kú hóa jí.\|I cause you to now begin to inhabit this place, which has long been my home.}}{{Example\|Tıshue jí ní chôe, ë rıu'aona súq jí nha.\|I'll stay here until you come back to me.}}{{Example\|Ma zao súq sá chateı, lä tao já ní?\|Do you know of a way to do this?}}
	{{Example\|Bu dua áma, ꝡä gáma nä hıa gáma…\|We don't know what the camel is up to…}}{{Example\|Tua jí, ꝡä naı ceo sho bua súq ní, ꝡë daqbuaı bue kú hóa jí.\|I cause you to now begin to inhabit this place, which has long been my home.}}{{Example\|Tıshue jí ní chôe, ë rıu'aona súq jí nha.\|I'll stay here until you come back to me.}}

	== An alternative ==		== An alternative ==

Loekıa: Show that trailing adjuncts come before extraposed subclauses

2024-09-11T23:27:54Z

Show that trailing adjuncts come before extraposed subclauses

← Older revision		Revision as of 23:27, 11 September 2024
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	Officially, relative clauses are generated in-place inside determiner phrases, adjoining to an 𝘯P. Under this proposal, relative clauses become '''extraposed'''. They can either appear at the very end of a clause, or just before a cleft such as {{T\|nä}} or {{T\|bï}}.		Officially, relative clauses are generated in-place inside determiner phrases, adjoining to an 𝘯P. Under this proposal, relative clauses become '''extraposed'''. They can either appear at the very end of a clause, or just before a cleft such as {{T\|nä}} or {{T\|bï}}.
	{{Example\|Gaı tú poq súq, ꝡë chụmlaoshue póq shâq ké jıo.\|Everybody who was waiting in front of the building saw you.}}{{Example\|Tú poq, ꝡë chụmlaoshue hóa shâq ké jıo, nä gaı hóa súq, jü chıa hạchıaısı hóa!\|Everybody waiting in front of the building saw you, who need to be more careful!}}		{{Example\|Gaı tú poq súq, ꝡë chụmlaoshue póq shâq ké jıo.\|Everybody who was waiting in front of the building saw you.}}{{Example\|Tú poq, ꝡë chụmlaoshue hóa shâq ké jıo, nä gaı hóa súq, jü chıa hạchıaısı hóa!\|Everybody waiting in front of the building saw you, who need to be more careful!}}
			If a clause has trailing adjuncts, they come ''before'' the extraposed relative clause.

			{{Example\|Chum shuıha sá arane tîa nám, ꝡë tam jarajao hụ̂bıe hó.\|Hiding behind the bread was a spider, which then ran away.}}

	The antecedent of a relative clause is determined by the variables and anaphoric pronouns that it references. The nearest noun that binds one of these variables or pronouns is understood as the antecedent.		The antecedent of a relative clause is determined by the variables and anaphoric pronouns that it references. The nearest noun that binds one of these variables or pronouns is understood as the antecedent.
	{{Example\|Fana ní coa ké aomo, ꝡë jıu tî máq jí.\|This bridge leads to the island on which I was born.}}		{{Example\|Fana ní coa ké aomo, ꝡë jıu tî máq jí.\|This bridge leads to the island on which I was born.}}

Loekıa: Simplify example further

2024-09-11T14:53:51Z

Simplify example further

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:53, 11 September 2024
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	{{Example\|Gaı tú poq súq, ꝡë chụmlaoshue póq shâq ké jıo.\|Everybody who was waiting in front of the building saw you.}}{{Example\|Tú poq, ꝡë chụmlaoshue hóa shâq ké jıo, nä gaı hóa súq, jü chıa hạchıaısı hóa!\|Everybody waiting in front of the building saw you, who need to be more careful!}}		{{Example\|Gaı tú poq súq, ꝡë chụmlaoshue póq shâq ké jıo.\|Everybody who was waiting in front of the building saw you.}}{{Example\|Tú poq, ꝡë chụmlaoshue hóa shâq ké jıo, nä gaı hóa súq, jü chıa hạchıaısı hóa!\|Everybody waiting in front of the building saw you, who need to be more careful!}}
	The antecedent of a relative clause is determined by the variables and anaphoric pronouns that it references. The nearest noun that binds one of these variables or pronouns is understood as the antecedent.		The antecedent of a relative clause is determined by the variables and anaphoric pronouns that it references. The nearest noun that binds one of these variables or pronouns is understood as the antecedent.
	{{Example\|Fana ní coa ké aomo, ꝡë pu jıu tî máq jí.\|This bridge leads to the island on which I was born.}}		{{Example\|Fana ní coa ké aomo, ꝡë jıu tî máq jí.\|This bridge leads to the island on which I was born.}}
	Or, if the relative clause references the resumptive pronoun {{T\|hóa}}, the antecedent is simply the nearest noun.		Or, if the relative clause references the resumptive pronoun {{T\|hóa}}, the antecedent is simply the nearest noun.
	{{Example\|Chıaq jí sáq tue, ꝡë ea kuıca hóa ní saꝡaq.\|I am aware of three circumstances that could explain this unfortunate situation.}}		{{Example\|Chıaq jí sáq tue, ꝡë ea kuıca hóa ní saꝡaq.\|I am aware of three circumstances that could explain this unfortunate situation.}}

Loekıa: Mention that /w~j/ becomes free to appear wherever

2024-09-11T06:25:22Z

Mention that /w~j/ becomes free to appear wherever

← Older revision		Revision as of 06:25, 11 September 2024
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	A big advantage of these changes is that sentence fences (well specifically, the words {{T\|ꝡa}}, {{T\|da}}, and {{T\|móq}}) may now always be covert.		A big advantage of these changes is that sentence fences (well specifically, the words {{T\|ꝡa}}, {{T\|da}}, and {{T\|móq}}) may now always be covert.

	{{Example\|Pu tam gaı jí sá arane. Sao hó ꝡeı!\|I saw a spider. It was huge!}}{{Example\|Jua hú. Duashao jí, ꝡä luı faq hí raı.\|That's strange. I wonder what happened.}}{{Example\|Hoı déo, soa súna máma ba.\|Kids, come help your mom.}}		{{Example\|Pu tam gaı jí sá arane. Sao hó ꝡeı!\|I saw a spider. It was huge!}}{{Example\|Jua hú. Duashao jí, ꝡä luı faq hí raı.\|That's strange. I wonder what happened.}}{{Example\|Hoı déo, soa súna máma ba.\|Kids, come help your mom.}}Because {{T\|ꝡa}} is no longer such a load-bearing word, this also a good opportunity to relax the phonotactic restrictions surrounding /w~j/, allowing this phoneme to appear even in word-medial positions.

	== Dynamic antecedents ==		== Dynamic antecedents ==

Loekıa: Use better examples

2024-09-11T06:14:31Z

Use better examples

← Older revision		Revision as of 06:14, 11 September 2024
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	== Dynamic antecedents ==		== Dynamic antecedents ==
	Officially, relative clauses are generated in-place inside determiner phrases, adjoining to an 𝘯P. Under this proposal, relative clauses become '''extraposed'''. They can either appear at the very end of a clause, or just before a cleft such as {{T\|nä}} or {{T\|bï}}.		Officially, relative clauses are generated in-place inside determiner phrases, adjoining to an 𝘯P. Under this proposal, relative clauses become '''extraposed'''. They can either appear at the very end of a clause, or just before a cleft such as {{T\|nä}} or {{T\|bï}}.
	{{Example\|Gaı tú poq súq, ꝡë chụmlaoshue póq shâq ké jıo.\|Everybody who was waiting in front of the building saw you.}}{{Example\|Tú poq, ꝡë chụmlaoshue hóa shâq ké jıo, nä gaı hóa súq, jü chıa hạchıaısı hóa ~~báq nu~~!\|Everybody waiting in front of the building saw you, who need to be more careful!}}		{{Example\|Gaı tú poq súq, ꝡë chụmlaoshue póq shâq ké jıo.\|Everybody who was waiting in front of the building saw you.}}{{Example\|Tú poq, ꝡë chụmlaoshue hóa shâq ké jıo, nä gaı hóa súq, jü chıa hạchıaısı hóa!\|Everybody waiting in front of the building saw you, who need to be more careful!}}
	The antecedent of a relative clause is determined by the variables and anaphoric pronouns that it references. The nearest noun that binds one of these variables or pronouns is understood as the antecedent.		The antecedent of a relative clause is determined by the variables and anaphoric pronouns that it references. The nearest noun that binds one of these variables or pronouns is understood as the antecedent.
	{{Example\|Do ké ~~naq kú sá asu kíoq~~, ꝡë ~~tam kuaq shao luaq hó kíoq~~.\|~~The man gave~~ the ~~ball to some dogs that showed they wanted to play with it~~.}}		{{Example\|Fana ní coa ké aomo, ꝡë pu jıu tî máq jí.\|This bridge leads to the island on which I was born.}}
	Or, if the relative clause references the resumptive pronoun {{T\|hóa}}, the antecedent is simply the nearest noun.		Or, if the relative clause references the resumptive pronoun {{T\|hóa}}, the antecedent is simply the nearest noun.
	{{Example\|~~Do ké naq sá asu kíoq~~, ꝡë ~~pu negeq náq~~ hóa ~~tî hú neaq~~.\|~~The man gave the ball which he had found on the beach to some dogs~~.}}		{{Example\|Chıaq jí sáq tue, ꝡë ea kuıca hóa ní saꝡaq.\|I am aware of three circumstances that could explain this unfortunate situation.}}
	The effect of this change is that center embedding becomes illegal. This is attractive because it lets us fully preserve the [[Embedding Property]] and also avoid having center embedding be a source of confusion for listeners in the first place. The story becomes: if you have a heavy constituent, either front it or extrapose it.		The effect of this change is that center embedding becomes illegal. This is attractive because it lets us fully preserve the [[Embedding Property]] and also avoid having center embedding be a source of confusion for listeners in the first place. The story becomes: if you have a heavy constituent, either front it or extrapose it.
	{{Example\|*Gaı tú poq, ꝡë chụmlaoshue hóa shâq ké jıo, súq.}}		{{Example\|*Gaı tú poq, ꝡë chụmlaoshue hóa shâq ké jıo, súq.}}

Loekıa: Fix underfilled example

2024-09-10T03:13:37Z

Fix underfilled example

← Older revision		Revision as of 03:13, 10 September 2024
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	Finally, another possible antecedent for any relative clause, content clause, or event accessor clause is the word {{T\|có}}. This word is essentially a lightweight placeholder for content to come at the end of the post-field, much like the 'it' in English "'''It''' delights me '''that''' they tried". The semantics of {{T\|có}} are probably like {{T\|sá raı}}, but with low scope.		Finally, another possible antecedent for any relative clause, content clause, or event accessor clause is the word {{T\|có}}. This word is essentially a lightweight placeholder for content to come at the end of the post-field, much like the 'it' in English "'''It''' delights me '''that''' they tried". The semantics of {{T\|có}} are probably like {{T\|sá raı}}, but with low scope.
	{{Example\|Jaıca có jí, ꝡä leo nháo.\|It delights me that they tried.}}{{Example\|Kaq jí có, ë marao súq.\|I saw you dance.}}{{Example\|Cho jí có, ꝡë bo jí hóa.\|I like that which I have. (?)}}		{{Example\|Jaıca có jí, ꝡä leo nháo hú.\|It delights me that they tried it.}}{{Example\|Kaq jí có, ë marao súq.\|I saw you dance.}}{{Example\|Cho jí có, ꝡë bo jí hóa.\|I like that which I have. (?)}}

	When {{T\|có}} is used as the object of a preposition or the final verbal argument of a clause, it may be covert. This is how the subordinators {{T\|ꝡä}}, {{T\|lä}}, etc. come to still appear as if they have no antecedent most of the time.		When {{T\|có}} is used as the object of a preposition or the final verbal argument of a clause, it may be covert. This is how the subordinators {{T\|ꝡä}}, {{T\|lä}}, etc. come to still appear as if they have no antecedent most of the time.

Loekıa: Fix typo

2024-09-09T20:43:02Z

Fix typo

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:43, 9 September 2024
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	== Unified grammar for subclauses ==		== Unified grammar for subclauses ==
	Content clauses and event accessor clauses are generated in exactly the same positions as relative clauses; they can either be fronted with {{T\|nä}} or {{T\|bï}}, or extraposed to the end of the clause. Like relative clauses, they have antecedents. A content clause's antecedent is the nearest content-bearing noun (such as {{T\|júna}}), and an event accessor clause's antecedent is the nearest event noun (such as {{T\|fáq}}).		Content clauses and event accessor clauses are generated in exactly the same positions as relative clauses; they can either be fronted with {{T\|nä}} or {{T\|bï}}, or extraposed to the end of the clause. Like relative clauses, they have antecedents. A content clause's antecedent is the nearest content-bearing noun (such as {{T\|júna}}), and an event accessor clause's antecedent is the nearest event noun (such as {{T\|fáq}}).
	{{Example\|He teaca júna jí, ꝡä bu sula kı̣udua báq tue po jíadaq.\|The fact scares me that matters of the future can never be known.}}{{Example\|Táosıo, lä seraq nhâna kú râo núaq já, bï chı duı hıam jí hóq.\|I think the plan to attack them at night is to dangerous.}}{{Example\|Jôı tú faq mabala, ë dea nháo láqbıo, nä jeaq rueqmoe jí.\|With each horrible striking of the bell, I grew more tense.}}		{{Example\|He teaca júna jí, ꝡä bu sula kı̣udua báq tue po jíadaq.\|The fact scares me that matters of the future can never be known.}}{{Example\|Táosıo, lä seraq nhâna kú râo núaq já, bï chı duı hıam jí hóq.\|I think the plan to attack them at night is too dangerous.}}{{Example\|Jôı tú faq mabala, ë dea nháo láqbıo, nä jeaq rueqmoe jí.\|With each horrible striking of the bell, I grew more tense.}}

	Finally, another possible antecedent for any relative clause, content clause, or event accessor clause is the word {{T\|có}}. This word is essentially a lightweight placeholder for content to come at the end of the post-field, much like the 'it' in English "'''It''' delights me '''that''' they tried". The semantics of {{T\|có}} are probably like {{T\|sá raı}}, but with low scope.		Finally, another possible antecedent for any relative clause, content clause, or event accessor clause is the word {{T\|có}}. This word is essentially a lightweight placeholder for content to come at the end of the post-field, much like the 'it' in English "'''It''' delights me '''that''' they tried". The semantics of {{T\|có}} are probably like {{T\|sá raı}}, but with low scope.

Loekıa: Finish the proposal

2024-09-09T20:34:01Z

Finish the proposal

@@ Line 31: / Line 31: @@
 {{Example|Pu tam gaı jí sá arane. Sao hó ꝡeı!|I saw a spider. It was huge!}}{{Example|Jua hú. Duashao jí, ꝡä luı faq hí raı.|That's strange. I wonder what happened.}}{{Example|Hoı déo, soa súna máma ba.|Kids, come help your mom.}}
-== Flexible subclause attachment ==
+== Dynamic antecedents ==
-TODO: explain the extraposition idea and also deal with trailing adjuncts
+Officially, relative clauses are generated in-place inside determiner phrases, adjoining to an 𝘯P. Under this proposal, relative clauses become '''extraposed'''. They can either appear at the very end of a clause, or just before a cleft such as {{T|nä}} or {{T|bï}}.

← Older revision		Revision as of 04:57, 13 September 2024
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	{{Example\|He teaca júna jí, ꝡä bu sula kı̣udua báq tue po jíadaq.\|The fact scares me that matters of the future can never be known.}}{{Example\|Táosıo, lä seraq nhâna kú râo núaq já, bï chı duı hıam jí hóq.\|I think the plan to attack them at night is too dangerous.}}{{Example\|Jôı tú faq mabala, ë dea nháo láqbıo, nä jeaq rueqmoe jí.\|With each horrible striking of the bell, I grew more tense.}}		{{Example\|He teaca júna jí, ꝡä bu sula kı̣udua báq tue po jíadaq.\|The fact scares me that matters of the future can never be known.}}{{Example\|Táosıo, lä seraq nhâna kú râo núaq já, bï chı duı hıam jí hóq.\|I think the plan to attack them at night is too dangerous.}}{{Example\|Jôı tú faq mabala, ë dea nháo láqbıo, nä jeaq rueqmoe jí.\|With each horrible striking of the bell, I grew more tense.}}

	Finally, another possible antecedent for any relative clause, content clause, or event accessor clause is the ~~word~~ {{T\|có}}. This word is essentially a lightweight placeholder for content to come at the end of the post-field, much like the 'it' in English "'''It''' delights me '''that''' they tried". The semantics of {{T\|có}} are probably like {{T\|sá raı}}, but with low scope.		Finally, another possible antecedent for any relative clause, content clause, or event accessor clause is the correlative pronoun {{T\|có}}. This word is essentially a lightweight placeholder for content to come at the end of the post-field, much like the 'it' in English "'''It''' delights me '''that''' they tried". The semantics of {{T\|có}} are probably like {{T\|sá raı}}, but with low scope.
	{{Example\|Jaıca có jí, ꝡä leo nháo hú.\|It delights me that they tried it.}}{{Example\|Kaq jí có, ë marao súq.\|I saw you dance.}}{{Example\|Cho jí có, ꝡë bo jí hóa.\|I like that which I have. (?)}}		{{Example\|Jaıca có jí, ꝡä leo nháo hú.\|It delights me that they tried it.}}{{Example\|Kaq jí có, ë marao súq.\|I saw you dance.}}{{Example\|Cho jí có, ꝡë bo jí hóa.\|I like that which I have. (?)}}{{Example\|Zao jí sá chateı cô, lä tao já ní.\|I know of a way to do this.}}
			Whenever {{T\|có}} is used as the object of a verb, it may be covert. This is how the subordinators {{T\|ꝡä}}, {{T\|lä}}, etc. come to still appear as if they have no antecedent most of the time.
	~~When~~ {{T\|có}} is used as the object of a ~~preposition or the final verbal argument of a clause~~, it may be covert. This is how the subordinators {{T\|ꝡä}}, {{T\|lä}}, etc. come to still appear as if they have no antecedent most of the time.		{{Example\|Bu dua áma, ꝡä gáma nä hıa gáma…\|We don't know what the camel is up to…}}{{Example\|Tua jí, ꝡä naı ceo sho bua súq ní, ꝡë daqbuaı bue kú hóa jí.\|I cause you to now begin to inhabit this place, which has long been my home.}}{{Example\|Tıshue jí ní chôe, ë rıu'aona súq jí nha.\|I'll stay here until you come back to me.}}{{Example\|Ma zao súq sá chateı, lä tao já ní?\|Do you know of a way to do this?}}
	{{Example\|Bu dua áma, ꝡä gáma nä hıa gáma…\|We don't know what the camel is up to…}}{{Example\|Tua jí, ꝡä naı ceo sho bua súq ní, ꝡë daqbuaı bue kú hóa jí.\|I cause you to now begin to inhabit this place, which has long been my home.}}{{Example\|Tıshue jí ní chôe, ë rıu'aona súq jí nha.\|I'll stay here until you come back to me.}}

	== An alternative ==		== An alternative ==

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	{{Example\|Gaı tú poq súq, ꝡë chụmlaoshue póq shâq ké jıo.\|Everybody who was waiting in front of the building saw you.}}{{Example\|Tú poq, ꝡë chụmlaoshue hóa shâq ké jıo, nä gaı hóa súq, jü chıa hạchıaısı hóa!\|Everybody waiting in front of the building saw you, who need to be more careful!}}		{{Example\|Gaı tú poq súq, ꝡë chụmlaoshue póq shâq ké jıo.\|Everybody who was waiting in front of the building saw you.}}{{Example\|Tú poq, ꝡë chụmlaoshue hóa shâq ké jıo, nä gaı hóa súq, jü chıa hạchıaısı hóa!\|Everybody waiting in front of the building saw you, who need to be more careful!}}
	The antecedent of a relative clause is determined by the variables and anaphoric pronouns that it references. The nearest noun that binds one of these variables or pronouns is understood as the antecedent.		The antecedent of a relative clause is determined by the variables and anaphoric pronouns that it references. The nearest noun that binds one of these variables or pronouns is understood as the antecedent.
	{{Example\|Fana ní coa ké aomo, ꝡë pu jıu tî máq jí.\|This bridge leads to the island on which I was born.}}		{{Example\|Fana ní coa ké aomo, ꝡë jıu tî máq jí.\|This bridge leads to the island on which I was born.}}
	Or, if the relative clause references the resumptive pronoun {{T\|hóa}}, the antecedent is simply the nearest noun.		Or, if the relative clause references the resumptive pronoun {{T\|hóa}}, the antecedent is simply the nearest noun.
	{{Example\|Chıaq jí sáq tue, ꝡë ea kuıca hóa ní saꝡaq.\|I am aware of three circumstances that could explain this unfortunate situation.}}		{{Example\|Chıaq jí sáq tue, ꝡë ea kuıca hóa ní saꝡaq.\|I am aware of three circumstances that could explain this unfortunate situation.}}

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	Finally, another possible antecedent for any relative clause, content clause, or event accessor clause is the word {{T\|có}}. This word is essentially a lightweight placeholder for content to come at the end of the post-field, much like the 'it' in English "'''It''' delights me '''that''' they tried". The semantics of {{T\|có}} are probably like {{T\|sá raı}}, but with low scope.		Finally, another possible antecedent for any relative clause, content clause, or event accessor clause is the word {{T\|có}}. This word is essentially a lightweight placeholder for content to come at the end of the post-field, much like the 'it' in English "'''It''' delights me '''that''' they tried". The semantics of {{T\|có}} are probably like {{T\|sá raı}}, but with low scope.
	{{Example\|Jaıca có jí, ꝡä leo nháo.\|It delights me that they tried.}}{{Example\|Kaq jí có, ë marao súq.\|I saw you dance.}}{{Example\|Cho jí có, ꝡë bo jí hóa.\|I like that which I have. (?)}}		{{Example\|Jaıca có jí, ꝡä leo nháo hú.\|It delights me that they tried it.}}{{Example\|Kaq jí có, ë marao súq.\|I saw you dance.}}{{Example\|Cho jí có, ꝡë bo jí hóa.\|I like that which I have. (?)}}

	When {{T\|có}} is used as the object of a preposition or the final verbal argument of a clause, it may be covert. This is how the subordinators {{T\|ꝡä}}, {{T\|lä}}, etc. come to still appear as if they have no antecedent most of the time.		When {{T\|có}} is used as the object of a preposition or the final verbal argument of a clause, it may be covert. This is how the subordinators {{T\|ꝡä}}, {{T\|lä}}, etc. come to still appear as if they have no antecedent most of the time.