Determiner - Revision history

Laqme: update for Delta

2024-02-05T22:41:15Z

update for Delta

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:41, 5 February 2024
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	~~{{GammaNote}}~~		A '''determiner''' is a particle that consumes a [[verb form]] and produces a [[noun form]] — specifically, a [[determiner phrase]].

	~~A '''determiner''' is a particle that consumes a predicate phrase and produces a noun phrase.~~		For example: {{t\|sá}} “some” is a determiner, {{t\|bıo}} “…is a cup” is a predicate phrase, and {{t\|sá bıo}} is a noun form meaning “some cup(s).”

	For example: {{t\|sá}} “some” is a determiner, {{t\|bıo}} “…is a cup” is a predicate phrase, and {{t\|sá bıo}} is a noun ~~phrase~~ meaning “some cup(s)”.

	== Determiner particles ==		== Determiner particles ==
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	! Word !! Meaning		! Word !! Meaning
	\|-		\|-
	\| {{done\|2}} \|\| X (bound ~~to something~~)		\| {{done\|2}} \|\| X (bound; see below)
	\|-		\|-
	\| {{t\|sá}} \|\| some X		\| {{t\|sá}} \|\| some X
	\|-		\|-
	\| {{t\|tú}} \|\| every/each X		\| {{t\|tú}} \|\| every/each single X
	\|-		\|-
	\| {{t\|túq}} \|\| all X		\| {{t\|tútu}} \|\| every group of X-es (see below)
			\|-
			\| {{t\|túq}} \|\| all the Xs together
	\|-		\|-
	\| {{t\|sía}} \|\| no X		\| {{t\|sía}} \|\| no X
			\|-
			\| {{t\|ní}} \|\| this/that X
	\|-		\|-
	\| {{t\|hú}} \|\| endophoric determiner		\| {{t\|hú}} \|\| endophoric determiner
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	\| {{t\|báq}} \|\| X in general, X-[[kind]]		\| {{t\|báq}} \|\| X in general, X-[[kind]]
	\|-		\|-
	\| {{t\|já}} \|\| λX		\| {{t\|já}} \|\| λX, see [[Property]]
	\|-		\|-
	\| {{t\|hı}} \|\| which X?		\| {{t\|hí}} \|\| which X?
	\|}		\|}

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	<math>		<math>
	{\color{brown} \underbrace{\exists \textsf{bio}:}_{1}}		{\color{brown} \underbrace{\exists \textsf{bio}:}_{1}}
	\; {\color{chocolate} \underbrace{\textrm{~~Bio~~}(\textsf{bio}) \mathop\wedge}_{2}}		\; {\color{chocolate} \underbrace{\textrm{Cup}(\textsf{bio}) \mathop\wedge}_{2}}
	\; \textrm{Heaq}(\textsf{ji},		\; \textrm{Heaq}(\textsf{ji},
	{\color{teal} \underbrace{\textsf{bio}}_{3}}		{\color{teal} \underbrace{\textsf{bio}}_{3}}
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	=== Every, each, all ===		=== Every, each, all ===
	{{t\|tú bıo}} quantifies over the ~~range of~~ "~~cups-es~~"~~. The possible values~~ of ~~{{t\|bío}} include not only individual cups~~, ~~but also~~ groups of cups~~. A group of cups is~~ also a {{t\|bio}}~~, after all~~.		{{t\|tú bıo}} quantifies over single cups, i.e. each individual cup. This is often what we want to say, despite not being the "purest" form of for-all quantification in [[plural logic]]; after all, ''groups'' of several cups are also {{t\|bio}}. The expression {{t\|tútu bıo}} quantifies over the range of "cups-es": the possible values of {{t\|bío}} then include not only individual cups, but also groups of cups.

	~~This can lead to surprising behavior: see below.~~

	{{t\|~~tushı bỉo~~}} quantifies over "cups-es ~~that are one~~"~~, i.e. '''each''' individual cup. It's like {{t\|tu bỉo ru shỉ}}.~~

	~~{{t\|tuq bỉo}} doesn't make a "for-all" statement. Instead it refers to~~ the ~~single entity "all cups (together)".~~

	~~=== Inappropriate {{t\|tu}} ===~~
	You might think that {{t\|Zủdeq tu pỏq sa zủ}} means "every person speaks ''some'' language", where possibly each person speaks a different one. Certainly, presenting sentences such as <math>\forall x, \exists y: P(x,y)</math> and assigning them this interpretation is popular in discussions of ~~''singular'' predicate logic.~~

	~~But because the plural-logic~~ {{t\|~~tu pỏq~~}} ~~ranges over all "people-s"~~, ~~i.e. all~~ groups of people, it also includes the referent "''all'' relevant people together". Consequently, this sentence ends up saying that all people speak at least some ''common'' language(s), namely whichever {{t\|sa zủ}} these maximal {{t\|póq}} speak.

	~~As a concrete demonstration, if there are three people P1, P2, P3 in question, then {{t\|Zủdeq tu pỏq sa zủ}} claims all of the following:~~

	* There is/are some language(s) Z1, that P1 speaks.		You can read {{t\|tútu bıo nä …}} as: "for all ''xx'', if ''xx'' are some cups…"
	* There is/are some language(s) Z2, that P2 speaks.
	* There is/are some language(s) Z3, that P3 speaks.
	* There is/are some language(s) Z4, that [P1 {{t\|roı}} P2] speak.
	* There is/are some language(s) Z5, that [P1 {{t\|~~roı~~}} ~~P3] speak.~~
	* There is/are some language(s) Z6, ~~that [P2 {{t\|roı}} P3] speak.~~
	* There is/are some ~~language(s) Z7, that [P1 {{t\|roı}} P2 {{t\|roı}} P3] speak. (= a common language! ⚠️)~~

	~~You can explicitly quantify over ''single'' people to get the intended meaning:~~ {{t\|~~Zủdeq tushı pỏq sa zủ~~}}.		{{t\|túq bıo}} doesn't make a "for-all" statement. Instead it refers to the single entity "all cups (together)".

Mí shıukune: GammaNote to mark WIP

2024-02-04T02:05:37Z

GammaNote to mark WIP

← Older revision		Revision as of 02:05, 4 February 2024
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			{{GammaNote}}

	A '''determiner''' is a particle that consumes a predicate phrase and produces a noun phrase.		A '''determiner''' is a particle that consumes a predicate phrase and produces a noun phrase.

Mỉ Mỉao ga Nhäqpy at 01:36, 7 December 2022

2022-12-07T01:36:30Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 01:36, 7 December 2022
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	! Word !! Meaning		! Word !! Meaning
	\|-		\|-
	\| {{t\|◌́}} \|\| X (bound to something)		\| {{done\|2}} \|\| X (bound to something)
	\|-		\|-
	\| {{t\|sá}} \|\| some X		\| {{t\|sá}} \|\| some X

Mỉ Mỉao ga Nhäqpy at 01:34, 7 December 2022

2022-12-07T01:34:06Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 01:34, 7 December 2022
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	A '''determiner''' is a particle that consumes a predicate phrase and produces a noun phrase.		A '''determiner''' is a particle that consumes a predicate phrase and produces a noun phrase.

	For example: {{t\|sá}} “some” is a determiner, {{t\|bıo}} “…is a cup” is a predicate phrase, and {{t\|sa bıo}} is a noun phrase meaning “some cup(s)”.		For example: {{t\|sá}} “some” is a determiner, {{t\|bıo}} “…is a cup” is a predicate phrase, and {{t\|sá bıo}} is a noun phrase meaning “some cup(s)”.

	== Determiner particles ==		== Determiner particles ==

Mỉ Mỉao ga Nhäqpy: idk what to do with the bottom part of the page.

2022-12-07T01:33:41Z

idk what to do with the bottom part of the page.

← Older revision		Revision as of 01:33, 7 December 2022
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	A '''determiner''' is a particle that consumes a predicate phrase and produces a noun phrase.		A '''determiner''' is a particle that consumes a predicate phrase and produces a noun phrase.

	For example: {{t\|sa}} “some” is a determiner, {{t\|~~bỉo~~}} “…is a cup” is a predicate phrase, and {{t\|sa ~~bỉo~~}} is a noun phrase meaning “some cup(s)”.		For example: {{t\|sá}} “some” is a determiner, {{t\|bıo}} “…is a cup” is a predicate phrase, and {{t\|sa bıo}} is a noun phrase meaning “some cup(s)”.

	== Determiner particles ==		== Determiner particles ==
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	! Word !! Meaning		! Word !! Meaning
	\|-		\|-
	\| {{t\|sa}} \|\| ~~some~~ X		\| {{t\|◌́}} \|\| X (bound to something)
	\|-		\|-
	\| {{t\|tu}} \|\| ~~every~~ X		\| {{t\|sá}} \|\| some X
	\|-		\|-
	\| {{t\|~~tushı~~}} \|\| each X		\| {{t\|tú}} \|\| every/each X
	\|-		\|-
	\| {{t\|~~tuq~~}} \|\| all X		\| {{t\|túq}} \|\| all X
	\|-		\|-
	\| {{t\|~~sıa~~}} \|\| no X		\| {{t\|sía}} \|\| no X
	\|-		\|-
	\| {{t\|ke}} \|\| ~~the X~~		\| {{t\|hú}} \|\| endophoric determiner
	\|-		\|-
	\| {{t\|~~hoı~~}} \|\| ~~the aforementioned X~~		\| {{t\|ké}} \|\| exophoric determiner
	\|-		\|-
	\| {{t\|~~baq~~}} \|\| X in general, X-[[kind]]		\| {{t\|báq}} \|\| X in general, X-[[kind]]
	\|-		\|-
	\| {{t\|ja}} \|\| λX		\| {{t\|já}} \|\| λX
	\|-		\|-
	\| {{t\|hı}} \|\| which X?		\| {{t\|hı}} \|\| which X?
	\|-
	~~\| {{t\|co}} \|\| how many X?~~
	\|}		\|}

	~~Additionally, {{tone\|2}} can be analyzed as a tonal pseudo-determiner that refers to bound variables, or falls back to "implicitly-bound" {{t\|ke X}} if there is no earlier binding.~~

	== Semantics ==		== Semantics ==
	Formally, grammatical determiners tend to correspond to logical '''quantifiers''' over a now-bound variable, plus an ~~occurence~~ of that variable. For example, the {{t\|sa}} determiner corresponds to the <math>\exists</math> quantifier. The tagged predicate phrase doubles both as a ''domain'' and a ''name'' for the variable.		Formally, grammatical determiners tend to correspond to logical '''quantifiers''' over a now-bound variable, plus an occurrence of that variable. For example, the {{t\|sa}} determiner corresponds to the <math>\exists</math> quantifier. The tagged predicate phrase doubles both as a ''domain'' and a ''name'' for the variable.

	In short, {{t\|~~sa bỉo~~}} does three things:		In short, {{t\|sá bıo}} does three things:
	# <span style="color:brown">introduces</span> an existentially bound variable {{t\|bío}} to the clause;		# <span style="color:brown">introduces</span> an existentially bound variable {{t\|bío}} to the clause;
	# <span style="color:chocolate">specifies</span> that it refers to a cup (or some cups: see [[plural logic]]);		# <span style="color:chocolate">specifies</span> that it refers to a cup (or some cups: see [[plural logic]]);
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	<blockquote>		<blockquote>
	{{t\|~~Hẻaq~~ jí <u>~~sa bỉo~~</u>.}}<br>		{{t\|Heaq jí <u>sá bıo</u>.}}<br>
	<math>		<math>
	{\color{brown} \underbrace{\exists \textsf{bio}:}_{1}}		{\color{brown} \underbrace{\exists \textsf{bio}:}_{1}}
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	=== Every, each, all ===		=== Every, each, all ===
	{{t\|~~tu bỉo~~}} quantifies over the range of "cups-es". The possible values of {{t\|bío}} include not only individual cups, but also groups of cups. A group of cups is also a {{t\|~~bỉo~~}}, after all.		{{t\|tú bıo}} quantifies over the range of "cups-es". The possible values of {{t\|bío}} include not only individual cups, but also groups of cups. A group of cups is also a {{t\|bio}}, after all.

	This can lead to surprising behavior: see below.		This can lead to surprising behavior: see below.

Uakci at 16:41, 2 July 2022

2022-07-02T16:41:21Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:41, 2 July 2022
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	\|-		\|-
	\| {{t\|baq}} \|\| X in general, X-[[kind]]		\| {{t\|baq}} \|\| X in general, X-[[kind]]
			\|-
			\| {{t\|ja}} \|\| λX
	\|-		\|-
	\| {{t\|hı}} \|\| which X?		\| {{t\|hı}} \|\| which X?
	\|-		\|-
	\| {{t\|ja}} \|\| λX		\| {{t\|co}} \|\| how many X?
	\|}		\|}

	Additionally, {{tone\|2}} can be analyzed as a tonal pseudo-determiner that refers to bound variables, or falls back to "implicitly-bound" {{t\|ke X}} if there is no earlier binding.		Additionally, {{tone\|2}} can be analyzed as a tonal pseudo-determiner that refers to bound variables, or falls back to "implicitly-bound" {{t\|ke X}} if there is no earlier binding.

	== ~~Interpretation~~ ==		== Semantics ==
	~~Semantically~~, grammatical determiners tend to correspond to logical '''quantifiers''' over a now-bound variable, plus an occurence of that variable. For example, the {{t\|sa}} determiner corresponds to the <math>\exists</math> quantifier. The tagged predicate phrase doubles both as a ''domain'' and a ''name'' for the variable.		Formally, grammatical determiners tend to correspond to logical '''quantifiers''' over a now-bound variable, plus an occurence of that variable. For example, the {{t\|sa}} determiner corresponds to the <math>\exists</math> quantifier. The tagged predicate phrase doubles both as a ''domain'' and a ''name'' for the variable.

	In short, {{t\|sa bỉo}} does three things:		In short, {{t\|sa bỉo}} does three things:

Uakci: move determiner table closer to the top of the article

2022-07-02T16:39:33Z

move determiner table closer to the top of the article

@@ Line 2: / Line 2: @@
 For example: {{t|sa}} “some” is a determiner, {{t|bỉo}} “…is a cup” is a predicate phrase, and {{t|sa bỉo}} is a noun phrase meaning “some cup(s)”.
 == Determiner particles ==
@@ Line 50: / Line 30: @@
 Additionally, {{tone|2}} can be analyzed as a tonal pseudo-determiner that refers to bound variables, or falls back to "implicitly-bound" {{t|ke X}} if there is no earlier binding.
 === Every, each, all ===

Laqme at 14:39, 17 June 2022

2022-06-17T14:39:58Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:39, 17 June 2022
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	=== Inappropriate {{t\|tu}} ===		=== Inappropriate {{t\|tu}} ===
			You might think that {{t\|Zủdeq tu pỏq sa zủ}} means "every person speaks ''some'' language", where possibly each person speaks a different one. Certainly, presenting sentences such as <math>\forall x, \exists y: P(x,y)</math> and assigning them this interpretation is popular in discussions of ''singular'' predicate logic.

	~~You might think that~~ {{t\|~~Nẻo~~ tu ~~bỉo sa tỏqfua~~}} ~~means~~ "~~every cup is on~~ ''~~some~~'' ~~table~~"~~, where possibly each cup is on its own table~~. ~~Certainly~~, ~~presenting sentences such as <math>\forall b, \exists t: N(b,t)</math> and assigning them~~ this ~~interpretation is popular in discussions of~~ ''~~singular~~'' ~~predicate logic~~.		But because the plural-logic {{t\|tu pỏq}} ranges over all "people-s", i.e. all groups of people, it also includes the referent "''all'' relevant people together". Consequently, this sentence ends up saying that all people speak at least some ''common'' language(s), namely whichever {{t\|sa zủ}} these maximal {{t\|póq}} speak.

	~~But because the plural-logic {{t\|tu bỉo}} ranges over all "cups-es"~~, ~~i.e. all groups of cups~~, ~~it also includes the referent "{{t\|bío}} = ''all'' relevant cups together". Consequently~~, ~~this sentence ends up saying that all cups are on the ''same'' table~~, ~~namely whichever~~ {{t\|sa ~~tỏqfua~~}} ~~this maximal {{t\|bío}} is on.~~		As a concrete demonstration, if there are three people P1, P2, P3 in question, then {{t\|Zủdeq tu pỏq sa zủ}} claims all of the following:

	~~As a concrete demonstration, if there are three cups B1, B2, B3, then {{t\|Nẻo tu bỉo sa tỏqfua}} claims all of the following:~~		* There is/are some language(s) Z1, that P1 speaks.
	* There is some ~~table~~ that ~~B1 is on~~.		* There is/are some language(s) Z2, that P2 speaks.
	* There is some ~~table~~ that ~~B2 is on~~.		* There is/are some language(s) Z3, that P3 speaks.
	* There is some ~~table~~ that ~~B3 is on~~.		* There is/are some language(s) Z4, that [P1 {{t\|roı}} P2] speak.
	* There is some ~~table~~ that [B1 {{t\|roı}} B2] ~~are on~~.		* There is/are some language(s) Z5, that [P1 {{t\|roı}} P3] speak.
	* There is some ~~table~~ that [B1 {{t\|roı}} B3] ~~are on~~.		* There is/are some language(s) Z6, that [P2 {{t\|roı}} P3] speak.
	* There is some ~~table~~ that [B2 {{t\|roı}} B3] ~~are on~~.		* There is/are some language(s) Z7, that [P1 {{t\|roı}} P2 {{t\|roı}} P3] speak. (= a common language! ⚠️)
	* There is some ~~table~~ that [B1 {{t\|roı}} B2 {{t\|roı}} B3] ~~are on~~. (~~So they are all on the same table~~!)

	You can explicitly quantify over single ~~cups~~ to get the intended meaning: {{t\|~~Nẻo~~ tushı ~~bỉo~~ sa ~~tỏqfua~~}}.		You can explicitly quantify over ''single'' people to get the intended meaning: {{t\|Zủdeq tushı pỏq sa zủ}}.

Laqme at 11:51, 17 June 2022

2022-06-17T11:51:21Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:51, 17 June 2022
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	For example: {{t\|sa}} “some” is a determiner, {{t\|bỉo}} “…is a cup” is a predicate phrase, and {{t\|sa bỉo}} is a noun phrase meaning “some cup(s)”.		For example: {{t\|sa}} “some” is a determiner, {{t\|bỉo}} “…is a cup” is a predicate phrase, and {{t\|sa bỉo}} is a noun phrase meaning “some cup(s)”.

	Semantically, ~~these particles~~ tend to correspond to logical '''quantifiers''' over a now-bound variable, plus an occurence of that variable. For example, the {{t\|sa}} determiner corresponds to the <math>\exists</math> quantifier. The tagged predicate phrase doubles both as a ''domain'' and a ''name'' for the variable.		== Interpretation ==
			Semantically, grammatical determiners tend to correspond to logical '''quantifiers''' over a now-bound variable, plus an occurence of that variable. For example, the {{t\|sa}} determiner corresponds to the <math>\exists</math> quantifier. The tagged predicate phrase doubles both as a ''domain'' and a ''name'' for the variable.

	In short, {{t\|sa bỉo}} does three things:		In short, {{t\|sa bỉo}} does three things:

Laqme: /* Inappropriate {{t|tu}} */

2022-06-17T11:49:29Z

Inappropriate {{t|tu}}

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:49, 17 June 2022
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	=== Inappropriate {{t\|tu}} ===		=== Inappropriate {{t\|tu}} ===

	You might think that {{t\|Nẻo tu bỉo sa tỏqfua}} means "every cup is on ''some'' table", where possibly each cup is on its own table. Certainly, presenting sentences such as <math>\forall b, \exists t: N(b,t)</math> is popular in discussions of predicate logic.		You might think that {{t\|Nẻo tu bỉo sa tỏqfua}} means "every cup is on ''some'' table", where possibly each cup is on its own table. Certainly, presenting sentences such as <math>\forall b, \exists t: N(b,t)</math> and assigning them this interpretation is popular in discussions of ''singular'' predicate logic.

	But because the plural-logic {{t\|tu bỉo}} ranges over all "cups-es", i.e. all groups of cups, it also includes the referent "{{t\|bío}} = ''all'' relevant cups together". Consequently, this sentence ends up saying that all cups are on the ''same'' table, namely whichever {{t\|sa tỏqfua}} this maximal {{t\|bío}} is on.		But because the plural-logic {{t\|tu bỉo}} ranges over all "cups-es", i.e. all groups of cups, it also includes the referent "{{t\|bío}} = ''all'' relevant cups together". Consequently, this sentence ends up saying that all cups are on the ''same'' table, namely whichever {{t\|sa tỏqfua}} this maximal {{t\|bío}} is on.

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:39, 17 June 2022
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	=== Inappropriate {{t\|tu}} ===		=== Inappropriate {{t\|tu}} ===
			You might think that {{t\|Zủdeq tu pỏq sa zủ}} means "every person speaks ''some'' language", where possibly each person speaks a different one. Certainly, presenting sentences such as <math>\forall x, \exists y: P(x,y)</math> and assigning them this interpretation is popular in discussions of ''singular'' predicate logic.

	~~You might think that~~ {{t\|~~Nẻo~~ tu ~~bỉo sa tỏqfua~~}} ~~means~~ "~~every cup is on~~ ''~~some~~'' ~~table~~"~~, where possibly each cup is on its own table~~. ~~Certainly~~, ~~presenting sentences such as <math>\forall b, \exists t: N(b,t)</math> and assigning them~~ this ~~interpretation is popular in discussions of~~ ''~~singular~~'' ~~predicate logic~~.		But because the plural-logic {{t\|tu pỏq}} ranges over all "people-s", i.e. all groups of people, it also includes the referent "''all'' relevant people together". Consequently, this sentence ends up saying that all people speak at least some ''common'' language(s), namely whichever {{t\|sa zủ}} these maximal {{t\|póq}} speak.

	~~But because the plural-logic {{t\|tu bỉo}} ranges over all "cups-es"~~, ~~i.e. all groups of cups~~, ~~it also includes the referent "{{t\|bío}} = ''all'' relevant cups together". Consequently~~, ~~this sentence ends up saying that all cups are on the ''same'' table~~, ~~namely whichever~~ {{t\|sa ~~tỏqfua~~}} ~~this maximal {{t\|bío}} is on.~~		As a concrete demonstration, if there are three people P1, P2, P3 in question, then {{t\|Zủdeq tu pỏq sa zủ}} claims all of the following:

	~~As a concrete demonstration, if there are three cups B1, B2, B3, then {{t\|Nẻo tu bỉo sa tỏqfua}} claims all of the following:~~		* There is/are some language(s) Z1, that P1 speaks.
	* There is some ~~table~~ that ~~B1 is on~~.		* There is/are some language(s) Z2, that P2 speaks.
	* There is some ~~table~~ that ~~B2 is on~~.		* There is/are some language(s) Z3, that P3 speaks.
	* There is some ~~table~~ that ~~B3 is on~~.		* There is/are some language(s) Z4, that [P1 {{t\|roı}} P2] speak.
	* There is some ~~table~~ that [B1 {{t\|roı}} B2] ~~are on~~.		* There is/are some language(s) Z5, that [P1 {{t\|roı}} P3] speak.
	* There is some ~~table~~ that [B1 {{t\|roı}} B3] ~~are on~~.		* There is/are some language(s) Z6, that [P2 {{t\|roı}} P3] speak.
	* There is some ~~table~~ that [B2 {{t\|roı}} B3] ~~are on~~.		* There is/are some language(s) Z7, that [P1 {{t\|roı}} P2 {{t\|roı}} P3] speak. (= a common language! ⚠️)
	* There is some ~~table~~ that [B1 {{t\|roı}} B2 {{t\|roı}} B3] ~~are on~~. (~~So they are all on the same table~~!)

	You can explicitly quantify over single ~~cups~~ to get the intended meaning: {{t\|~~Nẻo~~ tushı ~~bỉo~~ sa ~~tỏqfua~~}}.		You can explicitly quantify over ''single'' people to get the intended meaning: {{t\|Zủdeq tushı pỏq sa zủ}}.

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:49, 17 June 2022
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	=== Inappropriate {{t\|tu}} ===		=== Inappropriate {{t\|tu}} ===

	You might think that {{t\|Nẻo tu bỉo sa tỏqfua}} means "every cup is on ''some'' table", where possibly each cup is on its own table. Certainly, presenting sentences such as <math>\forall b, \exists t: N(b,t)</math> is popular in discussions of predicate logic.		You might think that {{t\|Nẻo tu bỉo sa tỏqfua}} means "every cup is on ''some'' table", where possibly each cup is on its own table. Certainly, presenting sentences such as <math>\forall b, \exists t: N(b,t)</math> and assigning them this interpretation is popular in discussions of ''singular'' predicate logic.

	But because the plural-logic {{t\|tu bỉo}} ranges over all "cups-es", i.e. all groups of cups, it also includes the referent "{{t\|bío}} = ''all'' relevant cups together". Consequently, this sentence ends up saying that all cups are on the ''same'' table, namely whichever {{t\|sa tỏqfua}} this maximal {{t\|bío}} is on.		But because the plural-logic {{t\|tu bỉo}} ranges over all "cups-es", i.e. all groups of cups, it also includes the referent "{{t\|bío}} = ''all'' relevant cups together". Consequently, this sentence ends up saying that all cups are on the ''same'' table, namely whichever {{t\|sa tỏqfua}} this maximal {{t\|bío}} is on.