Focus–cleft merger - Revision history

Laqme: /* {{t|ná}} */ use {{done}} instead of {{tone}}

2023-12-06T19:08:38Z

{{t|ná}}: use {{done}} instead of {{tone}}

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:08, 6 December 2023
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	== {{t\|ná}} ==		== {{t\|ná}} ==
	One silly consequence of running the {{~~tone~~\|2}} ↔︎ {{~~tone~~\|3}} logic both ways is that we may arrive at {{t\|ná}}. {{t\|ná}}’s definition (denotation) would literally be “do nothing” (more formally, λ𝑓𝑥.𝑓𝑥), so what use could it have? The one use I can think of is grammatical clarity: you can use it like a spoken comma or bracket or fence/signpost to make your long sentences easier to stomach:		One silly consequence of running the {{done\|2}} ↔︎ {{done\|3}} logic both ways is that we may arrive at {{t\|ná}}. {{t\|ná}}’s definition (denotation) would literally be “do nothing” (more formally, λ𝑓𝑥.𝑓𝑥), so what use could it have? The one use I can think of is grammatical clarity: you can use it like a spoken comma or bracket or fence/signpost to make your long sentences easier to stomach:
	<blockquote><poem>		<blockquote><poem>
	{{t\|Jeq suao {{orange\|ná, ꝡé do súq jí hóa,}} {{green\|ná, ꝡé do jí súq hóa}} da.}}		{{t\|Jeq suao {{orange\|ná, ꝡé do súq jí hóa,}} {{green\|ná, ꝡé do jí súq hóa}} da.}}

Uakci: reduce intro to a link to Topic, focus, cleft; add a section on {{t|ná}}, which I just find so cute

2023-12-05T19:16:48Z

reduce intro to a link to Topic, focus, cleft; add a section on {{t|ná}}, which I just find so cute

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:16, 5 December 2023
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	This {{proposal}}, which may colloquially be termed the {{class\|kü}} proposal, wishes to merge ~~three~~ features ~~of the language~~:		This {{proposal}}, which may colloquially be termed the {{class\|kü}} proposal, wishes to merge these seemingly heterogeneous features together: [[focus, topic, cleft]]s. In short, it does this by allowing focus markers to conjugate into clefts ({{class\|kú}} → {{class\|kü}}), and then runs the logic the opposite way to arrive at {{t\|bí}}.
	* [[~~Focus marker~~]]s, ~~like~~ {{t\|kú}} ~~and~~ {{t\|~~tó}}.~~
	* [[Cleft]]s using {{t\|nä}}, ~~like {{t\|Máoja nä chuq jí hóa}} ‘I eat~~ the ~~bananas’.~~
	* [[Topic\|Topic phrases]], introduced by {{t\|bï}}~~, like {{t\|Báq maoja bï, he bu cho jí hóa}} ‘As far as bananas go, I don’t like them’~~.

	== Focus marker clefts ==		== Focus marker clefts ==
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	: {{t\|{{small caps\|phrase}} bï, {{small caps\|phrase}} nä {{small caps\|clause}}}}.		: {{t\|{{small caps\|phrase}} bï, {{small caps\|phrase}} nä {{small caps\|clause}}}}.
	In other words, the focused (or should I say topicked?) clause is reasserted (kept intact), but also raised/copied as the topic. So for {{t\|Fa jí bí râo níchaq}}, instead of ‘As for [something being] today, I go’ (see reference), we should expect ‘As for [something being] today, I go today’.		In other words, the focused (or should I say topicked?) clause is reasserted (kept intact), but also raised/copied as the topic. So for {{t\|Fa jí bí râo níchaq}}, instead of ‘As for [something being] today, I go’ (see reference), we should expect ‘As for [something being] today, I go today’.

			== {{t\|ná}} ==
			One silly consequence of running the {{tone\|2}} ↔︎ {{tone\|3}} logic both ways is that we may arrive at {{t\|ná}}. {{t\|ná}}’s definition (denotation) would literally be “do nothing” (more formally, λ𝑓𝑥.𝑓𝑥), so what use could it have? The one use I can think of is grammatical clarity: you can use it like a spoken comma or bracket or fence/signpost to make your long sentences easier to stomach:
			<blockquote><poem>
			{{t\|Jeq suao {{orange\|ná, ꝡé do súq jí hóa,}} {{green\|ná, ꝡé do jí súq hóa}} da.}}
			<i>{{orange\|The things you’ve given me}} are equally important as {{green\|the things I’ve given you}}.</i>
			</poem></blockquote>

	==References==		==References==
	<references/>		<references/>

Uakci: tó → júaq to make the example easier to Cognize

2023-12-04T17:39:43Z

tó → júaq to make the example easier to Cognize

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:39, 4 December 2023
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	:‘Only rabbits can slip through this hole’		:‘Only rabbits can slip through this hole’

	:{{t\|Ní chuao tö deq peo báq kanı hóa}}		:{{t\|Ní chuao jüaq deq peo báq kanı hóa}}
	:[= {{t\|Tó ní chuao nä deq peo báq kanı hóa}}]		:[= {{t\|Júaq ní chuao nä deq peo báq kanı hóa}}]
	:[= {{t\|Deq peo báq kanı tó ní chuao}}]		:[= {{t\|Deq peo báq kanı júaq ní chuao}}]
	:‘It is ~~just~~ this hole that rabbits are able to pass’		:‘It is even this hole that rabbits are able to pass’

	:{{t\|He râo báq kıachaq bëı loı jí tú}}		:{{t\|He râo báq kıachaq bëı loı jí tú}}

Laqme at 12:39, 4 December 2023

2023-12-04T12:39:22Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:39, 4 December 2023
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	This {{proposal}}, which may colloquially be termed the {{class\|kü}} proposal, wishes to merge three features of the language:		This {{proposal}}, which may colloquially be termed the {{class\|kü}} proposal, wishes to merge three features of the language:
	* [[Focus marker]]s, like {{t\|kú}} ~~(pure focus), {{t\|máo}} ‘also’~~ and {{t\|tó}} ~~‘only’~~.		* [[Focus marker]]s, like {{t\|kú}} and {{t\|tó}}.
	* [[Cleft]]s using {{t\|nä}}, like {{t\|Máoja nä chuq jí hóa}} ‘I eat the bananas’.		* [[Cleft]]s using {{t\|nä}}, like {{t\|Máoja nä chuq jí hóa}} ‘I eat the bananas’.
	* [[Topic\|Topic phrases]], introduced by {{t\|bï}}, like {{t\|Báq maoja bï, he bu cho jí hóa}} ‘As far as bananas go, I don’t like them’.		* [[Topic\|Topic phrases]], introduced by {{t\|bï}}, like {{t\|Báq maoja bï, he bu cho jí hóa}} ‘As far as bananas go, I don’t like them’.

Laqme: Remove technical aside and other things

2023-12-04T12:38:47Z

Remove technical aside and other things

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-This {{proposal}}, which may colloquially be termed the {{class|kü}} proposal, wishes to merge two features of the language:
+This {{proposal}}, which may colloquially be termed the {{class|kü}} proposal, wishes to merge three features of the language:
-* [[Focus marker]]s, which attach to words or phrases and which express a relation of the marked material with respect to the rest of the clause – e.g., {{t|kú}} highlights information that the listener should consider as new and important, {{t|tó}} states it is only this choice of value that satisfies the clause, etc. For instance, {{t|Chuq jí kú máoja}} would translate as ‘I am eating ''the banana''’ or ‘It is the banana that I’m eating’.
+* [[Focus marker]]s, like {{t|kú}} (pure focus), {{t|máo}} ‘also’ and {{t|tó}} ‘only’.
-* [[Cleft]]s, or {{t|nä}} phrases, which allow one to place a noun phrase or an adverbial at the front of a clause, and in the former case refer back to the noun phrase with {{t|hóa}}, primarily for convenience and not for focus. For instance, {{t|Máoja nä chuq jí hóa}} is another way of saying {{t|Chuq jí máoja}} but possibly more convenient (especially if instead of {{t|máoja}} we’re dealing with a looong phrase).
+* [[Cleft]]s using {{t|nä}}, like {{t|Máoja nä chuq jí hóa}} ‘I eat the bananas’.
-* [[Topic|Topic phrases]], or {{t|bï}} phrases, which serve the opposite function to focus markers: they set the backdrop or context for the focused information. For instance, {{t|Báq maoja bï, bu cho jí hóa}} ‘As far as bananas go, I don’t like them’.
+* [[Topic|Topic phrases]], introduced by {{t|bï}}, like {{t|Báq maoja bï, he bu cho jí hóa}} ‘As far as bananas go, I don’t like them’.
-==The tofu<ref>assuming the [[wikipedia:vegetarianism|vegetarianism]] proposal applies</ref> of the proposal==
+== Focus marker clefts ==
-:We’ll be assuming [[User:Lynn|Lynn]]’s [[Simple Focus]] proposal applies. (tl;dr, it makes all {{class|kú}} always bear {{done|2}}, displacing the complex and incomplete rules found in the refgram, and also makes some additional statements about the scope prefixes operate on, which is ''also'' irregular officially.) It also frees {{done|3}} for us, which will be useful right below:
+We’ll be assuming the [[Simple Focus]] proposal applies. It makes all focus markers always bear {{done|2}}, displacing the complex and incomplete rules found in the refgram. It also frees {{done|3}} for us, which will be useful right below:
 Essentially, allow {{t|{{small caps|focus}} {{class|kü}} {{small caps|phrase}}}}, with exactly the same semantics as {{t|{{class|kú}} {{small caps|focus}} nä {{small caps|phrase}}}}. {{t|hóa}} is still bound in case of a noun phrase. Examples examples:
@@ Line 24: / Line 22: @@
 :[= {{t|Tó ní chuao nä deq peo báq kanı hóa}}]
 :[= {{t|Deq peo báq kanı tó ní chuao}}]
-:‘It is just this hole that rabbits are allowed to pass’
+:‘It is just this hole that rabbits are able to pass’
 :{{t|He râo báq kıachaq bëı loı jí tú}}
@@ Line 30: / Line 28: @@
 :‘It’s on Mondays (not on some other implied occasion / under some other implied condition) that I hate everything’
-The win from this is that you get to combine focus and clefting, bringing the focused material to the front. This operation would remain optional, i.e., {{t|Chuq jí kú máoja}} would still remain in the language for you to use. The minor downside is that the signposting particle that announces focus – in this case, {{t|kü}} – now comes ''after'' the focused material.
+== The focus marker {{t|bí}} ==
 The idea is to take the generic pattern above, flip it, and apply it to {{t|bï}}:
@@ Line 50: / Line 47: @@
 : {{t|{{small caps|phrase}} bï, {{small caps|phrase}} nä {{small caps|clause}}}}.
 In other words, the focused (or should I say topicked?) clause is reasserted (kept intact), but also raised/copied as the topic. So for {{t|Fa jí bí râo níchaq}}, instead of ‘As for [something being] today, I go’ (see reference), we should expect ‘As for [something being] today, I go today’.
 ==References==
 <references/>

Uakci: use small caps everywhere

2023-12-01T17:08:31Z

use small caps *everywhere*

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:08, 1 December 2023
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	The idea is to take the generic pattern above, flip it, and apply it to {{t\|bï}}:		The idea is to take the generic pattern above, flip it, and apply it to {{t\|bï}}:

	: {{t\|~~TOPIC~~ bï ~~PHRASE~~}} → {{t\|bí ~~TOPIC~~ nä ~~PHRASE~~}} {{t\|~~PHRASE~~ … bí ~~TOPIC~~ …}}		: {{t\|{{small caps\|topic}} bï {{small caps\|phrase}}}} → {{t\|bí {{small caps\|topic}} nä {{small caps\|phrase}}}} {{t\|{{small caps\|phrase}} … bí {{small caps\|topic}} …}}

	For instance:		For instance:

Uakci: use Template:Small caps

2023-12-01T17:07:37Z

use Template:Small caps

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:07, 1 December 2023
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	===The part where we let focus markers be clefts===		===The part where we let focus markers be clefts===
	Essentially, allow {{t\|~~FOCUS~~}} {{class\|kü}} {{t\|~~PHRASE~~}}, with exactly the same semantics as {{class\|kú}} {{t\|~~FOCUS~~ nä ~~PHRASE~~}}. {{t\|hóa}} is still bound in case of a noun phrase. Examples examples:		Essentially, allow {{t\|{{small caps\|focus}} {{class\|kü}} {{small caps\|phrase}}}}, with exactly the same semantics as {{t\|{{class\|kú}} {{small caps\|focus}} nä {{small caps\|phrase}}}}. {{t\|hóa}} is still bound in case of a noun phrase. Examples examples:

	:{{t\|Máoja kü chuq jí hóa}}		:{{t\|Máoja kü chuq jí hóa}}
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	Also note that this would extend {{t\|bï}}’s range to adverbials. The official preference for AdverbialP in CompTopicP would be for it to mean something different than what {{t\|nä}} does<ref>[https://discord.com/channels/311223912044167168/889589074011230230/1073948834146820157 Hoemaı on Discord]: {{transcript		Also note that this would extend {{t\|bï}}’s range to adverbials. The official preference for AdverbialP in CompTopicP would be for it to mean something different than what {{t\|nä}} does<ref>[https://discord.com/channels/311223912044167168/889589074011230230/1073948834146820157 Hoemaı on Discord]: {{transcript
	\|[Whether an AdjunctP can be the topic is u]ndecided currently, but if yes, then its meaning would be "as for [it/something being] today, I go ...", and not "Today, I go" ({{t\|Níchaq bï fa jí}} or {{t\|Râo níchaq nä fa jí}} are the alternatives).}}</ref>. In our proposal, we have to give {{t\|bí}}/{{t\|bï}} equal rights, so semantically we may assume that {{t\|~~CLAUSE~~ … bí ~~PHRASE~~ …}} actually compiles down to what would officially be phrased as		\|[Whether an AdjunctP can be the topic is u]ndecided currently, but if yes, then its meaning would be "as for [it/something being] today, I go ...", and not "Today, I go" ({{t\|Níchaq bï fa jí}} or {{t\|Râo níchaq nä fa jí}} are the alternatives).}}</ref>. In our proposal, we have to give {{t\|bí}}/{{t\|bï}} equal rights, so semantically we may assume that {{t\|{{small caps\|clause}} … bí {{small caps\|phrase}} …}} actually compiles down to what would officially be phrased as
	: {{t\|~~PHRASE~~ bï, ~~PHRASE~~ nä ~~CLAUSE~~}}.		: {{t\|{{small caps\|phrase}} bï, {{small caps\|phrase}} nä {{small caps\|clause}}}}.
	In other words, the focused (or should I say topicked?) clause is reasserted (kept intact), but also raised/copied as the topic. So for {{t\|Fa jí bí râo níchaq}}, instead of ‘As for [something being] today, I go’ (see reference), we should expect ‘As for [something being] today, I go today’.		In other words, the focused (or should I say topicked?) clause is reasserted (kept intact), but also raised/copied as the topic. So for {{t\|Fa jí bí râo níchaq}}, instead of ‘As for [something being] today, I go’ (see reference), we should expect ‘As for [something being] today, I go today’.

Uakci: /* The part where we let focus markers be clefts */remove repeated example sentence

2023-11-18T10:59:29Z

The part where we let focus markers be clefts: remove repeated example sentence

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:59, 18 November 2023
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	:‘It is just this hole that rabbits are allowed to pass’		:‘It is just this hole that rabbits are allowed to pass’

	~~:{{t\|He râo báq kıachaq bëı loı jí tú}}~~
	:{{t\|He râo báq kıachaq bëı loı jí tú}}		:{{t\|He râo báq kıachaq bëı loı jí tú}}
	:[= {{t\|He, ꝡä béı râo báq kıachaq nä loı jí tú}}]		:[= {{t\|He, ꝡä béı râo báq kıachaq nä loı jí tú}}]

Mỉ Mỉao ga Nhäqpy: Because above, it says "Essentially, allow FOCUS KÜ PHRASE, with exactly the same semantics as KÚ FOCUS nä PHRASE"

2023-11-17T17:25:51Z

Because above, it says "Essentially, allow FOCUS KÜ PHRASE, with exactly the same semantics as KÚ FOCUS nä PHRASE"

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:25, 17 November 2023
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	:{{t\|Máoja kü chuq jí hóa}}		:{{t\|Máoja kü chuq jí hóa}}
			:[= {{t\|Kú máoja nä chuq jí hóa}}]
	:[= {{t\|Chuq jí kú máoja}}]		:[= {{t\|Chuq jí kú máoja}}]
	:‘It is the banana I’m eating’		:‘It is the banana I’m eating’

	:{{t\|Báq kanı tö deq peo hóa ní chuao}}		:{{t\|Báq kanı tö deq peo hóa ní chuao}}
			:[= {{t\|Tó báq kanı nä deq peo hóa ní chuao}}]
	:[= {{t\|Deq peo tó báq kanı ní chuao}}]		:[= {{t\|Deq peo tó báq kanı ní chuao}}]
	:‘Only rabbits can slip through this hole’		:‘Only rabbits can slip through this hole’

	:{{t\|Ní chuao tö deq peo báq kanı hóa}}		:{{t\|Ní chuao tö deq peo báq kanı hóa}}
			:[= {{t\|Tó ní chuao nä deq peo báq kanı hóa}}]
	:[= {{t\|Deq peo báq kanı tó ní chuao}}]		:[= {{t\|Deq peo báq kanı tó ní chuao}}]
	:‘It is just this hole that rabbits are allowed to pass’		:‘It is just this hole that rabbits are allowed to pass’

			:{{t\|He râo báq kıachaq bëı loı jí tú}}
	:{{t\|He râo báq kıachaq bëı loı jí tú}}		:{{t\|He râo báq kıachaq bëı loı jí tú}}
	:[= {{t\|He, ꝡä béı râo báq kıachaq nä loı jí tú}}]		:[= {{t\|He, ꝡä béı râo báq kıachaq nä loı jí tú}}]

Uakci: /* A technical aside owing to bï’s semantics */add tl;dr

2023-11-16T20:09:04Z

A technical aside owing to bï’s semantics: add tl;dr

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:09, 16 November 2023
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	====A technical aside owing to {{t\|bï}}’s semantics====		====A technical aside owing to {{t\|bï}}’s semantics====
			: tl;dr: Officially, {{t\|bï}} should only take definite references. I posit that this means that {{t\|bï}}’s topic must be reducible to something like λ𝑥′. 𝑥′ = 𝑥 for some predetermined 𝑥 : e. The section aims to expand this notion to all plausible topic phrase types if {{t\|bí}} is to be expected to make any sense.

	{{t\|bï}} is restricted to definite references – cross-linguistically, topic phrases cannot include an indefinite referent (‘as for some crocheting’ only makes sense if we read ‘some’ as {{t\|ké}}; as {{t\|sá}} it is infelicitous). For this reason, we need to set down a definition of what it means for a noun phrase (and any other kind of phrase, given that {{t\|bí}} would be allowed to attach to anything that {{class\|kú}} can) to be “definite”. For this reason, we must stipulate that determiners which always denote a unique maximal reference, like {{t\|ké}}, exophoric {{done\|2}}, or experimental {{t\|cúaq}} – are definite, but then outer quantification may be flaky:		{{t\|bï}} is restricted to definite references – cross-linguistically, topic phrases cannot include an indefinite referent (‘as for some crocheting’ only makes sense if we read ‘some’ as {{t\|ké}}; as {{t\|sá}} it is infelicitous). For this reason, we need to set down a definition of what it means for a noun phrase (and any other kind of phrase, given that {{t\|bí}} would be allowed to attach to anything that {{class\|kú}} can) to be “definite”. For this reason, we must stipulate that determiners which always denote a unique maximal reference, like {{t\|ké}}, exophoric {{done\|2}}, or experimental {{t\|cúaq}} – are definite, but then outer quantification may be flaky:

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:09, 16 November 2023
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	====A technical aside owing to {{t\|bï}}’s semantics====		====A technical aside owing to {{t\|bï}}’s semantics====
			: tl;dr: Officially, {{t\|bï}} should only take definite references. I posit that this means that {{t\|bï}}’s topic must be reducible to something like λ𝑥′. 𝑥′ = 𝑥 for some predetermined 𝑥 : e. The section aims to expand this notion to all plausible topic phrase types if {{t\|bí}} is to be expected to make any sense.

	{{t\|bï}} is restricted to definite references – cross-linguistically, topic phrases cannot include an indefinite referent (‘as for some crocheting’ only makes sense if we read ‘some’ as {{t\|ké}}; as {{t\|sá}} it is infelicitous). For this reason, we need to set down a definition of what it means for a noun phrase (and any other kind of phrase, given that {{t\|bí}} would be allowed to attach to anything that {{class\|kú}} can) to be “definite”. For this reason, we must stipulate that determiners which always denote a unique maximal reference, like {{t\|ké}}, exophoric {{done\|2}}, or experimental {{t\|cúaq}} – are definite, but then outer quantification may be flaky:		{{t\|bï}} is restricted to definite references – cross-linguistically, topic phrases cannot include an indefinite referent (‘as for some crocheting’ only makes sense if we read ‘some’ as {{t\|ké}}; as {{t\|sá}} it is infelicitous). For this reason, we need to set down a definition of what it means for a noun phrase (and any other kind of phrase, given that {{t\|bí}} would be allowed to attach to anything that {{class\|kú}} can) to be “definite”. For this reason, we must stipulate that determiners which always denote a unique maximal reference, like {{t\|ké}}, exophoric {{done\|2}}, or experimental {{t\|cúaq}} – are definite, but then outer quantification may be flaky: