Grammar overview - Revision history

Loekıa: Fix a typo

2024-09-17T03:15:40Z

Fix a typo

← Older revision		Revision as of 03:15, 17 September 2024
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	{{Example\|Cho jí shú ‹soaq›.\|I like the-word "garden."}}		{{Example\|Cho jí shú ‹soaq›.\|I like the-word "garden."}}
	{{Example\|~~Kúq~~ jí mó « foı jí » teo.\|I say the-words "I'm bored" (end).}}		{{Example\|Kuq jí mó « foı jí » teo.\|I say the-words "I'm bored" (end).}}

	To refer to people and things by their name, use {{t\|mí {{small caps\|word}}}} or {{t\|mímo {{small caps\|many words}} teo}}.		To refer to people and things by their name, use {{t\|mí {{small caps\|word}}}} or {{t\|mímo {{small caps\|many words}} teo}}.

Laqme: header

2024-01-02T19:38:49Z

header

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:38, 2 January 2024
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	Please don't add Derani to this page. It looks very overwhelming/distracting. I want this page to look light. I don't want beginners to worry about having to learn the script first.		Please don't add Derani to this page. It looks very overwhelming/distracting. I want this page to look light. I don't want beginners to worry about having to learn the script first.
	-->		-->
			This page offers a point-by-point overview of Toaq's grammar. It can be used as a lightweight learning material, a cheat sheet, or a sort of guided tour through the language.

			== Before we start ==
			* Make sure you've read about the [[phonology]] first.
			* Keep [[Toadua]] handy to look up words.
			* If you have any questions or suggestions, tell Laqme / ly2n on [[Discord]].

	== Sentence structure ==		== Sentence structure ==
	Toaq word order is "verb, subject, object".		Toaq word order is "verb, subject, object".

Laqme: /* "To" and serial verbs */ serial verb "formulas" and ꝡä pattern

2023-12-19T19:51:40Z

"To" and serial verbs: serial verb "formulas" and ꝡä pattern

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:51, 19 December 2023
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	We can actually make '''serial verbs''', like "learn to speak" or "intend to create", to say the same things without {{t\|lä}} or {{t\|já}}.		We can actually make '''serial verbs''', like "learn to speak" or "intend to create", to say the same things without {{t\|lä}} or {{t\|já}}.
			<blockquote>{{t\|{{green\|V₁}} S, {{green\|lä V₂ já}} O}}<br>→ {{t\|{{orange\|V₁ V₂}} S O}}</blockquote>
	{{Example\|{{orange\|Chıe zudeq}} jí Tóaqzu.\|I {{orange\|learn-to-speak}} Toaq.}}		{{Example\|{{orange\|Chıe zudeq}} jí Tóaqzu.\|I {{orange\|learn-to-speak}} Toaq.}}
	{{Example\|{{orange\|Taoshao fıeq}} nháo báq lea.\|She {{orange\|intends-to-create}} art.}}		{{Example\|{{orange\|Taoshao fıeq}} nháo báq lea.\|She {{orange\|intends-to-create}} art.}}

			Another serial verb pattern is as follows:
			<blockquote>{{t\|{{green\|V₁}} S₁, {{green\|ꝡä V₂}} S₂ O}}<br>→ {{t\|{{orange\|V₁ V₂}} S₁ S₂ O}}</blockquote>
			{{Example\|{{green\|Shoe}} jí, {{green\|ꝡä chuq súq}} báq keıke.<br>{{orange\|Shoe chuq}} jí súq báq keıke.\|I allow you to eat cake.}}

	See [[property]] and [[serial verb]] for more information.		See [[property]] and [[serial verb]] for more information.

Uakci: use template:small caps in place of real caps

2023-12-01T17:05:21Z

use template:small caps in place of real caps

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:05, 1 December 2023
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	== Names and quotes ==		== Names and quotes ==

	To refer to words, use {{t\|shú ~~WORD~~}} or {{t\|mó ~~MANY WORDS~~ teo}}.		To refer to words, use {{t\|shú {{small caps\|word}}}} or {{t\|mó {{small caps\|many words}} teo}}.

	{{Example\|Cho jí shú ‹soaq›.\|I like the-word "garden."}}		{{Example\|Cho jí shú ‹soaq›.\|I like the-word "garden."}}
	{{Example\|Kúq jí mó « foı jí » teo.\|I say the-words "I'm bored" (end).}}		{{Example\|Kúq jí mó « foı jí » teo.\|I say the-words "I'm bored" (end).}}

	To refer to people and things by their name, use {{t\|mí ~~WORD~~}} or {{t\|mímo ~~MANY WORDS~~ teo}}.		To refer to people and things by their name, use {{t\|mí {{small caps\|word}}}} or {{t\|mímo {{small caps\|many words}} teo}}.

	{{Example\|Pu geq jí mí Sara.\|I met Sara.}}		{{Example\|Pu geq jí mí Sara.\|I met Sara.}}

Uakci: remove what appears to be an empty line at the top of the page

2023-12-01T17:00:34Z

remove what appears to be an empty line at the top of the page

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	<!-- Please don't add Derani to this page. It looks very overwhelming/distracting. I want this page to look light. I don't want beginners to worry about having to learn the script first. -->		<!--
			Please don't add Derani to this page. It looks very overwhelming/distracting. I want this page to look light. I don't want beginners to worry about having to learn the script first.
			-->
	== Sentence structure ==		== Sentence structure ==
	Toaq word order is "verb, subject, object".		Toaq word order is "verb, subject, object".

Laqme: /* "To" and serial verbs */ order

2023-11-16T15:03:29Z

"To" and serial verbs: order

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:03, 16 November 2023
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	== "To" and serial verbs ==		== "To" and serial verbs ==
	To make to-clauses, like "to speak Toaq" or "to create art", use {{t\|lä}} and {{t\|já}}.		To make to-clauses, like "to speak Toaq" or "to create art", use {{t\|lä}} and {{t\|já}}.

			{{Example\|Zudeq jí Tóaqzu.\|I speak Toaq.}}
			{{Example\|Chıe jí, {{green\|lä zudeq já Tóaqzu}}.\|I learn {{green\|to speak Toaq}}.}}

	This {{t\|lä}} is another subclause-starting word like {{t\|ꝡä}}, meaning ''to''.		This {{t\|lä}} is another subclause-starting word like {{t\|ꝡä}}, meaning ''to''.
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	There isn't really an English equivalent of {{t\|já}}. You can think of it as a "hole" — it corresponds to the ''lack'' of a subject in English to-clauses. Instead of omitting the subject, in Toaq you say {{t\|já}}.		There isn't really an English equivalent of {{t\|já}}. You can think of it as a "hole" — it corresponds to the ''lack'' of a subject in English to-clauses. Instead of omitting the subject, in Toaq you say {{t\|já}}.

	~~{{Example\|Zudeq jí Tóaqzu.\|I speak Toaq.}}~~
	~~{{Example\|Chıe jí, {{green\|lä zudeq já Tóaqzu}}.\|I learn {{green\|to speak Toaq}}.}}~~
	{{Example\|Fıeq nháo báq lea.\|She creates art.}}		{{Example\|Fıeq nháo báq lea.\|She creates art.}}
	{{Example\|Taoshao nháo, {{green\|lä fıeq já báq lea}}.\|She intends {{green\|to create art}}.}}		{{Example\|Taoshao nháo, {{green\|lä fıeq já báq lea}}.\|She intends {{green\|to create art}}.}}

Laqme: /* "To" and serial verbs */ try to explain já ghgh

2023-11-16T15:03:07Z

"To" and serial verbs: try to explain já ghgh

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:03, 16 November 2023
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	== "To" and serial verbs ==		== "To" and serial verbs ==
	To make to-clauses, like "to speak Toaq" or "to create art", use {{t\|lä}} and {{t\|já}}. This {{t\|lä}} is another subclause-starting word like {{t\|ꝡä}}, ~~and it corresponds roughly~~ to ~~"to"~~. There isn't really an English equivalent of {{t\|já}}~~, but~~ it ~~goes~~ in ~~the place~~ of the ~~would-be~~ subject.		To make to-clauses, like "to speak Toaq" or "to create art", use {{t\|lä}} and {{t\|já}}.

			This {{t\|lä}} is another subclause-starting word like {{t\|ꝡä}}, meaning ''to''.

			There isn't really an English equivalent of {{t\|já}}. You can think of it as a "hole" — it corresponds to the ''lack'' of a subject in English to-clauses. Instead of omitting the subject, in Toaq you say {{t\|já}}.

	{{Example\|Zudeq jí Tóaqzu.\|I speak Toaq.}}		{{Example\|Zudeq jí Tóaqzu.\|I speak Toaq.}}

Laqme: explain lä

2023-11-16T14:50:13Z

explain lä

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:50, 16 November 2023
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	== "To" and serial verbs ==		== "To" and serial verbs ==
	To make to-clauses, like "to speak Toaq" or "to create art", use {{t\|lä}} and {{t\|já}}. There isn't really an English equivalent of {{t\|já}}, but it goes in the place of the would-be subject.		To make to-clauses, like "to speak Toaq" or "to create art", use {{t\|lä}} and {{t\|já}}. This {{t\|lä}} is another subclause-starting word like {{t\|ꝡä}}, and it corresponds roughly to "to". There isn't really an English equivalent of {{t\|já}}, but it goes in the place of the would-be subject.

	{{Example\|Zudeq jí Tóaqzu.\|I speak Toaq.}}		{{Example\|Zudeq jí Tóaqzu.\|I speak Toaq.}}

Laqme: "To" and serial verbs

2023-11-16T14:48:23Z

"To" and serial verbs

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:48, 16 November 2023
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	* If there are any question words ({{t\|ma}} or {{t\|tıo}} or {{t\|hí}}) in the main clause, it's a question ({{t\|móq}}).		* If there are any question words ({{t\|ma}} or {{t\|tıo}} or {{t\|hí}}) in the main clause, it's a question ({{t\|móq}}).
	* Otherwise, it's a statement ({{t\|da}}).		* Otherwise, it's a statement ({{t\|da}}).

			== "To" and serial verbs ==
			To make to-clauses, like "to speak Toaq" or "to create art", use {{t\|lä}} and {{t\|já}}. There isn't really an English equivalent of {{t\|já}}, but it goes in the place of the would-be subject.

			{{Example\|Zudeq jí Tóaqzu.\|I speak Toaq.}}
			{{Example\|Chıe jí, {{green\|lä zudeq já Tóaqzu}}.\|I learn {{green\|to speak Toaq}}.}}
			{{Example\|Fıeq nháo báq lea.\|She creates art.}}
			{{Example\|Taoshao nháo, {{green\|lä fıeq já báq lea}}.\|She intends {{green\|to create art}}.}}

			We can actually make '''serial verbs''', like "learn to speak" or "intend to create", to say the same things without {{t\|lä}} or {{t\|já}}.
			{{Example\|{{orange\|Chıe zudeq}} jí Tóaqzu.\|I {{orange\|learn-to-speak}} Toaq.}}
			{{Example\|{{orange\|Taoshao fıeq}} nháo báq lea.\|She {{orange\|intends-to-create}} art.}}

			See [[property]] and [[serial verb]] for more information.

Laqme: /* Clauses */ get rid of a móq

2023-11-15T14:48:42Z

Clauses: get rid of a móq

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:48, 15 November 2023
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	{{Example\|Ꝡa guaı jí.\|I work.}}		{{Example\|Ꝡa guaı jí.\|I work.}}
	{{Example\|Ma meo súq?\|Are you sad? (Whether you're sad?)}}		{{Example\|Ma meo súq?\|Are you sad? (Whether you're sad?)}}
	{{Example\|Tıo foı súq ~~móq~~?\|How bored are you?}}		{{Example\|Tıo foı súq?\|How bored are you?}}

	== Verbs and determiners ==		== Verbs and determiners ==

← Older revision		Revision as of 03:15, 17 September 2024
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	{{Example\|Cho jí shú ‹soaq›.\|I like the-word "garden."}}		{{Example\|Cho jí shú ‹soaq›.\|I like the-word "garden."}}
	{{Example\|~~Kúq~~ jí mó « foı jí » teo.\|I say the-words "I'm bored" (end).}}		{{Example\|Kuq jí mó « foı jí » teo.\|I say the-words "I'm bored" (end).}}

	To refer to people and things by their name, use {{t\|mí {{small caps\|word}}}} or {{t\|mímo {{small caps\|many words}} teo}}.		To refer to people and things by their name, use {{t\|mí {{small caps\|word}}}} or {{t\|mímo {{small caps\|many words}} teo}}.

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:51, 19 December 2023
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	We can actually make '''serial verbs''', like "learn to speak" or "intend to create", to say the same things without {{t\|lä}} or {{t\|já}}.		We can actually make '''serial verbs''', like "learn to speak" or "intend to create", to say the same things without {{t\|lä}} or {{t\|já}}.
			<blockquote>{{t\|{{green\|V₁}} S, {{green\|lä V₂ já}} O}}<br>→ {{t\|{{orange\|V₁ V₂}} S O}}</blockquote>
	{{Example\|{{orange\|Chıe zudeq}} jí Tóaqzu.\|I {{orange\|learn-to-speak}} Toaq.}}		{{Example\|{{orange\|Chıe zudeq}} jí Tóaqzu.\|I {{orange\|learn-to-speak}} Toaq.}}
	{{Example\|{{orange\|Taoshao fıeq}} nháo báq lea.\|She {{orange\|intends-to-create}} art.}}		{{Example\|{{orange\|Taoshao fıeq}} nháo báq lea.\|She {{orange\|intends-to-create}} art.}}

			Another serial verb pattern is as follows:
			<blockquote>{{t\|{{green\|V₁}} S₁, {{green\|ꝡä V₂}} S₂ O}}<br>→ {{t\|{{orange\|V₁ V₂}} S₁ S₂ O}}</blockquote>
			{{Example\|{{green\|Shoe}} jí, {{green\|ꝡä chuq súq}} báq keıke.<br>{{orange\|Shoe chuq}} jí súq báq keıke.\|I allow you to eat cake.}}

	See [[property]] and [[serial verb]] for more information.		See [[property]] and [[serial verb]] for more information.

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:05, 1 December 2023
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	== Names and quotes ==		== Names and quotes ==

	To refer to words, use {{t\|shú ~~WORD~~}} or {{t\|mó ~~MANY WORDS~~ teo}}.		To refer to words, use {{t\|shú {{small caps\|word}}}} or {{t\|mó {{small caps\|many words}} teo}}.

	{{Example\|Cho jí shú ‹soaq›.\|I like the-word "garden."}}		{{Example\|Cho jí shú ‹soaq›.\|I like the-word "garden."}}
	{{Example\|Kúq jí mó « foı jí » teo.\|I say the-words "I'm bored" (end).}}		{{Example\|Kúq jí mó « foı jí » teo.\|I say the-words "I'm bored" (end).}}

	To refer to people and things by their name, use {{t\|mí ~~WORD~~}} or {{t\|mímo ~~MANY WORDS~~ teo}}.		To refer to people and things by their name, use {{t\|mí {{small caps\|word}}}} or {{t\|mímo {{small caps\|many words}} teo}}.

	{{Example\|Pu geq jí mí Sara.\|I met Sara.}}		{{Example\|Pu geq jí mí Sara.\|I met Sara.}}

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:03, 16 November 2023
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	== "To" and serial verbs ==		== "To" and serial verbs ==
	To make to-clauses, like "to speak Toaq" or "to create art", use {{t\|lä}} and {{t\|já}}.		To make to-clauses, like "to speak Toaq" or "to create art", use {{t\|lä}} and {{t\|já}}.

			{{Example\|Zudeq jí Tóaqzu.\|I speak Toaq.}}
			{{Example\|Chıe jí, {{green\|lä zudeq já Tóaqzu}}.\|I learn {{green\|to speak Toaq}}.}}

	This {{t\|lä}} is another subclause-starting word like {{t\|ꝡä}}, meaning ''to''.		This {{t\|lä}} is another subclause-starting word like {{t\|ꝡä}}, meaning ''to''.
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	There isn't really an English equivalent of {{t\|já}}. You can think of it as a "hole" — it corresponds to the ''lack'' of a subject in English to-clauses. Instead of omitting the subject, in Toaq you say {{t\|já}}.		There isn't really an English equivalent of {{t\|já}}. You can think of it as a "hole" — it corresponds to the ''lack'' of a subject in English to-clauses. Instead of omitting the subject, in Toaq you say {{t\|já}}.

	~~{{Example\|Zudeq jí Tóaqzu.\|I speak Toaq.}}~~
	~~{{Example\|Chıe jí, {{green\|lä zudeq já Tóaqzu}}.\|I learn {{green\|to speak Toaq}}.}}~~
	{{Example\|Fıeq nháo báq lea.\|She creates art.}}		{{Example\|Fıeq nháo báq lea.\|She creates art.}}
	{{Example\|Taoshao nháo, {{green\|lä fıeq já báq lea}}.\|She intends {{green\|to create art}}.}}		{{Example\|Taoshao nháo, {{green\|lä fıeq já báq lea}}.\|She intends {{green\|to create art}}.}}

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:48, 16 November 2023
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	* If there are any question words ({{t\|ma}} or {{t\|tıo}} or {{t\|hí}}) in the main clause, it's a question ({{t\|móq}}).		* If there are any question words ({{t\|ma}} or {{t\|tıo}} or {{t\|hí}}) in the main clause, it's a question ({{t\|móq}}).
	* Otherwise, it's a statement ({{t\|da}}).		* Otherwise, it's a statement ({{t\|da}}).

			== "To" and serial verbs ==
			To make to-clauses, like "to speak Toaq" or "to create art", use {{t\|lä}} and {{t\|já}}. There isn't really an English equivalent of {{t\|já}}, but it goes in the place of the would-be subject.

			{{Example\|Zudeq jí Tóaqzu.\|I speak Toaq.}}
			{{Example\|Chıe jí, {{green\|lä zudeq já Tóaqzu}}.\|I learn {{green\|to speak Toaq}}.}}
			{{Example\|Fıeq nháo báq lea.\|She creates art.}}
			{{Example\|Taoshao nháo, {{green\|lä fıeq já báq lea}}.\|She intends {{green\|to create art}}.}}

			We can actually make '''serial verbs''', like "learn to speak" or "intend to create", to say the same things without {{t\|lä}} or {{t\|já}}.
			{{Example\|{{orange\|Chıe zudeq}} jí Tóaqzu.\|I {{orange\|learn-to-speak}} Toaq.}}
			{{Example\|{{orange\|Taoshao fıeq}} nháo báq lea.\|She {{orange\|intends-to-create}} art.}}

			See [[property]] and [[serial verb]] for more information.