Negation - Revision history

Laqme: Scope diagrams

2024-05-09T13:11:09Z

Scope diagrams

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:11, 9 May 2024
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	If we want to say "not all those who wander are lost", we might accidentally say:		If we want to say "not all those who wander are lost", we might accidentally say:
	{{~~Example~~\|~~<ruby>~~Bu~~<rt>not</rt></ruby> <ruby>~~tıeqbıao<~~rt>lost</rt></ruby> <ruby~~>tú~~<rt>each~~</rt><~~/ruby~~> <~~ruby~~>neqkoı<rt>~~wanderer~~<~~/rt~~></~~ruby~~>.<br>~~= Tú neqkoı nä, bu tıeqbıao néqkoı.\|~~Each wanderer is non-lost. 😱}}		<blockquote>
			{{Scope\|1=red\|2=Bu tıeqbıao <b>tú</b> neqkoı.}}<br>{{Scope\|1=red\|2=<small>∀ neqkoı</small> Bu tıeqbıao <b>néqkoı</b>.}}<br>Each wanderer is non-lost. 😱</blockquote>
	To get the right meaning, we have to instead say		To get the right meaning, we have to instead say
	{{~~Example~~\|Bu tıeqbıao sá neqkoı.\|Some wanderers are non-lost.}}		<blockquote>
			{{Scope\|1=red\|2=Bu tıeqbıao <b>sá</b> neqkoı.}}<br>{{Scope\|1=red\|2=<small>∃ neqkoı</small> Bu tıeqbıao <b>néqkoı</b>.}}<br>Some wanderers are non-lost.</blockquote>
	Or we can use the verb {{t\|sahu}} "to be false":		Or we can use the verb {{t\|sahu}} "to be false":
	{{~~Example~~\|Sahu, ꝡä tıeqbıao tú neqkoı.\|It's false that each wanderer is lost.}}		<blockquote>
			{{Scope\|1=red\|2=Sahu, {{Scope\|#09f\|<b>ꝡä</b> tıeqbıao <b>tú</b> neqkoı.}}}}<br>{{Scope\|1=red\|2=Sahu, {{Scope\|#09f\|<small>∀ neqkoı</small> <b>ꝡä</b> tıeqbıao <b>néqkoı</b>.}}}}<br>It's false that each wanderer is lost.</blockquote>

	=== Tenses ===		=== Tenses ===

Laqme: fix Connectives section

2024-05-03T23:08:28Z

fix Connectives section

← Older revision		Revision as of 23:08, 3 May 2024
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	=== Connectives ===		=== Connectives ===
	~~[[File:bukiamaqruluemaq.png\|300px\|thumb\|right\|Kuna's parse tree.]]~~		Officially, {{t\|rú}} is described as joining TPs, but what this actually boils down to is {{t\|rú}} joins the highest phrase under a CP. In particular, {{t\|rú}} scopes over negation: {{t\|Bu kıa máq rú lue máq}} means "It's not red, and it ''is'' yellow."

	Officially, {{t\|rú}} is described as joining TPs, so {{t\|~~Bu kıa máq~~ rú ~~lue máq~~}} ~~means "It's false that [it's red and it's yellow]"~~, ~~i.e. it's neither red nor yellow.~~

	~~[[Kuna]] currently has~~ {{t\|rú}} ~~joining ΣPs, so that~~ {{t\|Bu kıa máq rú lue máq}} means "It's not red, and it ''is'' yellow."

	<small>(TODO: resolve this? My intuition is lined up with pómı Kuna, and I'd repeat {{t\|bu}} to say the other thing. But another option is to say that {{t\|rú}} joins the smallest constituent on the right that's bigger than a verb, so {{t\|bu kıa máq rú lue máq}} is vP-rú-vP and {{t\|bu kıa máq rú <u>jeo</u> lue máq}} is how you achieve ΣP-rú-ΣP. [[User:Lynn\|Lynn]] ([[User talk:Lynn\|talk]]) 11:39, 30 March 2024 (UTC))</small>

Laqme: More negation scope notes

2024-03-30T11:39:39Z

More negation scope notes

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:39, 30 March 2024
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	== Scope ==		== Scope ==
			=== Quantifiers ===

	The [[scope]] interactions with [[quantifier]]s can be surprising. Remember that quantifiers "float up" to the top of the clause, above {{t\|bu}}.		The [[scope]] interactions with [[quantifier]]s can be surprising. Remember that quantifiers "float up" to the top of the clause, above {{t\|bu}}.

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	{{Example\|Sahu, ꝡä tıeqbıao tú neqkoı.\|It's false that each wanderer is lost.}}		{{Example\|Sahu, ꝡä tıeqbıao tú neqkoı.\|It's false that each wanderer is lost.}}

			=== Tenses ===
	Here is how {{t\|bu}} interacts with quantifiers and tenses:		Here is how {{t\|bu}} interacts with quantifiers and tenses:

	{{Example\|Mala bu chuq tú raı báq nam.\|For each X: X has ever not-eaten bread.}}		{{Example\|Mala bu chuq tú raı báq nam.\|For each X: X has ever not-eaten bread.}}
	{{Example\|Bu mala chuq tú raı báq nam.\|For each X: X hasn't ever eaten bread.}}		{{Example\|Bu mala chuq tú raı báq nam.\|For each X: X hasn't ever eaten bread.}}

			=== Adverbs ===
			{{t\|bu}} scopes over adverbs, so you can't say {{t\|Bu guaı nháo dûo sá joa}} to mean "he hasn't worked all week." Instead, this sentence means "it's false that he works for a week." See [[Adverbs are low]].

			=== Connectives ===
			[[File:bukiamaqruluemaq.png\|300px\|thumb\|right\|Kuna's parse tree.]]

			Officially, {{t\|rú}} is described as joining TPs, so {{t\|Bu kıa máq rú lue máq}} means "It's false that [it's red and it's yellow]", i.e. it's neither red nor yellow.

			[[Kuna]] currently has {{t\|rú}} joining ΣPs, so that {{t\|Bu kıa máq rú lue máq}} means "It's not red, and it ''is'' yellow."

			<small>(TODO: resolve this? My intuition is lined up with pómı Kuna, and I'd repeat {{t\|bu}} to say the other thing. But another option is to say that {{t\|rú}} joins the smallest constituent on the right that's bigger than a verb, so {{t\|bu kıa máq rú lue máq}} is vP-rú-vP and {{t\|bu kıa máq rú <u>jeo</u> lue máq}} is how you achieve ΣP-rú-ΣP. [[User:Lynn\|Lynn]] ([[User talk:Lynn\|talk]]) 11:39, 30 March 2024 (UTC))</small>

Laqme: /* Scope */

2023-08-29T15:59:38Z

Scope

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:59, 29 August 2023
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	To get the right meaning, we have to instead say		To get the right meaning, we have to instead say
	{{Example\|Bu tıeqbıao sá neqkoı.\|Some wanderers are non-lost.}}		{{Example\|Bu tıeqbıao sá neqkoı.\|Some wanderers are non-lost.}}
			Or we can use the verb {{t\|sahu}} "to be false":
	{{Example\|Sahu, ꝡä tıeqbıao tú neqkoı.\|It's false that each wanderer is lost.}}		{{Example\|Sahu, ꝡä tıeqbıao tú neqkoı.\|It's false that each wanderer is lost.}}

Laqme: /* Scope */

2023-08-29T15:58:40Z

Scope

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:58, 29 August 2023
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	If we want to say "not all those who wander are lost", we might accidentally say:		If we want to say "not all those who wander are lost", we might accidentally say:
	{{Example\|Bu tıeqbıao tú neqkoı.<br>= Tú neqkoı nä, bu tıeqbıao néqkoı.\|Each wanderer is non-lost. 😱}}		{{Example\|<ruby>Bu<rt>not</rt></ruby> <ruby>tıeqbıao<rt>lost</rt></ruby> <ruby>tú<rt>each</rt></ruby> <ruby>neqkoı<rt>wanderer</rt></ruby>.<br>= Tú neqkoı nä, bu tıeqbıao néqkoı.\|Each wanderer is non-lost. 😱}}
	To get the right meaning, we have to instead say		To get the right meaning, we have to instead say
	{{Example\|Bu tıeqbıao sá neqkoı.\|Some wanderers are non-lost.}}		{{Example\|Bu tıeqbıao sá neqkoı.\|Some wanderers are non-lost.}}

Laqme: Created page with "In Toaq, negation is expressed with {{t|bu}}, which can come before tenses, aspects, or verbs. == Scope == The scope interactions with quantifiers can be surprising. Remember that quantifiers "float up" to the top of the clause, above {{t|bu}}. If we want to say "not all those who wander are lost", we might accidentally say: {{Example|Bu tıeqbıao tú neqkoı.
= Tú neqkoı nä, bu tıeqbıao néqkoı.|Each wanderer is non-lost. 😱}} To get the rig..."

2023-08-29T15:48:14Z

Created page with "In Toaq, negation is expressed with {{t|bu}}, which can come before tenses, aspects, or verbs. == Scope == The scope interactions with quantifiers can be surprising. Remember that quantifiers "float up" to the top of the clause, above {{t|bu}}. If we want to say "not all those who wander are lost", we might accidentally say: {{Example|Bu tıeqbıao tú neqkoı.<br>= Tú neqkoı nä, bu tıeqbıao néqkoı.|Each wanderer is non-lost. 😱}} To get the rig..."

New page

In Toaq, negation is expressed with {{t|bu}}, which can come before tenses, aspects, or verbs.

== Scope ==
The [[scope]] interactions with [[quantifier]]s can be surprising. Remember that quantifiers "float up" to the top of the clause, above {{t|bu}}.

If we want to say "not all those who wander are lost", we might accidentally say:
{{Example|Bu tıeqbıao tú neqkoı.<br>= Tú neqkoı nä, bu tıeqbıao néqkoı.|Each wanderer is non-lost. 😱}}
To get the right meaning, we have to instead say
{{Example|Bu tıeqbıao sá neqkoı.|Some wanderers are non-lost.}}
{{Example|Sahu, ꝡä tıeqbıao tú neqkoı.|It's false that each wanderer is lost.}}

Here is how {{t|bu}} interacts with quantifiers and tenses:

{{Example|Mala bu chuq tú raı báq nam.|For each X: X has ever not-eaten bread.}}
{{Example|Bu mala chuq tú raı báq nam.|For each X: X hasn't ever eaten bread.}}