Scope - Revision history

Laqme: wording

2024-07-23T16:08:09Z

wording

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:08, 23 July 2024
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	</blockquote>		</blockquote>

	The [[event accessor]] verb {{t\|ë}} creates a scope boundary to its ~~right~~.		The [[event accessor]] verb {{t\|ë}} creates a scope boundary for its clause.

	<blockquote>		<blockquote>

Laqme: Add ë example

2024-07-23T16:07:13Z

Add ë example

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:07, 23 July 2024
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	</blockquote>		</blockquote>

	The cleft verb {{t\|nä}} creates a scope boundary to its right.		The [[cleft verb]] {{t\|nä}} creates a scope boundary to its right.

	<blockquote>		<blockquote>
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	“If magic were real, there would be unicorns one could meet.”<br>		“If magic were real, there would be unicorns one could meet.”<br>
	('''not:''' “There are some unicorns ''x'', that if magic were real, one could meet ''x''.”)		('''not:''' “There are some unicorns ''x'', that if magic were real, one could meet ''x''.”)
			</blockquote>

			The [[event accessor]] verb {{t\|ë}} creates a scope boundary to its right.

			<blockquote>
			{{Scope\|red\|2=<b>Ꝡa</b> luı ca ní zuetue {{Scope\|#0a0\|<b>é</b> jaı <b>sía</b> choaq}} da.}}
			<br>
			“This emergency has caused <u>that no guest is happy</u>.”<br>
			('''not:''' “This emergency hasn't caused any guest's happiness.”)
	</blockquote>		</blockquote>

Laqme: nä

2024-05-30T15:36:54Z

nä

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:36, 30 May 2024
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	“Have you seen the picture <u>of everyone</u>?”<br>		“Have you seen the picture <u>of everyone</u>?”<br>
	('''not:''' “Have you, for all ''x'', seen ''x''’s picture?”)		('''not:''' “Have you, for all ''x'', seen ''x''’s picture?”)
			</blockquote>

			The cleft verb {{t\|nä}} creates a scope boundary to its right.

			<blockquote>
			{{Scope\|red\|2=<b>Ꝡa</b> êa, {{Scope\|#09f\|<b>ꝡä</b> jıq báq majı,}} {{Scope\|#0a0\|<b>nä</b> geq há <b>sá shıtuaq</b>}} da.}}<br>
			“If magic were real, there would be unicorns one could meet.”<br>
			('''not:''' “There are some unicorns ''x'', that if magic were real, one could meet ''x''.”)
	</blockquote>		</blockquote>

Laqme: po scope

2024-05-15T14:24:27Z

po scope

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:24, 15 May 2024
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	A phrase's '''scope''' is the ~~part~~ of the sentence ~~that~~ that phrase's ~~semantics apply to~~.		A phrase's '''scope''' is the region of the sentence in which that phrase's meaning applies.

			== Quantifier scope ==


	<div class="figure" style="text-align:center;margin:0em 1em">		<div class="figure" style="text-align:center;margin:0em 1em">
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	</div>		</div>

	~~For example, the scope of a~~ [[determiner]] ~~that~~ introduces a logical quantifier is the ''smallest'' [[clause]] it's in. This means that the interpretation of the quantification happens in that smallest clause, and not at the level of the entire sentence:		A [[determiner]] introduces a logical quantifier whose scope is the ''smallest'' [[clause]] it's in. This means that the interpretation of the quantification happens in that smallest clause, and not at the level of the entire sentence:

	<blockquote>		<blockquote>
	{{t\|Shoe jí ~~{{vy}}ä~~ kuq súq <u>sía</u> raı da.}}<br>		{{t\|Shoe jí ꝡä kuq súq <u>sía</u> raı da.}}<br>
	'''means:''' “I allow you to say <u>nothing</u>.” (i.e. I allow you to shut up)<br>		'''means:''' “I allow you to say <u>nothing</u>.” (i.e. I allow you to shut up)<br>
	'''not:''' ❌ “There is nothing that I allow you to say.”		'''not:''' ❌ “There is nothing that I allow you to say.”
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	Here, the scope of {{t\|sía}} is the clause “{{t\|{{vy}}ä kuq súq sía raı}}”.		Here, the scope of {{t\|sía}} is the clause “{{t\|{{vy}}ä kuq súq sía raı}}”.

			=== What creates scope boundaries? ===
			Scope boundaries are created by complementizers like {{t\|ꝡä}} and {{t\|mä}}, but also by certain other words.

			[[Object incorporation]] creates a small scope boundary for just the verb and the incorporated object.

			<blockquote>
			{{Scope\|red\|<b>Ꝡa</b> he pua báq poq {{Scope\|#ea0\|joe <b>tû</b> raı}} <b>sía</b> raı da.}}<br>
			“People <u>who are good at everything</u> don't enjoy anything.”<br>
			('''not:''' “For all ''x'', people who are good at ''x'' don't enjoy anything.”)
			</blockquote>

			Similarly, any [[predicatizer]] ({{t\|po, jeı, mea}}) creates a small scope boundary for itself and its incorporated object.

			<blockquote>
			{{Scope\|red\|<b>Ma</b> mala kaqgaı súq fóto {{Scope\|#ea0\|<b>po</b> <b>tú</b> poq}} móq?}}<br>
			“Have you seen the picture <u>of everyone</u>?”<br>
			('''not:''' “Have you, for all ''x'', seen ''x''’s picture?”)
			</blockquote>

	== Clefting and scope ==		== Clefting and scope ==
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	See [https://toaq.net/refgram/syntax/#the_cleft_verb The cleft verb] in the [[refgram]].		See [https://toaq.net/refgram/syntax/#the_cleft_verb The cleft verb] in the [[refgram]].

			<!--
	== "Scoping over" ==		== "Scoping over" ==
	For two phrases X and Y, if the scope of X fully includes the scope of Y, then we say “X '''scopes over''' Y”.		For two phrases X and Y, if the scope of X fully includes the scope of Y, then we say “X '''scopes over''' Y”.
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	This amounts to a claim about the ''order'' to apply their respective semantics in.		This amounts to a claim about the ''order'' to apply their respective semantics in.

	~~<!--~~ For example: [[adverbial\|high adverbials]] "scope over" the verb of the clause they're in. Thus, the sentence {{t\|Dảı ní bũ da}} is interpreted as <math>\neg \text{possible}(\text{this})</math> “this isn't possible” rather than <math>\text{possible}(\neg \text{this})</math> “this is possibly false”. -->		For example: [[adverbial\|high adverbials]] "scope over" the verb of the clause they're in. Thus, the sentence {{t\|Dảı ní bũ da}} is interpreted as <math>\neg \text{possible}(\text{this})</math> “this isn't possible” rather than <math>\text{possible}(\neg \text{this})</math> “this is possibly false”. -->

	== Scope creep ==		== Scope creep ==
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	However, the {{t\|{{vy}}ä}} clause that was limiting the scope of {{t\|sía}} is now gone, which means that {{t\|sía}} scopes over the whole sentence. The meaning of the sentence is thereby changed to ''“There is nothing that I allow you to say”''.		However, the {{t\|{{vy}}ä}} clause that was limiting the scope of {{t\|sía}} is now gone, which means that {{t\|sía}} scopes over the whole sentence. The meaning of the sentence is thereby changed to ''“There is nothing that I allow you to say”''.

			== See also ==
			* [[Negation]]

Laqme: shade of blue

2024-05-09T13:12:16Z

shade of blue

Laqme: Use Scope template

2024-05-09T13:01:58Z

Use Scope template

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:01, 9 May 2024
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	<div class="figure" style="text-align:center;margin:0em 1em">		<div class="figure" style="text-align:center;margin:0em 1em">
	~~<div class="toaq" style="display:inline-block;border:1px dashed~~ red~~;margin:2px;padding:4px;">~~		{{Scope\|red\|<b>Ꝡa</b> chı sá poq, {{Scope\|#0bf\|<b>ꝡä</b> faq tú huı kûı sá raı.}}}}
	<b ~~style="color:red"~~>Ꝡa</b> chı sá poq, ~~<div style="display:inline-block;border:1px dashed~~ #~~00b0ff;margin:2px;padding:4px;">~~<b ~~style="color:#00b0ff"~~>ꝡä</b> faq tú huı kûı sá raı.~~</div>~~
	~~</div>~~
	<p style="margin:2px 2px 2em;font-size:12px">[[Complementizer]]s create scopes.</p>		<p style="margin:2px 2px 2em;font-size:12px">[[Complementizer]]s create scopes.</p>
	~~<div class="toaq" style="display:inline-block;border:1px dashed~~ red~~;margin:2px;padding:4px;">~~		{{Scope\|red\|Ꝡa chı <b>sá</b> poq, {{Scope\|#0bf\|ꝡä faq <b>tú</b> huı kûı <b>sá</b> raı.}}}}
	Ꝡa chı <b ~~style="color:red"><ruby~~>sá~~</ruby>~~</b> poq, ~~<div style="display:inline-block;border:1px dashed~~ #~~00b0ff;margin:2px;padding:4px;">~~ꝡä faq <b ~~style="color:#00b0ff"~~>tú</b> huı kûı <b ~~style="color:#00b0ff"~~>sá</b> raı.~~</div>~~
	~~</div>~~
	<p style="margin:2px 2px 2em;font-size:12px">[[Determiner]]s are limited by scopes.</p>		<p style="margin:2px 2px 2em;font-size:12px">[[Determiner]]s are limited by scopes.</p>
	~~<div class="toaq" style="display:inline-block;border:1px dashed~~ red~~;margin:2px;padding:4px;">~~		{{Scope\|red\|<small>∃ poq:</small> Ꝡa chı <b>póq</b>, {{Scope\|#0bf\|<small>∀ huı: ∃ raı:</small> ꝡä faq <b>húı</b> kûı <b>ráı</b>.}}}}
	<~~span style="color:red;font-size:12px"~~>∃ poq:</~~span~~> Ꝡa chı <b>póq</b>, ~~<div style="display:inline-block;border:1px dashed~~ #~~00b0ff;margin:2px;padding:4px;">~~<~~span style="color:#00b0ff;font-size:12px"~~>∀ huı: ∃ raı:</~~span~~> ꝡä faq <b>húı</b> kûı <b>ráı</b>.~~</div>~~
	~~</div>~~
	<p style="margin:2px;font-size:12px">Determiners imply [[quantifier]]s at the start of the scope.</p>		<p style="margin:2px;font-size:12px">Determiners imply [[quantifier]]s at the start of the scope.</p>
	</div>		</div>
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	== Scope creep ==		== Scope creep ==
	<div class="figure" style="text-align:center">		<div class="figure" style="text-align:center">
	~~<div class="toaq" style="display:inline-block;border:1px dashed~~ red~~;margin:2px;padding:4px;">~~		{{Scope\|red\|<b>Ꝡa</b> shoe jí, {{Scope\|#0bf\|<b>ꝡä</b> kuq súq <b>sía</b> raı.}}}}
	<b ~~style="color:red"~~>Ꝡa</b> shoe jí, ~~<div style="display:inline-block;border:1px dashed~~ #~~00b0ff;margin:2px;padding:4px;">~~<b ~~style="color:#00b0ff"~~>ꝡä</b> kuq súq <b ~~style="color:#00b0ff"~~>sía</b> raı.~~</div>~~
	~~</div>~~
	<p style="margin:2px 2px 2em;font-size:12px">{{t\|Sía}} has its scope limited by {{t\|ꝡä}}.</p>		<p style="margin:2px 2px 2em;font-size:12px">{{t\|Sía}} has its scope limited by {{t\|ꝡä}}.</p>
	~~<div class="toaq" style="display:inline-block;border:1px dashed~~ red~~;margin:2px;padding:4px;">~~		{{Scope\|red\|<b>Ꝡa</b> shoe kuq jí súq <b>sía</b> raı.}}
	<b ~~style="color:red"~~>Ꝡa</b> shoe kuq jí súq <b ~~style="color:red"~~>sía</b> raı.
	~~</div>~~
	<p style="margin:2px;font-size:12px">Removing {{t\|ꝡä}} changes the scope.</p>		<p style="margin:2px;font-size:12px">Removing {{t\|ꝡä}} changes the scope.</p>
	</div>		</div>

Laqme: mobile-friendly

2024-05-08T15:04:08Z

mobile-friendly

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:04, 8 May 2024
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	<div style="~~float:right;background:#00000010;border:1px solid #00000020;~~text-align:center;~~padding~~:~~8px~~">		A phrase's '''scope''' is the part of the sentence that that phrase's semantics apply to.

			<div class="figure" style="text-align:center;margin:0em 1em">
	<div class="toaq" style="display:inline-block;border:1px dashed red;margin:2px;padding:4px;">		<div class="toaq" style="display:inline-block;border:1px dashed red;margin:2px;padding:4px;">
	<b style="color:red">Ꝡa</b> chı sá poq, <div style="display:inline-block;border:1px dashed #00b0ff;margin:2px;padding:4px;"><b style="color:#00b0ff">ꝡä</b> faq tú huı kûı sá raı.</div>		<b style="color:red">Ꝡa</b> chı sá poq, <div style="display:inline-block;border:1px dashed #00b0ff;margin:2px;padding:4px;"><b style="color:#00b0ff">ꝡä</b> faq tú huı kûı sá raı.</div>
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	<p style="margin:2px;font-size:12px">Determiners imply [[quantifier]]s at the start of the scope.</p>		<p style="margin:2px;font-size:12px">Determiners imply [[quantifier]]s at the start of the scope.</p>
	</div>		</div>

	~~A phrase's '''scope''' is the part of the sentence that that phrase's semantics apply to.~~

	For example, the scope of a [[determiner]] that introduces a logical quantifier is the ''smallest'' [[clause]] it's in. This means that the interpretation of the quantification happens in that smallest clause, and not at the level of the entire sentence:		For example, the scope of a [[determiner]] that introduces a logical quantifier is the ''smallest'' [[clause]] it's in. This means that the interpretation of the quantification happens in that smallest clause, and not at the level of the entire sentence:
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	== Scope creep ==		== Scope creep ==
	<div style="~~float:right;background:#00000010;border:1px solid #00000020;~~text-align:center~~;padding:8px~~">		<div class="figure" style="text-align:center">
	<div class="toaq" style="display:inline-block;border:1px dashed red;margin:2px;padding:4px;">		<div class="toaq" style="display:inline-block;border:1px dashed red;margin:2px;padding:4px;">
	<b style="color:red">Ꝡa</b> shoe jí, <div style="display:inline-block;border:1px dashed #00b0ff;margin:2px;padding:4px;"><b style="color:#00b0ff">ꝡä</b> kuq súq <b style="color:#00b0ff">sía</b> raı.</div>		<b style="color:red">Ꝡa</b> shoe jí, <div style="display:inline-block;border:1px dashed #00b0ff;margin:2px;padding:4px;"><b style="color:#00b0ff">ꝡä</b> kuq súq <b style="color:#00b0ff">sía</b> raı.</div>

Laqme: add diagrams

2024-05-08T14:22:01Z

add diagrams

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+<div style="float:right;background:#00000010;border:1px solid #00000020;text-align:center;padding:8px">
 A phrase's '''scope''' is the part of the sentence that that phrase's semantics apply to.
@@ Line 31: / Line 44: @@
 == Scope creep ==
 One common mistake is to rephrase sentences involving {{t|{{vy}}ä}} using a [[serial verb]], under the impression that the meaning stays the same:

Laqme: add rephrasings

2023-10-15T17:05:21Z

add rephrasings

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:05, 15 October 2023
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	<blockquote>		<blockquote>
	{{t\|Shoe jí {{vy}}ä kuq súq <u>sía</u> raı da.}}<br>		{{t\|Shoe jí {{vy}}ä kuq súq <u>sía</u> raı da.}}<br>
	'''means:''' “I allow you to say <u>nothing</u>.”<br>		'''means:''' “I allow you to say <u>nothing</u>.” (i.e. I allow you to shut up)<br>
	'''not:''' ❌ “There is nothing that I allow you to say.”		'''not:''' ❌ “There is nothing that I allow you to say.”
	</blockquote>		</blockquote>
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	<blockquote>		<blockquote>
	{{t\|<u>Sía raı nä</u> shoe jí {{vy}}ä kuq súq ráı da.}}<br>		{{t\|<u>Sía raı nä</u> shoe jí {{vy}}ä kuq súq ráı da.}}<br>
	<u>There is nothing that</u> I allow you to say.		<u>There is nothing that</u> I allow you to say. (i.e. I ban you from talking)
	</blockquote>		</blockquote>

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	<blockquote>		<blockquote>
	{{t\|Shoe jí {{vy}}ä kuq súq sía raı da.}}<br>		{{t\|Shoe jí {{vy}}ä kuq súq sía raı da.}}<br>
	“I allow you to say nothing.”<br>		“I allow you to say nothing.” (I allow you to shut up)<br>
	→ 🤔 {{t\|<u>Shoe kuq</u> jí súq sía raı da.}}<br>		→ 🤔 {{t\|<u>Shoe kuq</u> jí súq sía raı da.}}<br>
	“I allow-to-say you nothing(?)”		“I allow-to-say you nothing.” (I ban you from talking)
	</blockquote>		</blockquote>

	However, the {{t\|{{vy}}ä}} clause that was limiting the scope of {{t\|sía}} is now gone, which means that {{t\|sía}} scopes over the whole sentence. The meaning of the sentence is thereby changed to ''“There is nothing that I allow you to say”''.		However, the {{t\|{{vy}}ä}} clause that was limiting the scope of {{t\|sía}} is now gone, which means that {{t\|sía}} scopes over the whole sentence. The meaning of the sentence is thereby changed to ''“There is nothing that I allow you to say”''.

Laqme: actually everybody makes this mistake

2023-10-15T17:01:17Z

actually everybody makes this mistake

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:01, 15 October 2023
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	== Scope creep ==		== Scope creep ==
	One common ~~beginner~~ mistake is to rephrase sentences involving {{t\|{{vy}}ä}} using a [[serial verb]], under the impression that the meaning stays the same:		One common mistake is to rephrase sentences involving {{t\|{{vy}}ä}} using a [[serial verb]], under the impression that the meaning stays the same:

	<blockquote>		<blockquote>

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:12, 9 May 2024
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	<div class="figure" style="text-align:center;margin:0em 1em">		<div class="figure" style="text-align:center;margin:0em 1em">
	{{Scope\|red\|<b>Ꝡa</b> chı sá poq, {{Scope\|#~~0bf~~\|<b>ꝡä</b> faq tú huı kûı sá raı.}}}}		{{Scope\|red\|<b>Ꝡa</b> chı sá poq, {{Scope\|#09f\|<b>ꝡä</b> faq tú huı kûı sá raı.}}}}
	<p style="margin:2px 2px 2em;font-size:12px">[[Complementizer]]s create scopes.</p>		<p style="margin:2px 2px 2em;font-size:12px">[[Complementizer]]s create scopes.</p>
	{{Scope\|red\|Ꝡa chı <b>sá</b> poq, {{Scope\|#~~0bf~~\|ꝡä faq <b>tú</b> huı kûı <b>sá</b> raı.}}}}		{{Scope\|red\|Ꝡa chı <b>sá</b> poq, {{Scope\|#09f\|ꝡä faq <b>tú</b> huı kûı <b>sá</b> raı.}}}}
	<p style="margin:2px 2px 2em;font-size:12px">[[Determiner]]s are limited by scopes.</p>		<p style="margin:2px 2px 2em;font-size:12px">[[Determiner]]s are limited by scopes.</p>
	{{Scope\|red\|<small>∃ poq:</small> Ꝡa chı <b>póq</b>, {{Scope\|#~~0bf~~\|<small>∀ huı: ∃ raı:</small> ꝡä faq <b>húı</b> kûı <b>ráı</b>.}}}}		{{Scope\|red\|<small>∃ poq:</small> Ꝡa chı <b>póq</b>, {{Scope\|#09f\|<small>∀ huı: ∃ raı:</small> ꝡä faq <b>húı</b> kûı <b>ráı</b>.}}}}
	<p style="margin:2px;font-size:12px">Determiners imply [[quantifier]]s at the start of the scope.</p>		<p style="margin:2px;font-size:12px">Determiners imply [[quantifier]]s at the start of the scope.</p>
	</div>		</div>
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	== Scope creep ==		== Scope creep ==
	<div class="figure" style="text-align:center">		<div class="figure" style="text-align:center">
	{{Scope\|red\|<b>Ꝡa</b> shoe jí, {{Scope\|#~~0bf~~\|<b>ꝡä</b> kuq súq <b>sía</b> raı.}}}}		{{Scope\|red\|<b>Ꝡa</b> shoe jí, {{Scope\|#09f\|<b>ꝡä</b> kuq súq <b>sía</b> raı.}}}}
	<p style="margin:2px 2px 2em;font-size:12px">{{t\|Sía}} has its scope limited by {{t\|ꝡä}}.</p>		<p style="margin:2px 2px 2em;font-size:12px">{{t\|Sía}} has its scope limited by {{t\|ꝡä}}.</p>
	{{Scope\|red\|<b>Ꝡa</b> shoe kuq jí súq <b>sía</b> raı.}}		{{Scope\|red\|<b>Ꝡa</b> shoe kuq jí súq <b>sía</b> raı.}}