Simple Focus - Revision history

Laqme: Hoemaı comment

2024-05-02T00:34:37Z

Hoemaı comment

← Older revision		Revision as of 00:34, 2 May 2024
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	'''Simple Focus''' is a proposed simplifying reform of how [[focus]] and [[focus particle]]s work in Toaq Delta.		'''Simple Focus''' is a proposed simplifying reform of how [[focus]] and [[focus particle]]s work in Toaq Delta. [[Hoemaı]] has said<ref>https://discord.com/channels/311223912044167168/311223912044167168/1206242053667819531</ref> it "looks entirely reasonable."

	== Official rules ==		== Official rules ==

Laqme: cat

2023-12-12T17:17:20Z

cat

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:17, 12 December 2023
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	== Footnotes ==		== Footnotes ==

	[[Category:~~Reforms~~]]		[[Category:Proposals]]

Laqme: /* What about V? */ explain what's so weird about it

2023-12-06T18:44:47Z

What about V?: explain what's so weird about it

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:44, 6 December 2023
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	If we follow the rule about {{t\|kú}} to its logical conclusion, we end up with {{t\|kú verb}} meaning something a little surprising — it's probably unintuitive if you don't know Toaq [[syntax]].		If we follow the rule about {{t\|kú}} to its logical conclusion, we end up with {{t\|kú verb}} meaning something a little surprising — it's probably unintuitive if you don't know Toaq [[syntax]].

	~~{{Example\|Leo kú rıatua jí héqma.\|I'm trying to '''''open the container'''''.<br><small>~~{{t\|kú}} ~~precedes the verb~~ {{t\|~~rıatua~~}}, ~~so the VP~~ {{t\|~~rıatua … héqma~~}} is ~~focused~~.~~</small>}}~~		If {{t\|kú D}} (determiner) focuses a DP (determiner phrase), and {{t\|kú C}} (complementizer) focuses a CP (complementizer phrase), then logically {{t\|kú V}} (verb) focuses a VP (verb phrase), which is a combination of verb and object that's usually disjoint in [[Deep_structure_and_surface_structure\|surface-level]] Toaq.

	It's good to have an interpretation for this placement, but it might be better to limit the placement of {{t\|kú}} to only those heads/phrases that have more obvious boundaries.		{{Example\|Leo kú <u>rıatua</u> jí <u>héqma</u>.\|I'm trying to '''''open the container'''''.<br><small>{{t\|kú}} precedes the verb {{t\|rıatua}}, so the VP {{t\|rıatua … héqma}} is focused.</small>}}

			It's good to have ''some'' interpretation for this placement, but it might be better to limit the placement of {{t\|kú}} to only those heads/phrases that have more obvious boundaries.

	== Footnotes ==		== Footnotes ==

	[[Category:Reforms]]		[[Category:Reforms]]

Laqme: /* Proposed simplified rules */ clarify

2023-11-16T12:23:38Z

Proposed simplified rules: clarify

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:23, 16 November 2023
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	# Attaching a focus prefix {{t\|ku-}} to a single word ''always'' focuses just that word.		# Attaching a focus prefix {{t\|ku-}} to a single word ''always'' focuses just that word.
	# Placing a focus word {{t\|kú}} before a head ''always'' focuses the whole [[phrase]] that it projects.		# Placing a focus word {{t\|kú}} before a head ''always'' focuses the whole [[phrase]] that it projects.
	#* ~~This~~ means {{t\|kú <u>sá hao</u>}} and {{t\|kú <u>râo níchaq</u>}} and {{t\|kú <u>ꝡä nuo jí</u>}} focus that whole constituent.		#* That is: {{t\|kú}} before a determiner (D) focuses the DP, {{t\|kú}} before a complementizer (C) focuses the CP…
			#* Basically, this means {{t\|kú <u>sá hao</u>}} and {{t\|kú <u>râo níchaq</u>}} and {{t\|kú <u>ꝡä nuo jí</u>}} focus that whole underlined constituent.
	# There is no tone-stealing. You'll never see {{t\|kû}} or {{t\|kü}} or {{t\|ku}}.		# There is no tone-stealing. You'll never see {{t\|kû}} or {{t\|kü}} or {{t\|ku}}.

Laqme: examples header

2023-11-16T12:16:25Z

examples header

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:16, 16 November 2023
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	# There is no tone-stealing. You'll never see {{t\|kû}} or {{t\|kü}} or {{t\|ku}}.		# There is no tone-stealing. You'll never see {{t\|kû}} or {{t\|kü}} or {{t\|ku}}.

	Examples:		== Examples ==

	{{Example\|Chuq jí béı ké shamu.\|(No,) it was '''''the apple''''' that I ate.<br><small>{{t\|béı}} precedes a determiner {{t\|ké}}, so the whole DP is focused.</small>}}		{{Example\|Chuq jí béı ké shamu.\|(No,) it was '''''the apple''''' that I ate.<br><small>{{t\|béı}} precedes a determiner {{t\|ké}}, so the whole DP is focused.</small>}}

Laqme: actually d2 is overt, it's just not segmental. but I don't need to drop the word "segmental"

2023-10-23T15:48:03Z

actually d2 is overt, it's just not segmental. but I don't need to drop the word "segmental"

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:48, 23 October 2023
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	{{Example\|Chuq jí bẹ́ıshamu.\|(No,) it was the '''''apple''''' that I ate.<br><small>Again, {{t\|beı-}} is prefixed onto {{t\|shamu}}. The result is wrapped in {{Done\|2}}.</small>}}		{{Example\|Chuq jí bẹ́ıshamu.\|(No,) it was the '''''apple''''' that I ate.<br><small>Again, {{t\|beı-}} is prefixed onto {{t\|shamu}}. The result is wrapped in {{Done\|2}}.</small>}}

	{{Example\|Chuq jí bẹ́ıke shamu.\|(No,) it was '''''the''''' apple that I ate.<br><small>{{t\|beı-}} is prefixed onto {{t\|ké}}, so just the determiner is focused<ref>To focus just the {{Done\|2}} determiner, we can use its [[~~overt~~ allomorph]] {{t\|ló}}, giving {{t\|bẹ́ılo}} ('''''the''''').</ref> (e.g. ''the'' apple as opposed to ''an'' apple).</small>}}		{{Example\|Chuq jí bẹ́ıke shamu.\|(No,) it was '''''the''''' apple that I ate.<br><small>{{t\|beı-}} is prefixed onto {{t\|ké}}, so just the determiner is focused<ref>To focus just the {{Done\|2}} determiner, we can use its [[allomorph]] {{t\|ló}}, giving {{t\|bẹ́ılo}} ('''''the''''').</ref> (e.g. ''the'' apple as opposed to ''an'' apple).</small>}}

	{{Example\|Leo kụrıatua jí héqma.\|I'm trying to '''''open''''' the container.<br><small>{{t\|ku-}} is prefixed onto {{t\|rıatua}}, so just the verb is focused.</small>}}		{{Example\|Leo kụrıatua jí héqma.\|I'm trying to '''''open''''' the container.<br><small>{{t\|ku-}} is prefixed onto {{t\|rıatua}}, so just the verb is focused.</small>}}

Laqme: Footnotes header

2023-10-23T15:45:30Z

Footnotes header

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:45, 23 October 2023
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	It's good to have an interpretation for this placement, but it might be better to limit the placement of {{t\|kú}} to only those heads/phrases that have more obvious boundaries.		It's good to have an interpretation for this placement, but it might be better to limit the placement of {{t\|kú}} to only those heads/phrases that have more obvious boundaries.

			== Footnotes ==

	[[Category:Reforms]]		[[Category:Reforms]]

Laqme: notes

2023-10-23T15:44:03Z

notes

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:44, 23 October 2023
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	== Proposed simplified rules ==		== Proposed simplified rules ==
			These rules are phrased in terms of {{t\|kú}}, but they apply equally to any focus particle ({{t\|béı, máo, tó, shúq…}}):

	* Attaching a focus prefix {{t\|ku-}} to a single word ''always'' focuses just that word.		# Attaching a focus prefix {{t\|ku-}} to a single word ''always'' focuses just that word.
	* Placing a focus word {{t\|kú}} before a head ''always'' focuses the whole [[phrase]] that it projects.		# Placing a focus word {{t\|kú}} before a head ''always'' focuses the whole [[phrase]] that it projects.
	** This means {{t\|kú sá hao}} and {{t\|kú râo níchaq}} and {{t\|kú ꝡä nuo jí}} focus that whole constituent.		#* This means {{t\|kú <u>sá hao</u>}} and {{t\|kú <u>râo níchaq</u>}} and {{t\|kú <u>ꝡä nuo jí</u>}} focus that whole constituent.
	* There is no tone-stealing. You'll never see {{t\|kû}} or {{t\|kü}} or {{t\|ku}}.		# There is no tone-stealing. You'll never see {{t\|kû}} or {{t\|kü}} or {{t\|ku}}.

	Examples:		Examples:
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	{{Example\|Chuq jí bẹ́ıshamu.\|(No,) it was the '''''apple''''' that I ate.<br><small>Again, {{t\|beı-}} is prefixed onto {{t\|shamu}}. The result is wrapped in {{Done\|2}}.</small>}}		{{Example\|Chuq jí bẹ́ıshamu.\|(No,) it was the '''''apple''''' that I ate.<br><small>Again, {{t\|beı-}} is prefixed onto {{t\|shamu}}. The result is wrapped in {{Done\|2}}.</small>}}

	{{Example\|Chuq jí bẹ́ıke shamu.\|(No,) it was '''''the''''' apple that I ate.<br><small>{{t\|beı-}} is prefixed onto {{t\|ké}}, so just the determiner is focused (e.g. ''the'' apple as opposed to ''an'' apple).</small>}}		{{Example\|Chuq jí bẹ́ıke shamu.\|(No,) it was '''''the''''' apple that I ate.<br><small>{{t\|beı-}} is prefixed onto {{t\|ké}}, so just the determiner is focused<ref>To focus just the {{Done\|2}} determiner, we can use its [[overt allomorph]] {{t\|ló}}, giving {{t\|bẹ́ılo}} ('''''the''''').</ref> (e.g. ''the'' apple as opposed to ''an'' apple).</small>}}

	{{Example\|Leo kụrıatua jí héqma.\|I'm trying to '''''open''''' the container.<br><small>{{t\|ku-}} is prefixed onto {{t\|rıatua}}, so just the verb is focused.</small>}}		{{Example\|Leo kụrıatua jí héqma.\|I'm trying to '''''open''''' the container.<br><small>{{t\|ku-}} is prefixed onto {{t\|rıatua}}, so just the verb is focused.</small>}}
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	{{Example\|Dua nháo kú ꝡä chıeche jí.\|(No,) she knows '''''that I'm a student'''''.<br><small>{{t\|kú}} precedes the complementizer {{t\|ꝡä}}, so the entire CP is focused.</small>}}		{{Example\|Dua nháo kú ꝡä chıeche jí.\|(No,) she knows '''''that I'm a student'''''.<br><small>{{t\|kú}} precedes the complementizer {{t\|ꝡä}}, so the entire CP is focused.</small>}}

	{{Example\|Dua nháo kụ̈ꝡa chıeche jí.\|(No,) she knows '''''that''''' I'm a student.<br><small>{{t\|ku-}} is prefixed onto {{t\|ꝡä}}, so just the complementizer is focused (e.g. ''that'' I'm a student as opposed to ''whether'' I am one).</small>}}		{{Example\|Dua nháo kụ̈ꝡa chıeche jí.\|(No,) she knows '''''that''''' I'm a student.<br><small>{{t\|ku-}} is prefixed onto {{t\|ꝡä}}<ref>Officially, words in {{Done\|3}} can't have prefixes, so this last example needs something like the [[Prefix Reform]] to be pronounceable (and then it'd be spelled {{t\|kuꝡä}}). However, it's also not a very realistic use-case; it's presented here only to clarify the rules.
			</ref>, so just the complementizer is focused (e.g. ''that'' I'm a student as opposed to ''whether'' I am one).</small>}}

	== What about V? ==		== What about V? ==

Laqme: call it a "proposal", link some pages

2023-10-23T15:14:48Z

call it a "proposal", link some pages

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:14, 23 October 2023
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	'''Simple Focus''' is a simplifying reform of how focus ~~particles~~ work in Toaq Delta.		'''Simple Focus''' is a proposed simplifying reform of how [[focus]] and [[focus particle]]s work in Toaq Delta.

	== Official rules ==		== Official rules ==
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	<blockquote>When attached to a head, the entire phrases projected by the head receives focus.</blockquote>		<blockquote>When attached to a head, the entire phrases projected by the head receives focus.</blockquote>

	But then in this example, focus is attached to a V, and yet it isn't the whole VP that receives focus:		But then in this example, focus is attached to a V, and yet it isn't the whole [[VP]] that receives focus:

	{{Example\|(182) Leo kụrıatua jí héqma.\|I'm trying to '''''open''''' the container.}}		{{Example\|(182) Leo kụrıatua jí héqma.\|I'm trying to '''''open''''' the container.}}

	== ~~Simplified~~ rules ==		== Proposed simplified rules ==

	* Attaching a focus prefix {{t\|ku-}} to a single word ''always'' focuses just that word.		* Attaching a focus prefix {{t\|ku-}} to a single word ''always'' focuses just that word.
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	== What about V? ==		== What about V? ==

	If we follow the rule about {{t\|kú}} to its logical conclusion, we end up with {{t\|kú verb}} meaning something a little surprising — it's probably unintuitive if you don't know Toaq syntax.		If we follow the rule about {{t\|kú}} to its logical conclusion, we end up with {{t\|kú verb}} meaning something a little surprising — it's probably unintuitive if you don't know Toaq [[syntax]].

	{{Example\|Leo kú rıatua jí héqma.\|I'm trying to '''''open the container'''''.<br><small>{{t\|kú}} precedes the verb {{t\|rıatua}}, so the VP {{t\|rıatua … héqma}} is focused.</small>}}		{{Example\|Leo kú rıatua jí héqma.\|I'm trying to '''''open the container'''''.<br><small>{{t\|kú}} precedes the verb {{t\|rıatua}}, so the VP {{t\|rıatua … héqma}} is focused.</small>}}

	It's good to have an interpretation for this placement, but it might be better to limit the placement of {{t\|kú}} to only those heads/phrases that have more obvious boundaries.		It's good to have an interpretation for this placement, but it might be better to limit the placement of {{t\|kú}} to only those heads/phrases that have more obvious boundaries.

			[[Category:Reforms]]

Laqme: initial writeup

2023-10-23T15:12:32Z

initial writeup

New page

'''Simple Focus''' is a simplifying reform of how focus particles work in Toaq Delta.

== Official rules ==

{{Refgram|syntax|focus}}

Officially, focus particles "steal the tone" of heads they attach to:

{{Example|(181) Chuq jí béı shamu.|(No,) it was the '''''apple''''' that I ate.}}

{{Example|(183) kû rao kíachaq|'''''on Monday'''''}}

Does sentence (181) focus just "apple", or "the apple"? There is a paragraph saying

<blockquote>When attached to a head, the entire phrases projected by the head receives focus.</blockquote>

But then in this example, focus is attached to a V, and yet it isn't the whole VP that receives focus:

{{Example|(182) Leo kụrıatua jí héqma.|I'm trying to '''''open''''' the container.}}

== Simplified rules ==

* Attaching a focus prefix {{t|ku-}} to a single word ''always'' focuses just that word.
* Placing a focus word {{t|kú}} before a head ''always'' focuses the whole [[phrase]] that it projects.
** This means {{t|kú sá hao}} and {{t|kú râo níchaq}} and {{t|kú ꝡä nuo jí}} focus that whole constituent.
* There is no tone-stealing. You'll never see {{t|kû}} or {{t|kü}} or {{t|ku}}.

Examples:

{{Example|Chuq jí béı ké shamu.|(No,) it was '''''the apple''''' that I ate. {{t|béı}} precedes a determiner {{t|ké}}, so the whole DP is focused.}}

{{Example|Chuq jí ké bẹıshamu.|(No,) it was the '''''apple''''' that I ate. {{t|beı-}} is prefixed onto {{t|shamu}}, so just that verb is focused.}}

{{Example|Chuq jí bẹ́ıshamu.|(No,) it was the '''''apple''''' that I ate. Again, {{t|beı-}} is prefixed onto {{t|shamu}}. The result is wrapped in {{Done|2}}.}}

{{Example|Chuq jí bẹ́ıke shamu.|(No,) it was '''''the''''' apple that I ate. {{t|beı-}} is prefixed onto {{t|ké}}, so just the determiner is focused (e.g. ''the'' apple as opposed to ''an'' apple).}}

{{Example|Leo kụrıatua jí héqma.|I'm trying to '''''open''''' the container. {{t|ku-}} is prefixed onto {{t|rıatua}}, so just the verb is focused.}}

{{Example|kú râo kíachaq|'''''on Monday''''' {{t|kú}} precedes the Adjunct head {{Done|4}}, so the AdjunctP {{t|râo kíachaq}} is focused.}}

{{Example|kụ̂rao kíachaq|'''''on''''' Monday {{t|ku-}} is prefixed onto the verb {{t|rao}}, so just that verb is focused. The result is wrapped in {{Done|4}}.}}

{{Example|Dua nháo kú ꝡä chıeche jí.|(No,) she knows '''''that I'm a student'''''. {{t|kú}} precedes the complementizer {{t|ꝡä}}, so the entire CP is focused.}}

{{Example|Dua nháo kụ̈ꝡa chıeche jí.|(No,) she knows '''''that''''' I'm a student. {{t|ku-}} is prefixed onto {{t|ꝡä}}, so just the complementizer is focused (e.g. ''that'' I'm a student as opposed to ''whether'' I am one).}}

== What about V? ==

If we follow the rule about {{t|kú}} to its logical conclusion, we end up with {{t|kú verb}} meaning something a little surprising — it's probably unintuitive if you don't know Toaq syntax.

{{Example|Leo kú rıatua jí héqma.|I'm trying to '''''open the container'''''. {{t|kú}} precedes the verb {{t|rıatua}}, so the VP {{t|rıatua … héqma}} is focused.}}

It's good to have an interpretation for this placement, but it might be better to limit the placement of {{t|kú}} to only those heads/phrases that have more obvious boundaries.

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:23, 16 November 2023
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	# Attaching a focus prefix {{t\|ku-}} to a single word ''always'' focuses just that word.		# Attaching a focus prefix {{t\|ku-}} to a single word ''always'' focuses just that word.
	# Placing a focus word {{t\|kú}} before a head ''always'' focuses the whole [[phrase]] that it projects.		# Placing a focus word {{t\|kú}} before a head ''always'' focuses the whole [[phrase]] that it projects.
	#* ~~This~~ means {{t\|kú <u>sá hao</u>}} and {{t\|kú <u>râo níchaq</u>}} and {{t\|kú <u>ꝡä nuo jí</u>}} focus that whole constituent.		#* That is: {{t\|kú}} before a determiner (D) focuses the DP, {{t\|kú}} before a complementizer (C) focuses the CP…
			#* Basically, this means {{t\|kú <u>sá hao</u>}} and {{t\|kú <u>râo níchaq</u>}} and {{t\|kú <u>ꝡä nuo jí</u>}} focus that whole underlined constituent.
	# There is no tone-stealing. You'll never see {{t\|kû}} or {{t\|kü}} or {{t\|ku}}.		# There is no tone-stealing. You'll never see {{t\|kû}} or {{t\|kü}} or {{t\|ku}}.

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:48, 23 October 2023
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	{{Example\|Chuq jí bẹ́ıshamu.\|(No,) it was the '''''apple''''' that I ate.<br><small>Again, {{t\|beı-}} is prefixed onto {{t\|shamu}}. The result is wrapped in {{Done\|2}}.</small>}}		{{Example\|Chuq jí bẹ́ıshamu.\|(No,) it was the '''''apple''''' that I ate.<br><small>Again, {{t\|beı-}} is prefixed onto {{t\|shamu}}. The result is wrapped in {{Done\|2}}.</small>}}

	{{Example\|Chuq jí bẹ́ıke shamu.\|(No,) it was '''''the''''' apple that I ate.<br><small>{{t\|beı-}} is prefixed onto {{t\|ké}}, so just the determiner is focused<ref>To focus just the {{Done\|2}} determiner, we can use its [[~~overt~~ allomorph]] {{t\|ló}}, giving {{t\|bẹ́ılo}} ('''''the''''').</ref> (e.g. ''the'' apple as opposed to ''an'' apple).</small>}}		{{Example\|Chuq jí bẹ́ıke shamu.\|(No,) it was '''''the''''' apple that I ate.<br><small>{{t\|beı-}} is prefixed onto {{t\|ké}}, so just the determiner is focused<ref>To focus just the {{Done\|2}} determiner, we can use its [[allomorph]] {{t\|ló}}, giving {{t\|bẹ́ılo}} ('''''the''''').</ref> (e.g. ''the'' apple as opposed to ''an'' apple).</small>}}

	{{Example\|Leo kụrıatua jí héqma.\|I'm trying to '''''open''''' the container.<br><small>{{t\|ku-}} is prefixed onto {{t\|rıatua}}, so just the verb is focused.</small>}}		{{Example\|Leo kụrıatua jí héqma.\|I'm trying to '''''open''''' the container.<br><small>{{t\|ku-}} is prefixed onto {{t\|rıatua}}, so just the verb is focused.</small>}}