Cheat sheet: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 18:35, 8 December 2022

Pronouns

jí = I
súq = you (sg.)
súna = you all (pl.)
nháo = he/she/they (sg.)
nhána = they (pl.)
úmo = I+you
íme = I+they
súho = I+you+they
há = one/people (as in "One does not simply walk into Mordor")

These pronouns refer back to words of a certain animacy class:

hó = him/her/them (animate)
máq = it (inanimate)
hóq = it (abstract)
tá = it (adjective)

Attach -bo to pronouns to make genitive words:

jıbo = ___ is mine
suqbo = ___ is yours
maqbo = ___ is its (inanimate)

For example:

Jıbo kúe ní (da). = "This is my book"
Bo súq kúe jıbo (da). = "You have my book"

Nature vocab

poq = ___ is a person
ocha = ___ is a human
nıaı = ___ is an animal
deo = ___ is a child
kato = ___ is a cat
kune = ___ is a dog
cıe = ___ is a fish
hoe = ___ is a sun
mıao = ___ is a moon
nao = ___ is water
haq = ___ is food
rua = ___ is a flower

Colors

reo = ___ has color ___
reocuaq = ___ is a color

kıa naraq lue rıq kuao mıo loa bao ruı kuo tıaq

All of the above verbs mean "___ has color X", not "___ is the color X".

Everyday vocab

maı = ___ loves ___
paı = ___ is a friend of ___
cho = ___ likes ___
hıo = ___ greets/bids farewell to ___

ceohıo = ___ says hi to ___
shaıhıo = ___ says bye to ___

chuq = ___ eats ___
pıe = ___ drinks ___
kuq = ___ says ___ to ___
koy = ___ talks to ___
gı = ___ is good
huı = ___ is bad
de = ___ is beautiful
tı = ___ is at ___
nıe = ___ is inside ___
neo = ___ is on top of ___

Abstract vocab

toa = ___ is a word
muı = ___ is a meaning of ___

bọmuı = ___ means ___

toaq = ___ is Toaqic
dua = ___ knows ___
chı = ___ believes ___
mıu = ___ opines ___
gaı = ___ senses ___

kaqgaı = ___ sees ___
huogaı = ___ hears ___
shıqgaı = ___ smells ___
noqgaı = ___ tastes ___
puaqgaı = ___ touches ___

sı = ___ pays attention to ___

kaqsı = ___ looks at ___
huosı = ___ listens to ___, etc.

Abstract vocab 2

kuaı = ___ longs to do ___
leo = ___ tries to do ___
tua = ___ makes ___ happen
shao = ___ wants ___ to happen
choq = ___ uses ___ to do ___
ca = ___ causes ___
kuı = ___ is because ___
bu = ___ is false (i.e. "not")
le = ___ is likely
daı = ___ is possible
raı = ___ is something

Tenses and aspects

pu = ___ happened
naı = ___ happens now
jıa = ___ will happen
ceo = ___ starts to happen
chum = ___ is happening
shaı = ___ stops happening
shıu = ___ happens before ___
rao = ___ happens during ___
bıe = ___ happens after ___
nıqguo = ___ happens again
he = ___ is gnomically (generally) true

Sentence structure

(Complementizer or conjunction)	(Topic)	Body	(Illocution)
Ꝡa, (declarative)	háq bï,	gı máq jîe nháo	da. (statement, optional)
Keo, (But,)			móq? (question, optional)
Tıu, (So,)			ba. (wish)
Ma (yes/no question)			nha. (promise)

Falling tone

Main verb.

Maı jí súq (da). = "I love you."

Also marks any non-initial word in a serial. If you have a noun phrase, adverb phrase, etc, only the first word "conjugates". The rest stays in . In the example below, only the word káto changes to . The remaining kuo is in .

Maı jí káto kuo da. = "I love the black cat."

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 __NOTOC__
-<span style="color:#C00000; font-weight: bold;">Note: This page was for Toaq Gamma. A lot of stuff on here is <u>outdated</u>.</span>
 <div style="display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap;">
 <div class="cheat-sheet-card">
@@ Line 10: / Line 7: @@
 * {{t|súna}} = you all (pl.)
 * {{t|nháo}} = he/she/they (sg.)
-* {{t|nháona}} = they (pl.)
+* {{t|nhána}} = they (pl.)
 * {{t|úmo}} = I+you
 * {{t|íme}} = I+they
@@ Line 32: / Line 29: @@
 </div>
+<div class="cheat-sheet-card">
+=== Nature vocab ===
+* {{t|poq}} = ___ is a person
+* {{t|ocha}} = ___ is a human
+* {{t|nıaı}} = ___ is an animal
+* {{t|deo}} = ___ is a child
+* {{t|kato}} = ___ is a cat
+* {{t|kune}} = ___ is a dog
+* {{t|cıe}} = ___ is a fish
+* {{t|hoe}} = ___ is a sun
+* {{t|mıao}} = ___ is a moon
+* {{t|nao}} = ___ is water
+* {{t|haq}} = ___ is food
+* {{t|rua}} = ___ is a flower
+<hr/>
+==== Colors ====
+* {{t|reo}} = ___ has color ___
+* {{t|reocuaq}} = ___ is a color
+<div>
+<span class=embiggen style="background-color: #fdd;             ">{{t|kıa  |___ is red   }}</span>
+<span class=embiggen style="background-color: #fed;             ">{{t|naraq|___ is orange}}</span>
+<span class=embiggen style="background-color: #ffd;             ">{{t|lue  |___ is yellow}}</span>
+<span class=embiggen style="background-color: #dfd;             ">{{t|rıq  |___ is green }}</span>
+<span class=embiggen style="background-color: #dfe;             ">{{t|kuao |___ is cyan  }}</span>
+<span class=embiggen style="background-color: #ddf;             ">{{t|mıo  |___ is blue  }}</span>
+<span class=embiggen style="background-color: #edf;             ">{{t|loa  |___ is purple}}</span>
+<span class=embiggen style="background-color: #fff;             ">{{t|bao  |___ is white }}</span>
+<span class=embiggen style="background-color: #999;             ">{{t|ruı  |___ is gray  }}</span>
+<span class=embiggen style="background-color: #333; color: #ddd;">{{t|kuo  |___ is black }}</span>
+<span class=embiggen style="background-color: #654; color: #ddd;">{{t|tıaq |___ is brown }}</span>
+</div>
+<small>All of the above verbs mean "___ has color X", not "___ is the color X".</small>
+</div><div class="cheat-sheet-card">
+=== Everyday vocab ===
+* {{t|maı}} = ___ loves ___
+* {{t|paı}} = ___ is a friend of ___
+* {{t|cho}} = ___ likes ___
+* {{t|hıo}} = ___ greets/bids farewell to ___
+<small>
+:* {{t|ceohıo}} = ___ says hi to ___
+:* {{t|shaıhıo}} = ___ says bye to ___
+</small>
+* {{t|chuq}} = ___ eats ___
+* {{t|pıe}} = ___ drinks ___
+* {{t|kuq}} = ___ says ___ to ___
+* {{t|koy}} = ___ talks to ___
+* {{t|gı}} = ___ is good
+* {{t|huı}} = ___ is bad
+* {{t|de}} = ___ is beautiful
+* {{t|tı}} = ___ is at ___
+* {{t|nıe}} = ___ is inside ___
+* {{t|neo}} = ___ is on top of ___
+</div>
+<div class="cheat-sheet-card">
+===Abstract vocab===
+*{{t|toa}} = ___ is a word
+*{{t|muı}} = ___ is a meaning of ___
+<small>
+:*{{t|bọmuı}} = ___ means ___
+</small>
+*{{t|toaq}} = ___ is Toaqic
+*{{t|dua}} = ___ knows ___
+*{{t|chı}} = ___ believes ___
+*{{t|mıu}} = ___ opines ___
+*{{t|gaı}} = ___ senses ___
+<small>
+:*{{t|kaqgaı}} = ___ sees ___
+:*{{t|huogaı}} = ___ hears ___
+:*{{t|shıqgaı}} = ___ smells ___
+:*{{t|noqgaı}} = ___ tastes ___
+:*{{t|puaqgaı}} = ___ touches ___
+</small>
+*{{t|sı}} = ___ pays attention to ___
+<small>
+:*{{t|kaqsı}} = ___ looks at ___
+:*{{t|huosı}} = ___ listens to ___, etc.
+</small>
+</div><div class="cheat-sheet-card">
+===Abstract vocab 2===
+*{{t|kuaı}} = ___ longs to do ___
+*{{t|leo}} = ___ tries to do ___
+*{{t|tua}} = ___ makes ___ happen
+*{{t|shao}} = ___ wants ___ to happen
+*{{t|choq}} = ___ uses ___ to do ___
+*{{t|ca}} = ___ causes ___
+*{{t|kuı}} = ___ is because ___
+*{{t|bu}} = ___ is false (i.e. "not")
+*{{t|le}} = ___ is likely
+*{{t|daı}} = ___ is possible
+*{{t|raı}} = ___ is something
+</div>
+<div class="cheat-sheet-card">
+===Tenses and aspects===
+*{{t|pu}} = ___ happened
+*{{t|naı}} = ___ happens now
+*{{t|jıa}} = ___ will happen
+*{{t|ceo}} = ___ starts to happen
+*{{t|chum}} = ___ is happening
+*{{t|shaı}} = ___ stops happening
+*{{t|shıu}} = ___ happens before ___
+*{{t|rao}} = ___ happens during ___
+*{{t|bıe}} = ___ happens after ___
+*{{t|nıqguo}} = ___ happens again
+*{{t|he}} = ___ is gnomically (generally) true
+</div>
+<div class="cheat-sheet-card" style="max-width: inherit">
+===Sentence structure===
+{| class="wikitable"
+!(Complementizer<br>or conjunction)!!(Topic)!!Body!!(Illocution)
+|-
+|{{t|Ꝡa,}} (declarative)
+| rowspan="5" |{{t|háq bï,}}
+| rowspan="5" |{{t|gı máq jîe nháo}}
+|{{t|da.}} (statement, optional)
+|-
+|{{t|Keo,}} (But,)
+|{{t|móq?}} (question, optional)
+|-
+|{{t|Tıu,}} (So,)
+|{{t|ba.}} (wish)
+|-
+|{{T|Ma}} (yes/no question)
+|{{t|nha.}} (promise)
+|}
+</div>
+<div class="cheat-sheet-card">
+===Falling tone {{done|1}}===
+Main verb.
+*{{t|<u>Maı</u> jí súq (da).}} = "I love you."
+Also marks any non-initial word in a serial. If you have a noun phrase, adverb phrase, etc, only the first word "conjugates". The rest stays in {{Done|1}}. In the example below, only the word {{t|káto}} changes to {{Done|2}}. The remaining {{t|kuo}} is in {{Done|1}}.
+*{{t|Maı jí <u>káto kuo</u> da.}} = "I love the black cat."</div>
 </div>