Glossary: Difference between revisions

Latest revision as of 17:08, 17 February 2023

This page gives an overview of Toaq-specific jargon, or logic jargon as it relates to Toaq.

Auto-hóa

A family of proposals for automatically inserting hóa into a relative clause. See the dedicated page.

Contentive

Words that are not particles. This includes at least all verbs. It used to be the case that there were only verbs and particles, but in Toaq Delta, new parts-of-speech (like tenses) probably straddle the line between particle and contentive.

Donkey

See Donkey sentence.

Exhibitor slots / genitival serialization

In old versions of Toaq, transitive verbs with concrete objects could be on the left in a serial verb.

For example, cho nıaı had the meaning of cho bâq nıaı. (That is to say: this feature has been superseded by object incorporation.)

The object slot of cho was then called an "exhibitor slot", and this kind of serialization was called "genitival serialization".

Frame

A family of words, all having the same signature. Each frame is named after a familiar word in the frame.

See Hoaqgio’s list of predicate frames for a list of all major frames as of 2021. The new list is much slimmer; viz. Frame#Table of serial frames.

Great Root Expansion (GRE)

A 2019 phonology update.

JJ

Jîe jí, "in my opinion".

New Segmentation (Newseg)

A 2020 proposal for a change to the tone system. This was superseded by the segmentation system as laid out in the Gamma reference grammar.

Opaque

See Opaque.

`t2`, `t3`, `t4`…

The second, third, fourth… tone.

Universe of discourse (UoD)

The set of things under discussion at a given time. Quantifiers range over this domain, so that tú poq doesn't necessarily mean "all of the people in the world". See Wikipedia.

@@ Line 5: / Line 5: @@
 === Contentive ===
-A word that carries meaning rather than function, unlike particles. In Toaq, this term has been superseded by the much more beginner-friendly sounding '''[[verb]]''', or '''predicate'''.
+Words that are not particles. This includes at least all [[verb]]s. It used to be the case that there were only verbs and particles, but in Toaq Delta, new parts-of-speech (like tenses) probably straddle the line between particle and contentive.
 === Donkey ===
 See [[Donkey sentence]].
-=== Exhibitor slots ===
+=== Exhibitor slots / genitival serialization ===
-An old-school way to say "genitival [[serial]]ization" (the "merge-with-[[baq]]" behavior).
+In old versions of Toaq, transitive verbs with concrete objects could be on the ''left'' in a serial verb.
-<small>
+For example, {{t|cho nıaı}} had the meaning of {{t|cho bâq nıaı}}. (That is to say: this feature has been superseded by [[object incorporation]].)
-: A proposed kind of predicate slot with special serial behavior. Written <code>e</code> in signatures.
-:
+The object slot of {{t|cho}} was then called an "exhibitor slot", and this kind of serialization was called "genitival serialization".
-: Semantically, this slot is filled with a concrete (<code>c</code>) value, but it participates in serial merges sort of like a <code>1</code>.
-:
-: For example: if {{t|muoq|{{x}} is made of {{x}}}} is taken to be <code>c e</code>, then {{t|muoq pẻq}} is “{{x}} is made of paper”.
-:
-: This would shrink wordy constructs like {{t|sa mủoq sü hóa baq pẻq}} down to just {{t|sa mủoq pẻq}}, and thus partially solve the “Toaq doesn’t have a word like [https://vlasisku.lojban.org/be Lojban <code>be</code>]” problem.
-</small>
 === [[Frame]] ===
@@ Line 30: / Line 24: @@
 === Great Root Expansion (GRE) ===
 [https://toaqlanguage.wordpress.com/2019/10/10/the-great-root-expansion-phonology-update/ A 2019 phonology update.]
 === JJ ===
-{{t|Jìe jí}}, "in my opinion".
+{{t|Jîe jí}}, "in my opinion".
 === New Segmentation (Newseg) ===
-A 2020 [http://toaq.org/Tones.pdf proposal] for a change to the tone system. This was superseded by the segmentation system as laid out in the reference grammar (look under ‘Word segmentation via tones’ [https://toaq.net/refgram/03/ here]).
+A 2020 [http://toaq.org/Tones.pdf proposal] for a change to the tone system. This was superseded by the segmentation system as laid out in the Gamma reference grammar.
 === Opaque ===
-# Of a grammar construct like '''po X''': meaning quantifiers on the inside don't leak out of it into the main prenex.
+See [[Opaque]].
-# Of compound words like '''nıefā''': meaning that you can't technically figure out the meaning just by applying rules to the parts; you have to look it up in a dictionary to be sure. But of course there are a lot of useful patterns. The decomposition into '''nıe''' and '''fa''' can be considered an etymology or a mnemonic, but there's no "transparent" process that determines its meaning.
-#: ''In linguistics, these kinds of compounds are known as '''derivational''' (vs. '''compositional''') or '''exocentric''' (vs. '''endocentric''') compounds.''
-=== [[Small Grammar Update]] (SGU) ===
-A modification the way adverbs work and where they can be placed. Only partially implemented; see [[Small Grammar Update#Current status]].
 === <code>t2</code>, <code>t3</code>, <code>t4</code>… ===
@@ Line 51: / Line 39: @@
 === Universe of discourse (UoD) ===
-The set of things under discussion at a given time. Quantifiers range over this domain, so that '''tu poq''' doesn't necessarily mean "all of the people in the world". See [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domain_of_discourse Wikipedia].
+The set of things under discussion at a given time. Quantifiers range over this domain, so that {{t|tú poq}} doesn't necessarily mean "all of the people in the world". See [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domain_of_discourse Wikipedia].