Auto-hóa: Difference between revisions
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== Scary English words == | == Scary English words == | ||
* '''[[wikipedia:Ellipsis|Ellipsis]]''' (think of the ellipsis symbol, …) is the act of omitting part of a phrase, or a whole phrase, with the expectation that pragmatics and context will convey the missing phrase. Some kinds of ellipsis are solidifed into grammatical rules: ''She went to the store but I didn’t'' (…go to the store). (Note that another analysis of this kind of ellipsis interprets ''didn’t'' as a so-called [[wikipedia:pro-verb|pro-verb]] – like a pronoun but for verb | * '''[[wikipedia:Ellipsis|Ellipsis]]''' (think of the ellipsis symbol, …) is the act of omitting part of a phrase, or a whole phrase, with the expectation that pragmatics and context will convey the missing phrase. Some kinds of ellipsis are solidifed into grammatical rules: ''She went to the store but I didn’t'' (…go to the store). (Note that another analysis of this kind of ellipsis interprets ''didn’t'' as a so-called [[wikipedia:pro-verb|pro-verb]] – like a pronoun but for verb phrases. This interpretation is outside of the purview of this article.) | ||
* '''[[wikipedia:Elision|Elision]]''' technically refers to the act of removing single or multiple sounds (for example, ''it would'' /ɪt ˈwʊd/ → ''it’d'' /ɪtəd/ → /ɪd/), but in loglang communities, the term has taken on the meaning of ''the disposure of unneeded particles'' (such as Lojban’s elision of terminators – kinds of closing bracket particles – which allows one to say ''lo jbobau cu xamgu'' rather than ''lo jbobau ku cu xamgu vau iau''). | * '''[[wikipedia:Elision|Elision]]''' technically refers to the act of removing single or multiple sounds (for example, ''it would'' /ɪt ˈwʊd/ → ''it’d'' /ɪtəd/ → /ɪd/), but in loglang communities, the term has taken on the meaning of ''the disposure of unneeded particles'' (such as Lojban’s elision of terminators – kinds of closing bracket particles – which allows one to say ''lo jbobau cu xamgu'' rather than ''lo jbobau ku cu xamgu vau iau''). | ||
* Broadly speaking, a '''[[wikipedia:relative clause|relative clause]]''' is a dependent clause which introduces additional information about another entity – for example, in ''he was the person I wanted to find'', ''I wanted to find'' is a relative clause of ''the person'' (it describes what kind of person). In this scenario, ''the person'' is termed the '''head''' or the '''antecedent''' of the relative clause. | * Broadly speaking, a '''[[wikipedia:relative clause|relative clause]]''' is a dependent clause which introduces additional information about another entity – for example, in ''he was the person I wanted to find'', ''I wanted to find'' is a relative clause of ''the person'' (it describes what kind of person). In this scenario, ''the person'' is termed the '''head''' or the '''antecedent''' of the relative clause. | ||
* A '''relative pronoun''' is one which refers to the antecedent. Such are hard to find in English, but they appear on occasion: ''a child who knows I love them'' (''them'' = ''a child''. Also note that ''a child'' is implicitly the subject of the relative clause – the one who knows). All Toaq relative clauses are formulated in a way that makes the relative pronoun {{t|hóa}} easy to use – for example, ‘a child who is big’ = {{t|deo säo <u>hóa</u>}} (literally ''child such | * A '''relative pronoun''' is one which refers to the antecedent. Such are hard to find in English, but they appear on occasion: ''a child who knows I love them'' (''them'' = ''a child''. Also note that ''a child'' is implicitly the subject of the relative clause – the one who knows). All Toaq relative clauses are formulated in a way that makes the relative pronoun {{t|hóa}} easy to use – for example, ‘a child who is big’ = {{t|deo säo <u>hóa</u>}} (literally ''child such that <u>it</u> is big''). Other pronouns may be used as antecedents since the [[antecedent pronoun]]s update: {{t|deo säo <u>hó</u>}}, where {{t|hó}} is the animate pronoun (he/she/they/it, for humans and animals performing roles thereof). | ||
that <u>it</u> is big''). Other pronouns may be used as antecedents since the [[antecedent pronoun]]s update: {{t|deo säo <u>hó</u>}}, where {{t|hó}} is the animate pronoun (he/she/they/it, for humans and animals performing roles thereof). | |||
* Consequently, '''relative pronoun ellipsis''' occurs when {{t|hóa}} is omitted for one reason or another. | * Consequently, '''relative pronoun ellipsis''' occurs when {{t|hóa}} is omitted for one reason or another. | ||
Revision as of 01:55, 23 September 2021
Relative pronoun ellipsis[note 1], also known as hóa elision or just auto-hóa, is the “study” of interpreting omission of the relative pronoun hóa in a relative clause phrase.
Scary English words
- Ellipsis (think of the ellipsis symbol, …) is the act of omitting part of a phrase, or a whole phrase, with the expectation that pragmatics and context will convey the missing phrase. Some kinds of ellipsis are solidifed into grammatical rules: She went to the store but I didn’t (…go to the store). (Note that another analysis of this kind of ellipsis interprets didn’t as a so-called pro-verb – like a pronoun but for verb phrases. This interpretation is outside of the purview of this article.)
- Elision technically refers to the act of removing single or multiple sounds (for example, it would /ɪt ˈwʊd/ → it’d /ɪtəd/ → /ɪd/), but in loglang communities, the term has taken on the meaning of the disposure of unneeded particles (such as Lojban’s elision of terminators – kinds of closing bracket particles – which allows one to say lo jbobau cu xamgu rather than lo jbobau ku cu xamgu vau iau).
- Broadly speaking, a relative clause is a dependent clause which introduces additional information about another entity – for example, in he was the person I wanted to find, I wanted to find is a relative clause of the person (it describes what kind of person). In this scenario, the person is termed the head or the antecedent of the relative clause.
- A relative pronoun is one which refers to the antecedent. Such are hard to find in English, but they appear on occasion: a child who knows I love them (them = a child. Also note that a child is implicitly the subject of the relative clause – the one who knows). All Toaq relative clauses are formulated in a way that makes the relative pronoun hóa easy to use – for example, ‘a child who is big’ = deo säo hóa (literally child such that it is big). Other pronouns may be used as antecedents since the antecedent pronouns update: deo säo hó, where hó is the animate pronoun (he/she/they/it, for humans and animals performing roles thereof).
- Consequently, relative pronoun ellipsis occurs when hóa is omitted for one reason or another.
The battle of auto-hóa
Right after an avant-garde rap performance by nuogaı, fagri/Hoaqgıo posted a taxonomy of viable hóa elision proposals. They are enumerated as follows:
The Auto-Hóa Suite, by Hoaqgıo (2020-02-02)
- Required hóa.
- hóa must appear in every relative clause.
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- Semi-required hóa.
- hóa must appear in every relative clause, unless that clause is completely empty, in which case hóa fills the first slot.
-
- Lazy initial auto-hóa.
- If hóa does not appear in the relative clause at all, then it is inserted before all of the other arguments.
-
- Lazy structural final auto-hóa.
- If hóa does not appear in the relative clause at all, then it is inserted after all of the other arguments at the top level.
-
- Eager structural final auto-hóa.
- A hóa is inserted after all of the other arguments at the top-level unless the top-level slots are all filled.
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- Lazy pre-terminator final auto-hóa.
- If a hóa does not appear in the relative clauese at all, it is inserted as an automatic final word in the phrase (e.g., after explicit terminators but before implicit ones).
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- Eager pre-terminator final auto-hóa.
- hóa is inserted as an automatic final word in the phrase (e.g., after explicit terminators but before implicit ones) unless the phrase is full.
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- Hybrid hóa.
- The constructs lú, lü, lủ, and räı could have different rules of hóa. For example, eager initial auto-hóa in häo clauses together with semi-required hóa in lü/lú clauses has been suggested (the auto-hóa form for lú would then be ke häo).
The Auto-Hóa Suite by Hoemaı (2020-05-31)
TODO
uakcitalk’s anti-compromise auto-hóa (2021-09-20)
The Auto-Hóa Matrix (derivative gruël by yours truly uakcitalk; 2021-09-23)
The comprehensive list as presented above exhausts the sensible possibilities for hóa filling; however, given the medium of HTML, we can do one better and arrange the lazy–eager distinction across a matrix:
implicature-free diehards | lazy (overridable) | eager (forcible) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
required | semi-required | initial (hóa then arguments) |
lazy initial | eager initial | |
final | structural final (arguments then hóa) |
lazy structural-final initial | eager structural-final initial | ||
pre-terminator final (possibly nested terms then hóa) |
lazy pre-terminator-final initial | eager pre-terminator-final initial | |||
← hybrid (different rules for räı … hóa, lu … hóa, râı … ja) → |
And this table gives examples (⇒
meanıng ‘turns into’):
❌ fä ✅ fä hóa |
✅ fä ⇒ fä hóa | fä á ú ⇒ fä hóa á ú fä á hóa ⇒ (no change) |
fä á ú ⇒ fä hóa á ú fä á hóa ⇒ fä hóa á hóa fä fı á hóa ⇒ (no change) |
fä â ú ⇒ fä â ú na hóa fä â ú hóa ⇒ (no change) |
fä â ú ⇒ fä â ú na hóa fä â ú hóa ⇒ fä â ú hóa na hóa fä á ú í ⇒ (no change; fä full) | ||
düa jí gî ⇒ düa jí gî hóa söq jí gî ja na hóa ⇒ (no change) |
düa jí gî ⇒ düa jí gî hóa söq jí gî ja ⇒ (invalid; gı is full) söq jí gî ja na ⇒ söq jí gî ja na hóa | ||
(for example, say, räq jí ⇒ räq hóa jí, but lü dua jí ⇒ lü dua jí hóa) |
Discussion
TODO: poignant summary owo
References