User:Neuekatze/Shodi: Difference between revisions

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*{{tonebig|b}} – relative clause end ã˥˩˥
*{{tonebig|b}} – relative clause end ã˥˩˥
*{{tonebig|h}} – content clause end ã˧˦˧
*{{tonebig|h}} – content clause end ã˧˦˧
*{{tonebig|og}} – adverb end ã˦˥˦
*{{tonebig|t}} – adverb end ã˦˥˦
*{{tonebig|m}} – part of the root that isnt the first syllable a˥
*{{tonebig|m}} – part of the root that isnt the first syllable a˥
*{{tonebig|ho}} – compounded root a˩
*{{tonebig|ho}} – compounded root a˩
*{{tonebig|dc}} – context start a˧˨˧
*{{tonebig|dc}} – context start a˧˨˧
*{{tonebig|td}} – context end ã˧˨˧
*{{tonebig|td}} – context end ã˧˨˧
*{{tonebig|ur}} – interjection a˨˩˥
*{{tonebig|ur}} – interjection or particle a˨˩
*{{tonebig|t}} – particle a˥˩
*{{tonebig|og}} negates predicate: a̰˥˦˧ by default, just adds creaky voice when combined with another tone.
To combine multiple tones in a syllable, a glottal stop (ʔ) is used as a separator. For instance, if the syllable "a" requires both the {{tonebig|cr}} and {{tonebig|og}} tones, you would split it like this: [aʔa], with each part carrying its respective tone. ([a˥˦˥ʔã˦˥˦])
 
To combine multiple tones in a syllable, a glottal stop (ʔ) is used as a separator. For instance, if the syllable "a" requires both the {{tonebig|cr}} and {{tonebig|ud}} tones, you would split it like this: [aʔa], with each part carrying its respective tone. ([a˥˦˥ʔã˦˥˦]) This does not apply to ogonek since it only creakens the voice.


The vowel with multiple diacritics is either written as ę̌ or ęě depending on preference.
The vowel with multiple diacritics is either written as ę̌ or ęě depending on preference.
There is also the {{tonebig|d}} that is put on the consonant that results in creaky voice which negates a predicate.
==Grammar==
==Grammar==
Šodī sentences follow this structure:<br>
Šodī sentences follow this structure:<br>
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===Adverbs===
===Adverbs===
The start of an adverb is marked with {{tonebig|c}} and the end of its arguments is marked with {{tonebig|og}}.<syntaxhighlight lang="text">
The start of an adverb is marked with {{tonebig|c}} and the end of its arguments is marked with {{tonebig|t}}.<syntaxhighlight lang="text">
ža bé sǒ ko̊m tâ wę̌
ža bé sǒ ko̊m tâ wę̌
talk me\1 you\2 food\3-some at\adv house\Eadv\1
talk me\1 you\2 food\3-some at\adv house\Eadv\1
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future\Econ eat me\1
future\Econ eat me\1
</syntaxhighlight>
</syntaxhighlight>
=== Articles ===
Marked by the last consonant of the noun.
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Cons.
!Mean.
!Symbolic
|-
|none
|some X
|λx.P(x)
|-
|m
|an X
|λx.∃x(P(x) ∧ ∀y(P(y) → y = x))
|-
|w
|all x
|λx.∀y(P(y)→y=x)
|-
|p
|no X
|λx.∀y(P(y)→y≠x)
|-
|t
|this X
|idk
|-
|k
|the X
|λx. ∀y. (P(y) → y = x)
|-
|g
|x-ness
|idk
|-
|l
|which X?
|idk
|}
=== Mood ===
Marked by the last consonant of the predicate. NOTE: Mood has higher scope than negation, so negation doesn't apply to mood.
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Cons.
!Meaning
|-
|none
|none
|-
|m
|possible
|-
|w
|impossible
|-
|p
|general rule
|-
|t
|subjunctive possible
|-
|k
|subjunctive general rule
|}

Latest revision as of 07:45, 19 January 2025

Šodī is a constructed language (conlang) I came up with a while ago. It's not meant to be taken too seriously

Phonology

the letters are:

bčdḑfghjklļmnňñprsštţvwxzž

aeıouäëïöü

ḑ [ð] ļ [ɬ] ň [ŋ] ñ [ɲ] ţ [θ] ı [i] ä [æ] ë [ə] ï [ɯ] ü [y]


The syllable structure is (C)(C)V(C). A monosyllabic root or the last syllable of a root can only be (C)(C)V, since the last (C) is utilized for grammar reasons.

Tones

Initially, I wanted to minimize the number of tones, but then I thought: "fuck it, it's not like anyone's actually going to speak this language, whether it has 1 tone or 16 tones." So, I decided to add 16 distinct tones to Šodī.

  • no diac. or grave – predicates a˥˦˧
  • acute – 1st argument of predicate a˦˥
  • caron – 2nd argument of predicate a˥˦˥
  • dot or ring – 3rd argument of predicate a˧˧˧
  • circumflex – adverb (start) a˦˥˦
  • double acute – adjective a˩˥
  • umlaut – relative clause start a˥˩˥
  • underdot – content clause start a˧˦˧
  • breve – relative clause end ã˥˩˥
  • hook – content clause end ã˧˦˧
  • tilde – adverb end ã˦˥˦
  • macron – part of the root that isnt the first syllable a˥
  • ho – compounded root a˩
  • double circumflex – context start a˧˨˧
  • triple dot – context end ã˧˨˧
  • umlaut ring – interjection or particle a˨˩
  • ogonek negates predicate: a̰˥˦˧ by default, just adds creaky voice when combined with another tone.

To combine multiple tones in a syllable, a glottal stop (ʔ) is used as a separator. For instance, if the syllable "a" requires both the caron and underdot tones, you would split it like this: [aʔa], with each part carrying its respective tone. ([a˥˦˥ʔã˦˥˦]) This does not apply to ogonek since it only creakens the voice.

The vowel with multiple diacritics is either written as ę̌ or ęě depending on preference.

Grammar

Šodī sentences follow this structure:
predicate (arguments) (illocutionary markers)
Adverbs and interjections can be placed almost anywhere in a sentence, except after the illocutionary markers.
Predicates in Šodī can have anywhere from 0 to 4 arguments. Here's an example predicate:
ža: x1 is talking to x2 about x3.
In many other languages, like Toaq or Lojban, the sentence "I talk to you about food" would typically follow a strict word order, like this:
ža me you food
Because the argument numbers are determined by word order, you're limited to this fixed structure.

However, in Šodī, the argument roles are marked by tone, which means the word order can be flexible. All of the following are valid ways to express "I talk to you about food": (assume the english words are šodīan words)

ža mé yǒu fo̊od
ža fo̊od mé yǒu
fo̊od mé ža yǒu
fo̊od mé yǒu ža

In each case, the tones mark which argument is which, so you're free to rearrange the words without losing meaning.

Adverbs

The start of an adverb is marked with circumflex and the end of its arguments is marked with tilde.

ža bé sǒ ko̊m tâ wę̌
talk me\1 you\2 food\3-some at\adv house\Eadv\1

The verb is assumed to take up the x1 slot of the adverb.

If the adverb is one word:

When it's at the very start, it gets ogonek only.

When it's at the very end, it gets circumflex only.

When it's in the middle of the sentence, it gets both.

Context

The start of a context clause is marked with double circumflex and the end of it is marked with triple dot. Its meaning is comparable to the toki pona word la.

ge᪴lē        ye  bé
future\Econ eat me\1

Articles

Marked by the last consonant of the noun.

Cons. Mean. Symbolic
none some X λx.P(x)
m an X λx.∃x(P(x) ∧ ∀y(P(y) → y = x))
w all x λx.∀y(P(y)→y=x)
p no X λx.∀y(P(y)→y≠x)
t this X idk
k the X λx. ∀y. (P(y) → y = x)
g x-ness idk
l which X? idk

Mood

Marked by the last consonant of the predicate. NOTE: Mood has higher scope than negation, so negation doesn't apply to mood.

Cons. Meaning
none none
m possible
w impossible
p general rule
t subjunctive possible
k subjunctive general rule