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Changes between Beta and Gamma: Difference between revisions
Changes between Beta and Gamma (view source)
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This was an overview of changes that happened between the [https://web.archive.org/web/20210203120032/http://toaq.org/ Public Beta version of Toaq (2017)] and Toaq as spoken circa 2021. | |||
This list is now both outdated and superfluous: the current description of the language at https://toaq.net/ is up-to-date. | |||
==== Sounds and spelling ==== | ==== Sounds and spelling ==== | ||
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* There are new consonants '''z''' [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_affricate#Voiced_alveolar_sibilant_affricate /d͡z/] and '''nh''' [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voiced_palatal_nasal /ɲ/]. There is a new vowel '''y''' [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid_central_vowel /ə/]. | * There are new consonants '''z''' [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_affricate#Voiced_alveolar_sibilant_affricate /d͡z/] and '''nh''' [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voiced_palatal_nasal /ɲ/]. There is a new vowel '''y''' [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid_central_vowel /ə/]. | ||
* There are some new syllable endings, like '''uoı'''. They aren't fully set in stone yet. | * There are some new syllable endings, like '''uoı'''. They aren't fully set in stone yet. | ||
* Syllables | * Syllables may start with an unwritten glottal stop, like '''elū''' (elephant). Within a word it's written with an apostrophe: '''elū'āı'''. | ||
==== Vocabulary ==== | ==== Vocabulary ==== | ||
* The interjections '''ha''', '''hıa''', '''hue''' are gone. Future interjections will probably look like: '''á''', '''è''', '''m̄'''. | * The interjections '''ha''', '''hıa''', '''hue''' are gone. Future interjections will probably look like: '''á''', '''è''', '''m̄'''. | ||
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* '''baq''' is now a quantifier. '''baq pỏq''' means "people", the [[kind]], rather than "a person" or "some people". | * '''baq''' is now a quantifier. '''baq pỏq''' means "people", the [[kind]], rather than "a person" or "some people". | ||
* '''hoı''' ("the aforementioned…") is now a quantifier. | * '''hoı''' ("the aforementioned…") is now a quantifier. | ||
* ''Unofficial but popular:'' You can omit '''rảı''' after a quantifier, e.g. '''Gỉ tu da.''' "Everything is good." This may or may not bind '''ráı''', depending on who you ask. | |||
==== The [[Small Grammar Update]] ==== | ==== The [[Small Grammar Update]] ==== | ||
* Adverbs no longer work like '''sủaq dẽ = dẻ sûaq'''. Instead they just embellish the assertion (like '''sủaq, na ru dẻ hôq'''). | * Adverbs no longer work like '''sủaq dẽ = dẻ sûaq'''. Instead they just embellish the assertion (like '''sủaq, na ru dẻ hôq'''). | ||
==== The new [https://toaqlanguage.wordpress.com/2021/08/13/toaqs-pronominal-system/ pronoun system] ==== | ==== The new [https://toaqlanguage.wordpress.com/2021/08/13/toaqs-pronominal-system/ pronoun system] ==== | ||
* This is pretty big! Make sure to read the blog post. | |||
* '''ho''' is now always "[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anaphora_(linguistics) anaphoric]": it refers to someone mentioned earlier in the text. The new "[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exophora exophoric]" third-person pronoun is '''nhao'''. | * '''ho''' is now always "[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anaphora_(linguistics) anaphoric]": it refers to someone mentioned earlier in the text. The new "[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exophora exophoric]" third-person pronoun is '''nhao'''. | ||
* '''ta''' is now a pronoun referring to adjectival descriptions like '''sa dẻ'''. There's no new 4th-slot tag to follow '''fı go cu'''. | * '''ta''' is now a pronoun referring to adjectival descriptions like '''sa dẻ'''. There's no new 4th-slot tag to follow '''fı go cu'''. | ||