Changes between Beta and Gamma: Difference between revisions

From The Toaq Wiki
No edit summary
No edit summary
Line 1: Line 1:
Here is a quick overview of changes since the Public Beta version of Toaq on http://toaq.org/:
Here is an overview of changes since the Public Beta version of Toaq on http://toaq.org/.


* Sounds and spelling:
==== Sounds and spelling ====
** An [https://toaqlanguage.wordpress.com/2019/07/25/on-the-sounds-of-toaq-phonology-update/ update] to the tones: the '''ǎ''' tone for relative clauses is now "rising glottal", and it is spelled '''ä'''. The '''ã''' tone for adverbs is now "falling glottal".
* An [https://toaqlanguage.wordpress.com/2019/07/25/on-the-sounds-of-toaq-phonology-update/ update] to the tones: the '''ǎ''' tone for relative clauses is now "rising glottal", and it is spelled '''ä'''. The '''ã''' tone for adverbs is now "falling glottal".
** There are new consonants '''z''' [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_affricate#Voiced_alveolar_sibilant_affricate /d͡z/] and '''nh''' [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voiced_palatal_nasal /ɲ/]. There is a new vowel '''y''' [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid_central_vowel /ə/].
* There are new consonants '''z''' [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_affricate#Voiced_alveolar_sibilant_affricate /d͡z/] and '''nh''' [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voiced_palatal_nasal /ɲ/]. There is a new vowel '''y''' [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid_central_vowel /ə/].
** There are some new syllable endings, like '''uoı'''. They aren't fully set in stone yet.
* There are some new syllable endings, like '''uoı'''. They aren't fully set in stone yet.
** Syllables [https://toaqlanguage.wordpress.com/2019/07/25/on-the-sounds-of-toaq-phonology-update/ may start with an unwritten glottal stop], like '''elū''' (elephant). Within a word it's written with an apostrophe: '''elū'āı'''.
* Syllables [https://toaqlanguage.wordpress.com/2019/07/25/on-the-sounds-of-toaq-phonology-update/ may start with an unwritten glottal stop], like '''elū''' (elephant). Within a word it's written with an apostrophe: '''elū'āı'''.
* Vocabulary:
==== Vocabulary ====
** The interjections '''ha''', '''hıa''', '''hue''' are gone. Future interjections will probably look like: '''á''', '''è''', '''m̄'''.
* The interjections '''ha''', '''hıa''', '''hue''' are gone. Future interjections will probably look like: '''á''', '''è''', '''m̄'''.
** A few common words have moved: '''toaq''' (language) is now '''zu'''. '''deoq''' (talk) is now '''koy'''. '''suo''' (broken) is now '''zuy'''.
* A few common words have moved: '''toaq''' (language) is now '''zu'''. '''deoq''' (talk) is now '''koy'''. '''suo''' (broken) is now '''zuy'''.
* The [https://toaqlanguage.wordpress.com/2019/07/24/on-quantifiers-and-variables-grammar-update/ quantifiers update]:
==== The [https://toaqlanguage.wordpress.com/2019/07/24/on-quantifiers-and-variables-grammar-update/ quantifiers update] ====
** Quantifiers now precede a falling-tone predicate phrase: '''sa rảı''' instead of '''sa ráı'''.
* Quantifiers now precede a falling-tone predicate phrase: '''sa rảı''' instead of '''sa ráı'''.
** '''sa kủnē''' binds a variable that may be referred back to using '''kúnē'''.
* '''sa kủnē''' binds a variable that may be referred back to using '''kúnē'''.
** '''do''' (the special variable name word) is no longer used, because every word can act like a variable name.
* '''do''' (the special variable name word) is no longer used, because every word can act like a variable name.
** '''baq''' is now a quantifier. '''baq pỏq''' means "people", the [[kind]], rather than "a person" or "some people".
* '''baq''' is now a quantifier. '''baq pỏq''' means "people", the [[kind]], rather than "a person" or "some people".
** '''hoı''' ("the aforementioned…") is now a quantifier.
* '''hoı''' ("the aforementioned…") is now a quantifier.
* The [[Small Grammar Update]]:
==== The [[Small Grammar Update]] ====
** Adverbs no longer work like '''sủaq dẽ = dẻ sûaq'''. Instead they just embellish the assertion (like '''sủaq, na ru dẻ hôq''').
* Adverbs no longer work like '''sủaq dẽ = dẻ sûaq'''. Instead they just embellish the assertion (like '''sủaq, na ru dẻ hôq''').
* The new [https://toaqlanguage.wordpress.com/2021/08/13/toaqs-pronominal-system/ pronoun system]:
==== The new [https://toaqlanguage.wordpress.com/2021/08/13/toaqs-pronominal-system/ pronoun system] ====
** '''ho''' is now always "[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anaphora_(linguistics) anaphoric]": it refers to someone mentioned earlier in the text. The new "[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exophora exophoric]" third-person pronoun is '''nhao'''.
* '''ho''' is now always "[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anaphora_(linguistics) anaphoric]": it refers to someone mentioned earlier in the text. The new "[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exophora exophoric]" third-person pronoun is '''nhao'''.
** '''ta''' is now a pronoun referring to adjectival descriptions like '''sa dẻ'''. There's no new 4th-slot tag to follow '''fı go cu'''.
* '''ta''' is now a pronoun referring to adjectival descriptions like '''sa dẻ'''. There's no new 4th-slot tag to follow '''fı go cu'''.
* [https://toaqlanguage.wordpress.com/2021/08/09/miscellanea-2/ Miscellanea #2]:
==== [https://toaqlanguage.wordpress.com/2021/08/09/miscellanea-2/ Miscellanea #2] ====
** '''lu''' now works the same in every tone (it didn't quite before), and always binds '''hoa'''.
* '''lu''' now works the same in every tone (it didn't quite before), and always binds '''hoa'''.
** '''la''' now starts a declaration the way '''ma''' starts a question. The fate of "old '''la'''" is undecided.
* '''la''' now starts a declaration the way '''ma''' starts a question. The fate of "old '''la'''" is undecided.
** Instead of '''lû''', say '''lâ''' now.
* Instead of '''lû''', say '''lâ''' now.
* [https://toaqlanguage.wordpress.com/2021/08/13/miscellanea-3/ Miscellanea #3]:
==== [https://toaqlanguage.wordpress.com/2021/08/13/miscellanea-3/ Miscellanea #3] ====
** '''ju''' takes a full sentence.
* '''ju''' takes a full sentence.
** '''lu''' is terminated by '''ky''', and relative/content clauses are terminated by '''cy'''.
* '''lu''' is terminated by '''ky''', and relative/content clauses are terminated by '''cy'''.

Revision as of 14:17, 3 September 2021

Here is an overview of changes since the Public Beta version of Toaq on http://toaq.org/.

Sounds and spelling

  • An update to the tones: the ǎ tone for relative clauses is now "rising glottal", and it is spelled ä. The ã tone for adverbs is now "falling glottal".
  • There are new consonants z /d͡z/ and nh /ɲ/. There is a new vowel y /ə/.
  • There are some new syllable endings, like uoı. They aren't fully set in stone yet.
  • Syllables may start with an unwritten glottal stop, like elū (elephant). Within a word it's written with an apostrophe: elū'āı.

Vocabulary

  • The interjections ha, hıa, hue are gone. Future interjections will probably look like: á, è, m̄.
  • A few common words have moved: toaq (language) is now zu. deoq (talk) is now koy. suo (broken) is now zuy.

The quantifiers update

  • Quantifiers now precede a falling-tone predicate phrase: sa rảı instead of sa ráı.
  • sa kủnē binds a variable that may be referred back to using kúnē.
  • do (the special variable name word) is no longer used, because every word can act like a variable name.
  • baq is now a quantifier. baq pỏq means "people", the kind, rather than "a person" or "some people".
  • hoı ("the aforementioned…") is now a quantifier.

The Small Grammar Update

  • Adverbs no longer work like sủaq dẽ = dẻ sûaq. Instead they just embellish the assertion (like sủaq, na ru dẻ hôq).

The new pronoun system

  • ho is now always "anaphoric": it refers to someone mentioned earlier in the text. The new "exophoric" third-person pronoun is nhao.
  • ta is now a pronoun referring to adjectival descriptions like sa dẻ. There's no new 4th-slot tag to follow fı go cu.

Miscellanea #2

  • lu now works the same in every tone (it didn't quite before), and always binds hoa.
  • la now starts a declaration the way ma starts a question. The fate of "old la" is undecided.
  • Instead of lû, say lâ now.

Miscellanea #3

  • ju takes a full sentence.
  • lu is terminated by ky, and relative/content clauses are terminated by cy.
Retrieved from "https://toaq.me/index.php?title=Changes_between_Beta_and_Gamma&oldid=72"