Determiner: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 23:39, 4 February 2022

A determiner is a particle that consumes a predicate phrase and produces a noun phrase.

For example: sa “some” is a determiner, bỉo “…is a cup” is a predicate phrase, and sa bỉo is a noun phrase meaning “some cup(s)”.

Semantically, these particles tend to correspond to logical quantifiers over a now-bound variable, plus an occurence of that variable. For example, the sa determiner corresponds to the $\exists$ quantifier. The tagged predicate phrase doubles both as a domain and a name for the variable.

In short, sa bỉo does three things:

introduces an existentially bound variable bío to the clause;
specifies that it refers to a cup (or some cups: see plural logic);
acts in its place in the sentence as an instance of this variable.

Hẻaq jí sa bỉo.
${\color {red}\exists {\textsf {bio}}}:{\color {orange}{\textrm {Bio}}({\textsf {bio}})\,\wedge }\,{\textrm {Heaq}}({\textsf {ji}},{\color {teal}{\textsf {bio}}})$
I'm holding some cup(s).

Determiner particles

Word	Meaning
sa	some X
tuq	every X
tushı	each X
tuq	all X
sıa	no X
ke	the X
hoı	the aforementioned X
baq	X in general, X-kind
hı	which X?
ja	λX

Additionally, can be analyzed as a tonal pseudo-determiner that refers to bound variables, or falls back to "implicitly-bound" ke X if there is no earlier binding.

Every, each, all

tu bỉo quantifies over the range of "cups-es". The possible values of bío include not only individual cups, but also groups of cups. A group of cups is also a bỉo, after all.

This can lead to surprising behavior (TODO example), and you want to say tushı instead.

tushı bỉo quantifies over "cups-es that are one", i.e. each individual cup. It's like tu bỉo ru shỉ.

tuq bỉo doesn't make a "for-all" statement. Instead it refers to the single entity "all cups (together)".

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-Grammatically, a '''quantifier''' is a particle that consumes a predicate phrase and produces a noun phrase.
+A '''determiner''' is a particle that consumes a predicate phrase and produces a noun phrase.
-For example: {{t|sa}} “some” is a quantifier, {{t|bỉo}} “…is a cup” is a predicate phrase, and {{t|sa bỉo}} is a noun phrase meaning “some cup(s)”.
+For example: {{t|sa}} “some” is a determiner, {{t|bỉo}} “…is a cup” is a predicate phrase, and {{t|sa bỉo}} is a noun phrase meaning “some cup(s)”.
-These particles are called “quantifiers” because they semantically corrsepond to a ''logical'' quantifier over a now-bound variable, plus an occurence of that variable. The consumed predicate phrase doubles both as a ''domain'' and a ''name'' for the variable.
+Semantically, these particles tend to correspond to logical '''quantifiers''' over a now-bound variable, plus an occurence of that variable. For example, the {{t|sa}} determiner corresponds to the <math>\exists</math> quantifier. The tagged predicate phrase doubles both as a ''domain'' and a ''name'' for the variable.
 In short, {{t|sa bỉo}} does three things:
@@ Line 12: / Line 12: @@
 <blockquote>
 {{t|Hẻaq jí <u>sa bỉo</u>.}}<br>
-<math>{\color{red}\exists \textsf{bio}}: {\color{orange}\textrm{Bio}(\textsf{bio}) \,\wedge} \, \textrm{Heaq}(\textsf{ji}, {\color{teal}\textsf{bio}})</math>
+<math>{\color{red}\exists \textsf{bio}}: {\color{orange}\textrm{Bio}(\textsf{bio}) \,\wedge} \, \textrm{Heaq}(\textsf{ji}, {\color{teal}\textsf{bio}})</math><br>
+I'm holding some cup(s).
 </blockquote>
+== Determiner particles ==
+{| class="wikitable"
+|-
+! Word !! Meaning
+|-
+| {{t|sa}} || some X
+|-
+| {{t|tuq}} || every X
+|-
+| {{t|tushı}} || each X
+|-
+| {{t|tuq}} || all X
+|-
+| {{t|sıa}} || no X
+|-
+| {{t|ke}} || the X
+|-
+| {{t|hoı}} || the aforementioned X
+|-
+| {{t|baq}} || X in general, X-[[kind]]
+|-
+| {{t|hı}} || which X?
+|-
+| {{t|ja}} || λX
+|}
+Additionally, {{tone|2}} can be analyzed as a tonal pseudo-determiner that refers to bound variables, or falls back to "implicitly-bound" {{t|ke X}} if there is no earlier binding.
+=== Every, each, all ===
+{{t|tu bỉo}} quantifies over the range of "cups-es". The possible values of {{t|bío}} include not only individual cups, but also groups of cups. A group of cups is also a {{t|bỉo}}, after all.
+This can lead to surprising behavior (TODO example), and you want to say {{t|tushı}} instead.
+{{t|tushı bỉo}} quantifies over "cups-es that are one", i.e. '''each''' individual cup. It's like {{t|tu bỉo ru shỉ}}.
+{{t|tuq bỉo}} doesn't make a "for-all" statement. Instead it refers to the single entity "all cups (together)".