Changes between Beta and Gamma: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 14:18, 3 September 2021

Here is an overview of changes since the Public Beta version of Toaq on http://toaq.org/.

An update to the tones: the ǎ tone for relative clauses is now "rising glottal", and it is spelled ä. The ã tone for adverbs is now "falling glottal".
There are new consonants z /d͡z/ and nh /ɲ/. There is a new vowel y /ə/.
There are some new syllable endings, like uoı. They aren't fully set in stone yet.
Syllables may start with an unwritten glottal stop, like elū (elephant). Within a word it's written with an apostrophe: elū'āı.

The interjections ha, hıa, hue are gone. Future interjections will probably look like: á, è, m̄.
A few common words have moved: toaq (language) is now zu. deoq (talk) is now koy. suo (broken) is now zuy.

Quantifiers now precede a falling-tone predicate phrase: sa rảı instead of sa ráı.
sa kủnē binds a variable that may be referred back to using kúnē.
do (the special variable name word) is no longer used, because every word can act like a variable name.
baq is now a quantifier. baq pỏq means "people", the kind, rather than "a person" or "some people".
hoı ("the aforementioned…") is now a quantifier.

Adverbs no longer work like sủaq dẽ = dẻ sûaq. Instead they just embellish the assertion (like sủaq, na ru dẻ hôq).

ho is now always "anaphoric": it refers to someone mentioned earlier in the text. The new "exophoric" third-person pronoun is nhao.
ta is now a pronoun referring to adjectival descriptions like sa dẻ. There's no new 4th-slot tag to follow fı go cu.

lu now works the same in every tone (it didn't quite before), and always binds hoa.
la now starts a declaration the way ma starts a question. The fate of "old la" is undecided.
Instead of lû, say lâ now.

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 * There are new consonants '''z''' [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_affricate#Voiced_alveolar_sibilant_affricate /d͡z/] and '''nh''' [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voiced_palatal_nasal /ɲ/]. There is a new vowel '''y''' [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid_central_vowel /ə/].
 * There are some new syllable endings, like '''uoı'''. They aren't fully set in stone yet.
-* Syllables [https://toaqlanguage.wordpress.com/2019/07/25/on-the-sounds-of-toaq-phonology-update/ may start with an unwritten glottal stop], like '''elū''' (elephant). Within a word it's written with an apostrophe: '''elū'āı'''.
+* Syllables may start with an unwritten glottal stop, like '''elū''' (elephant). Within a word it's written with an apostrophe: '''elū'āı'''.
 ==== Vocabulary ====
 * The interjections '''ha''', '''hıa''', '''hue''' are gone. Future interjections will probably look like: '''á''', '''è''', '''m̄'''.