Comparison of Lojban and Toaq: Difference between revisions
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| Usually SVO: .i mi {{green|cusku}} ra do || VSO: {{t|{{green|Kuq}} jí hóq súq da.}} | | Usually SVO: .i mi {{green|cusku}} ra do || VSO: {{t|{{green|Kuq}} jí hóq súq da.}} | ||
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| brivla, sumti, cmavo || [[Verb]], [[noun | | brivla, sumti, cmavo || [[Verb]], [[noun form]], [[particle]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
| cnima'o: .ui .ua .ue || [[Interjection]]: {{t|aja, â, obe!}} | | cnima'o: .ui .ua .ue || [[Interjection]]: {{t|aja, â, obe!}} | ||
Latest revision as of 20:43, 6 December 2023
| Lojban | Toaq |
|---|---|
| Stress segments words | Tones, stress, and vowel length segment words |
| .i begins sentences | Illocution marker ends sentence |
| Usually SVO: .i mi cusku ra do | VSO: Kuq jí hóq súq da. |
| brivla, sumti, cmavo | Verb, noun form, particle |
| cnima'o: .ui .ua .ue | Interjection: aja, â, obe! |
| vocatives: coi ki'e | Interjection: jadı, kıjı! |
| gismu | Root |
| lujvo | Compound word |
| No equivalent, jvajvo-ish | Serial verb |
| doi sumti | hóı NP |
| zo .djan. cmene la .djan. | Chua shú «Jaq» mí Jaq. |
| Singular logic and "xorlo" | Plural logic |
| su'o, ro, lo, le… | No equivalent, instead… |
| su'oi, ro'oi, ro'oi pa, ru'oi | Determiners: sá, tú, túq |
| lo'au, ri'oi, dau'u | Determiners: ké, hú, 
|
| BY, ko'V, vo'V | Anaphoric pronouns,
|
| No real equivalent, lo'e-ish | Kinds and báq |
| prenex zo'u stmt | Topic bï comment, Cleft verb nä |
| lo du'u … | Content clause: ꝡä … |
| lo nu … | Event accessor: é … |
| lo ka … ce'u … | Property: lä … já … |
| poi … ke'a … | Restrictive relative clause: wë … hóa … |
| noi … ke'a … | Incidental relative clause: jü … hóa … |
| lo poi'i … ke'a … | Free relative: ꝡé … hóa … |
| noi'a | Adverbials  , namely:
|
| — noi'a melbi | Adverb: dê |
| — noi'a zvati be lo purdi | Preposition: tî sóaq |
| noi'o'a fengu | Subject-sharing adverbial: fêı |
| ja ji je jonai jo'u | ra rı ru ro roı |
| lu … li'u | mó … teo |
| to … toi | kïo … kı |
| pareci mei'i | fue guheı saq (hundred two-ten three) |
| gismu have max. 5 places | Roots have max. 3 |
| se, te, ve, xe | Passivizers |
| Absent in Toaq: | |
| rafsi | Compounds retain unabbreviated word forms |
| zi'evla / fu'ivla | Not distinguished from roots |
| tanru | No equivalent. Use po or serials |
| mekso | Use normal grammar or math notation |
| lerfu | No special grammar |
| ga … gi … | No forethought connectives |
| zo'e, fV | Absent, must fill places in order |
| ka'e, na'o, pu, zi, na… | Auxiliary verbs are just verbs |
| sumti tcita | Use any verb as a preposition |
| lo'u, le'u, zoi | See Foreign quotation |