Reference Grammar of Toaq

Revision as of 21:20, 13 May 2022 by Uakci (talk | contribs)

The Reference Grammar of Toaq (or refgram) was published in September 2021, and can be found here. A Chinese translation was published by Haıdosıanı in February 2022 and an up-to-date version can be found here. It describes the grammar of Toaq 2021.

Changes since early-2021 Toaq

These are changes since (Toaq Beta + Changes since Public Beta). This overview is mostly relevant if you were already speaking Toaq when the refgram came out.)

  • New segmentation, no more even tone  
  • Introduction of Type I and Type II adverbials
  • Thematic role words like puoq and chou
  • Names for all the letters
  • aq must be used whenever available: an anaphoric pronoun in its skips over the would-be aq referent.
  • Numbers are split up and have special serialization rules
  • "Exhibitor slots" are officialized as "genitival serials"
  • Particles can be multisyllabic now, allowing for...
    • mıru, "Mx.", with same grammar as
    • tuq, tushı are quantifiers now
  • mao, juaq are KU-class particles now
  • , go, cu are "demoted to experimental"
  • Warning/permitting/agreement-seeking illocutions
  • New interjections, including nho "yes" and "no"
  • duoı is now spelled duo (old duo might be gone in favor of fa or other words?)
  • za "about to happen"