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The '''Derani alphabet''' (Toaq: {{derani|  |áofabeta mı Deranı}}) is the official native writing system of Toaq, first introduced in [[Toaq Delta]]. It is the successor of [[Hoelai]].
The '''Derani alphabet''' (Toaq: {{derani|󱛘󱚺󱛊󱛎󱛃󱚴󱚺󱚲󱚴󱚷󱚺󱛙 󱚰󱚹 󱛓󱚶󱚴󱚻󱚺󱚵󱚹󱛓|áofabeta mı Deranı}}) is the official native writing system of Toaq, first introduced in [[Toaq Delta]]. It is the successor of [[Hoelai]].


== Symbols ==
== Symbols ==
===Letters===
Below is a list of Derani letters. Vowels share letters with consonants.
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
!Derani
!Derani
Line 8: Line 11:
!IPA
!IPA
|-
|-
|<span style="font-size:150%">{{derani|}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:150%">{{derani|󱚰}}</span>
|M
|M
|{{derani||mameı}}
| {{derani|󱚰󱚺󱚰󱚴󱛎󱚹|mameı}}  
|/m/
|/m/
|-
|-
|<span style="font-size:150%">{{derani|}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:150%">{{derani|󱚲}}</span>
|B, U
|B, U
|{{derani||bubue}}
| {{derani|󱚲󱚲󱚲󱚲󱛍󱚴|bubue}}
|/b/, /u/
|/b/, /u/
|-
|-
|<span style="font-size:150%">{{derani|}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:150%">{{derani|󱚳}}</span>
|P
|P
|{{derani||pıpoq}}
| {{derani|󱚳󱚹󱚳󱛃󱛂|pıpoq}}
|/p/
|/pʰ/
|-
|-
|<span style="font-size:150%">{{derani|}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:150%">{{derani|󱚴}}</span>
|F, E
|F, E
|{{derani||fofuaq}}
| {{derani|󱚴󱛃󱚴󱚲󱛍󱚺󱛂|fofuaq}}
|/f/, /ɛ/
|/f/, /ɛ/
|-
|-
|<span style="font-size:150%">{{derani|}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:150%">{{derani|󱚵}}</span>
|N
|N
|{{derani||nanaq}}
| {{derani|󱚵󱚺󱚵󱚺󱛂|nanaq}}
|/n/
|/n/
|-
|<span style="font-size:150%">{{derani|󱚶}}</span>
|D
| {{derani|󱚶󱚲󱚶󱚴󱛍󱛃|dudeo}}
|/d/
|-
|<span style="font-size:150%">{{derani|󱚷}}</span>
|T
| {{derani|󱚷󱚹󱚷󱚹󱛍󱚴󱛂|tıtıeq}}
|/tʰ/
|-
|<span style="font-size:150%">{{derani|󱚸}}</span>
|Z
| {{derani|󱚸󱛃󱚸󱚴󱛍󱛃|zozeo}}
|/d͡z/
|-
|<span style="font-size:150%">{{derani|󱚹}}</span>
|C, I
| {{derani|󱚹󱚴󱚹󱛃󱛍󱚺|cecoa}}
|/t͡sʰ/, /i/
|-
|<span style="font-size:150%">{{derani|󱚺}}</span>
|S, A
| {{derani|󱚺󱚺󱛂󱚺󱚴󱛍󱛃󱛂|saqseoq}}
|/s/, /a/
|-
|<span style="font-size:150%">{{derani|󱚻}}</span>
|R
| {{derani|󱚻󱚺󱛎󱚹󱚻󱚲󱛍󱚺|raırua}}
|/ɾ/
|-
|<span style="font-size:150%">{{derani|󱚼}}</span>
|L
| {{derani|󱚼󱚺󱛎󱛃󱚼󱚹󱛂|laolıq}}
|/l/
|-
|<span style="font-size:150%">{{derani|󱚽}}</span>
|NH
| {{derani|󱚽󱚺󱚽󱛃󱛂|nhanhoq}}
|/ɲ/
|-
|<span style="font-size:150%">{{derani|󱚾}}</span>
|J
| {{derani|󱚾󱚲󱚾󱚲󱛍󱛃|jujuo}}
|/d͡ʑ/
|-
|<span style="font-size:150%">{{derani|󱚿}}</span>
|CH
| {{derani|󱚿󱚹󱚿󱚺󱛎󱛃|chıchao}}
|/t͡ɕʰ/
|-
|<span style="font-size:150%">{{derani|󱛀}}</span>
|SH
| {{derani|󱛀󱛃󱛀󱚹󱛍󱚺|shoshıa}}
|/ɕ/
|-
|<span style="font-size:150%">{{derani|󱛁}}</span><ref group="note" name=":0">Tone marks cannot attach to this letter due to its shape. They attach to the letter after it instead.</ref>
|Ꝡ
| {{derani|󱛁󱚴󱛁󱚺|ꝡeꝡa}}
|/w~j/
|-
|<span style="font-size:150%">{{derani|󱛂}}</span>
|Q
| {{derani|󱚺󱛂󱚺󱛂|aq'aq}}
|/ŋ/
|-
|<span style="font-size:150%">{{derani|󱛃}}</span>
|G, O
| {{derani|󱛃󱚲󱛃󱚲󱛍󱚹|guguı}}
|/ɡ/, /o/
|-
| <span style="font-size:150%">{{derani|󱛄}}</span>
|K
| {{derani|󱛄󱚹󱛄󱚲󱛍󱚴|kıkue}}
|/kʰ/
|-
|<span style="font-size:150%">{{derani|󱛅}}</span><ref name=":0" group="note" /><ref group="note" name=":1">O'aomo is always written in word-medial positions. In a word-initial position, it is only written if the letter after the first vowel letter is also a vowel letter, with no hiatus or diphthong mark between them.</ref>
|'
| {{derani|󱛃󱛅󱚺󱛎󱛃󱚰󱛃|o'aomo}}
|/ʔ/
|-
|<span style="font-size:150%">{{derani|󱛆}}</span>
|H
| {{derani|󱛆󱚴󱛆󱚺󱛂|hehaq}}
|/h/
|}
<references group="note" />
Diacritics are put under diphthongs and hiatuses to help with reading.
{| class="wikitable"
!Diphthong mark ({{Derani|◌󱛎◌}})
!Hiatus mark ({{Derani|◌󱛍◌}})
|-
|{{Derani|󱛆󱚺󱛎󱚹|haı}}
|{{Derani|󱛆󱚹󱛍󱚺|hia}}
|-
|{{Derani|󱚷󱚺󱛎󱛃|tao}}
|{{Derani|󱚷󱛃󱛍󱚺|toa}}
|-
|{{Derani|󱚼󱚴󱛎󱚹|leı}}
|{{Derani|󱚼󱚹󱛍󱚴|lıe}}
|}
|}
When reading, one should assume that the first letter is a consonant. If the second letter is consonant-only, the first letter should be a vowel.
Prefixes are separated from the main word by a {{derani|󱛒}} after the last prefix.
===[[Tones]]===


== Unicode encoding ==
The first tone {{done|1}} is not marked.
To type Derani characters, we use the block EDB0–EDDF of the Unicode Private Use Area. Check out the [https://github.com/toaq/fonts toaq/fonts repository] on GitHub for fonts that can display these characters. See [[Input methods#Deranı layouts|here]] for typing Derani.
{| class="wikitable"
!Tone
!Derani
! Latin
|-
|1 (falling)
|{{derani|◌}}
|◌
|-
|2 (rising)
|{{derani|◌󱛊}}
|◌́
|-
|3 (low glottal)
|{{derani|◌󱛋}}
|◌̈
|-
|4 (rising-falling)
|{{derani|◌󱛌}}
|◌̂
|}
 
===Punctuation===
 
{| class="wikitable"
!Derani
!Usage
|-
|{{derani|󱛕}}
|declarative full stop
|-
|{{derani|󱛖}}
|non-declarative, non-interogative full stop
|-
|{{derani|󱛗}}
|question mark
|-
|{{derani|󱛔}}
|subordination mark, marks increase or decrease in clausal nesting
|-
|{{derani|󱛓}}
|quotation mark
|-
|{{derani|󱛘}} and {{derani|󱛙}}
| marks variables to which can be referred with [[Animacy|anaphoric pronouns]] (only the head of a serial gets marked)
|-
|{{derani|󱛚}}
|for [[determiner]]s with null complements (e.g. saying {{derani|󱚺󱛊󱚺 󱛚|sá}} instead of {{derani|󱚺󱛊󱚺 󱚻󱚺󱛎󱚹|sá raı}})
|}
 
==Unicode encoding ==
To type Derani characters, we use the block F16B0–F16DF of the Unicode Private Use Area. Check out the [https://github.com/toaq/fonts toaq/fonts repository] on GitHub for fonts that can display these characters. See [[Input methods#Deranı layouts|here]] for typing Derani.
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
!
!
! colspan=2 | EDBx
! colspan="2" |F16Bx
! colspan=2 | EDCx
! colspan="2" | F16Cx
! colspan=2 | EDDx
! colspan="2" |F16Dx
|-
|-
!0
!0
|{{derani|}} || DERANI LETTER MAMEI
|{{derani|󱚰}}||DERANI LETTER MAMEI
|{{derani|}} || DERANI LETTER VEVA
|{{derani|󱛀}}|| DERANI LETTER SHOSHIA
|{{derani|◌◌}} || DERANI COMBINING DIPHTHONG MARK
| colspan="2" |
|-
|-
!1
!1
|{{derani|}} || DERANI LETTER BUBUE
| {{derani|󱚱}} || DERANI LETTER MAMEI CODA
|{{derani|}} || DERANI LETTER AQ-AQ
|{{derani|󱛁}}||DERANI LETTER VEVA
|{{derani|◌}} || DERANI COMBINING RISING TONE
| colspan="2" |
|-
|-
!2
!2
|{{derani|}} || DERANI LETTER PIPOQ
| {{derani|󱚲}} ||DERANI LETTER BUBUE
|{{derani|}} || DERANI LETTER GUGUI
|{{derani|󱛂}} ||DERANI LETTER AQ-AQ
|{{derani|◌}} || DERANI COMBINING LOW GLOTTAL TONE
|{{derani|󱛒}} ||DERANI MODIFIER LETTER PREFIX
|-
|-
!3
!3
|{{derani|}} || DERANI LETTER FOFUAQ
| {{derani|󱚳}}||DERANI LETTER PIPOQ
|{{derani|}} || DERANI LETTER KIKUE
|{{derani|󱛃}}||DERANI LETTER GUGUI
|{{derani|◌}} || DERANI COMBINING RISING-FALLING TONE
|{{derani|󱛓}} ||DERANI QUOTATION MARK
|-
|-
!4
!4
|{{derani|}} || DERANI LETTER NANAQ
|{{derani|󱚴}}||DERANI LETTER FOFUAQ
|{{derani|}} || DERANI LETTER O-AOMO
|{{derani|󱛄}}|| DERANI LETTER KIKUE
|{{derani|}} || DERANI MODIFIER LETTER PREFIX
|{{derani|󱛔}}|| DERANI SUBORDINATION MARK
|-
|-
!5
!5
|{{derani|}} || DERANI LETTER DUDEO
|{{derani|󱚵}}||DERANI LETTER NANAQ
|{{derani|}} || DERANI LETTER HEHAQ
|{{derani|󱛅}} ||DERANI LETTER O-AOMO
|{{derani|}} || DERANI QUOTATION MARK
|{{derani|󱛕}}||DERANI DECLARATIVE FULL STOP
|-
|-
!6
!6
|{{derani|}} || DERANI LETTER TITIEQ
| {{derani|󱚶}}
| colspan=2 |
|DERANI LETTER DUDEO
|{{derani|}} || DERANI SUBORDINATION MARK
|{{derani|󱛆}} ||DERANI LETTER HEHAQ
|{{derani|󱛖}}||DERANI OTHER FULL STOP
|-
|-
!7
!7
|{{derani|}} || DERANI LETTER ZOZEO
|{{derani|󱚷}}||DERANI LETTER TITIEQ
| colspan=2 |
| colspan="2" |
|{{derani|}} || DERANI DECLARATIVE FULL STOP
|{{derani|󱛗}}||DERANI INTERROGATIVE FULL STOP
|-
|-
!8
!8
|{{derani|}} || DERANI LETTER CECOA
| {{derani|󱚸}} || DERANI LETTER ZOZEO
| colspan=2 |
| colspan="2" |
|{{derani|}} || DERANI OTHER FULL STOP
| {{derani|󱛘}} || DERANI START OF CARTOUCHE
|-
|-
!9
!9
|{{derani|}} || DERANI LETTER SAQSEOQ
|{{derani|󱚹}}||DERANI LETTER CECOA
| colspan=2 |
| colspan="2" |
|{{derani|}} || DERANI INTERROGATIVE FULL STOP
|{{derani|󱛙}}||DERANI END OF CARTOUCHE
|-
|-
!A
!A
|{{derani|}} || DERANI LETTER RAIRUA
|{{derani|󱚺}}||DERANI LETTER SAQSEOQ
| colspan=2 |
|{{derani|◌󱛊}}||DERANI COMBINING RISING TONE
|{{derani|}} || DERANI CARTOUCHE START
|{{derani|󱛚}}||DERANI SYMBOL FOR NULL VARIABLE
|-
|-
!B
!B
|{{derani|}} || DERANI LETTER LAOLIQ
|{{derani|󱚻}}||DERANI LETTER RAIRUA
| colspan=2 |
|{{derani|◌󱛋}}||DERANI COMBINING LOW GLOTTAL TONE
|{{derani|}} || DERANI CARTOUCHE END
|<span style="background-color:teal">{{derani|󱛛}}</span>||DERANI COMPATIBILITY NON-BREAKING SPACE
|-
|-
!C
!C
|{{derani|}} || DERANI LETTER NHANHOQ
|{{derani|󱚼}} ||DERANI LETTER LAOLIQ
| colspan=2 |
| {{derani|◌󱛌}}||DERANI COMBINING RISING-FALLING TONE
|{{derani|}} || DERANI SYMBOL FOR NULL VARIABLE
| colspan="2" |
|-
|-
!D
!D
|{{derani|}} || DERANI LETTER JUJUO
|{{derani|󱚽}}||DERANI LETTER NHANHOQ
| colspan=2 |
|{{derani|◌󱛍◌}}||DERANI COMBINING HIATUS MARK
| colspan="2" |
| colspan="2" |
|-
|-
!E
!E
|{{derani|}} || DERANI LETTER CHICHAO
|{{derani|󱚾}}||DERANI LETTER JUJUO
| colspan=2 |
|{{derani|◌󱛎◌}}||DERANI COMBINING DIPHTHONG MARK
| colspan=2 |
| colspan="2" |
|-
|-
!F
!F
|{{derani|}} || DERANI LETTER SHOSHIA
|{{derani|󱚿}}||DERANI LETTER CHICHAO
| colspan=2 |
| colspan="2" |
| colspan=2 |
| colspan="2" |
|}
|}
Use of the combining characters follows Unicode convention, with tone marks appearing immediately after the letter they attach to, and the diphthong mark appearing between the two letters it attaches to.
Use of the combining characters follows Unicode convention, with tone marks appearing immediately after the letter they attach to, and the diphthong mark appearing between the two letters it attaches to.
The encoding has separate characters for the start and end of a cartouche. This is because cartouches can span across more than one word, so fonts need both ends delineated to know which letters they extend over.
Some software, including Firefox, Chrome, and Discord, has a tendency to switch back to a font without Derani support whenever it encounters a space. If a space appears inside a cartouche, as in the phrase {{Derani|​​​​​​​​​​󱛘󱛀󱛊󱚲 󱛓󱚰󱚺󱛎󱚹󱛓󱛙}}, the change in fonts prevents the cartouche from connecting all the way. As a workaround, a "compatibility non-breaking space" is provided which functions the same as a non-breaking space, with the difference that only fonts with Derani support will recognize it. It should only be used inside cartouches, and should be avoided in environments with more intelligent font selection.
==Displaying Derani on Discord==
Below are instructions for displaying the Derani script on Discord:
*'''(#1)''' Download and install the font at https://github.com/toaq/fonts/releases/ on your OS (for MS Windows, picking the TTF file may be recommendable);
*'''(#2)''' Install [https://betterdiscord.app/ Better Discord], [https://openasar.dev/ OpenAsar], or another equivalent, which will add several customization options to the interface of Discord;
*'''(#3)''' Open Discord, then open the custom CSS dialog (in the case of Better Discord, go to ⚙ ⊳ Custom CSS), and there copy-paste the following:
<pre>
@font-face {
  font-family: 'Derani';
  font-weight: 600;
  src: local('Derani');
}
* {
  --font-primary: "gg sans", "Noto Sans", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, 'Derani' !important;
  --font-display: "gg sans", "Noto Sans", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, 'Derani' !important;
  --font-headline: "ABC Ginto Nord","Noto Sans","Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif, 'Derani' !important;
  --font-code: Consolas,"Andale Mono WT","Andale Mono","Lucida Console","Lucida Sans Typewriter","DejaVu Sans Mono","Bitstream Vera Sans Mono","Liberation Mono","Nimbus Mono L",Monaco,"Courier New",Courier,monospace,'Derani' !important
}
[id^="message-content-"], [class^="username-"] {
  line-height: normal;
}
</pre>
Then, click “Save”, then “Update” (or alternatively, “Live Update”).
*'''(#4)''' Kill Discord, then restart it (doing Ctrl+R is apparently not enough; merely closing the application may not necessarily be sufficient).
==External links==
*[https://toaq.net/refgram/orthography/#derani Refgram: Derani]
Retrieved from "https://toaq.me/Special:MobileDiff/1101...1379"