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expand on serial coindexation and PRO
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== Coindexation == | == Coindexation == | ||
<div class="warningbox">This is an advanced section. You don't need to understand it to speak Toaq, but it might help you understand how programs like [[Kuna]] work.</div> | |||
Sometimes you might see the letters <code>ijx</code> in a frame. For example, {{t|sue}}'s frame is listed as <code>c c 1j</code> in the official dictionary. | Sometimes you might see the letters <code>ijx</code> in a frame. For example, {{t|sue}}'s frame is listed as <code>c c 1j</code> in the official dictionary. | ||
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The letter <code>x</code> means that there is no coindexation between the arguments of the verb and that lambda argument. The frame of {{t|mıa}} is <code>c 2ix</code> because the relation is applied between {{orange|<tt>i</tt>}} and "many things x". | The letter <code>x</code> means that there is no coindexation between the arguments of the verb and that lambda argument. The frame of {{t|mıa}} is <code>c 2ix</code> because the relation is applied between {{orange|<tt>i</tt>}} and "many things x". | ||
When recovering the [[deep structure]] of clauses using serial verbs, this coindexation info is used to translate serial verbs into non-finite clauses, turning their lambda arguments into covert pronouns (called "PRO") that correctly coindex with earlier DPs. | |||
{{Example|Nue caq mí Joq mí Bıo túe.|{{orange|mí Joq<sub>i</sub>}} ''v''<sub>cause</sub> [mí Bıo nue [{{orange|PRO<sub>i</sub>}} ''v''<sub>cause</sub> [caq túe]]]}} | |||
{{Example|Sue caq mí Joq mí Bıo túe.|mí Joq ''v''<sub>cause</sub> [{{blue|mí Bıo<sub>j</sub>}} sue [{{blue|PRO<sub>j</sub>}} ''v''<sub>cause</sub> [caq túe]]]}} | |||
See [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PRO_(linguistics) PRO (linguistics)] on Wikipedia. | |||