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: <b style=color:red>Note:</b> Some of the information presented on this page may be inaccurate or out of date. We recommend following the links to other articles on this wiki for up-to-date content.
=== The grammar seems very simple. Am I overlooking something? ===
=== The grammar seems very simple. Am I overlooking something? ===
✅ It is simple! You do not need to learn a lot of rules to be able to say a lot. More bang for your buck.
✅ It is simple! You do not need to learn a lot of rules to be able to say a lot. More bang for your buck.
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=== What does tone X do? ===
=== What does tone X do? ===
✅ See the following table:
✅ See the following table:
{| class=wikitable
{| class=wikitable
! #  !! Name                !! Mark      !! Creates/Used with
! #  !! Name                !! Mark      !! Creates/Used with
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| 8️⃣ || Neutral tone        || {{tone|8}} || particle
| 8️⃣ || Neutral tone        || {{tone|8}} || particle
|}
|}
Tone 1 used to be {{tone|1}}, a flat tone that formed compounds. Nowadays Toaq uses word tone instead of syllable tone, therefore tone 1 is no longer needed anymore (although the numbers of the other tones have not changed to reflect this).
; See article: [[Tone]]
; See article: [[Tone]]


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=== Is there a way to check whether my sentence is correct? ===
=== Is there a way to check whether my sentence is correct? ===
✅ Yes, using one of the online parsers:  
✅ Yes, using one of the online parsers:  
: http://toaq.org/parser/  
* https://toaq.net/zugai/ (in-development, may lack some features, but produces detailed output)
: http://toaq.herokuapp.com/
* https://toaq.net/peg/ (up-to-date and produces a simplistic tree; may accept some incorrect inputs)
If you're on [[Discord]] or Telegram, you can also use the <code>%miu</code> command to talk to the parser [[Nuogaı|bot]].
* https://toaq.herokuapp.com/ (outdated)
 
If you're on [[Discord]] or Telegram, you can also use commands like <code>%english %logic %structure</code> (for [[Zugaı]]) and <code>%miu</code> for the outdated [[Mıu]]; [[Nuogaı|more bot commands are listed here]].


=== How do I type the tone marks/symbols/diacritics? ===
=== How do I type the tone marks/symbols/diacritics? ===
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|-
|-
| jẽo || bũ
| jẽo || bũ
|-
| Nủ da. || Bủ nủ da.
|-
|-
| Jẻo hóq da. || Bủ hóq da.
| Jẻo hóq da. || Bủ hóq da.
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=== X seems to be missing from the language. Why does Toaq not have X? ===
=== X seems to be missing from the language. Why does Toaq not have X? ===
✅ Part of the philosophy behind the initial design was that I didn't want to over-engineer the language. Lojban (to name a random example) started out with a boatload of complicated rules that turned out not to be beneficial. I would rather start out with too few rules and only add extensions when it's clearly needed, avoiding clutter.
✅ Part of the philosophy behind the initial design was that I didn't want to over-engineer the language. Lojban (to name a random example) started out with a boatload of complicated rules that turned out not to be beneficial. I would rather start out with too few rules and only add extensions when it's clearly needed, avoiding clutter.
In doing so, I'm also giving the language the chance to grow organically with the help of its speakers.
In doing so, I'm also giving the language the chance to grow organically with the help of its speakers.


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=== What's the process for creating taxonomic vocabulary (animals/plants)? ===
=== What's the process for creating taxonomic vocabulary (animals/plants)? ===
✅ The process follows these steps:
✅ The process follows these steps:
; Find the scientific name of the animal or plant  
#; Find the scientific name of the animal or plant  
:   Let's use butterfly and spider as examples.
#: Let's use butterfly and spider as examples.
; Check the etymology of the name.
#
:  For "butterfly" the order is called "Lepidoptera", for "spider" we get "Araneae"
#; Check the etymology of the name.
; If the name is a compound, make a calque of the compound.
#:  For "butterfly" the order is called "Lepidoptera", for "spider" we get "Araneae"
:  This is the case for "Lepidoptera", which is put together from λεπίς (lepís, "scale") and πτερόν (pterón, "wing").
#
Translating "scale wing", we arrive at the Toaq word for butterfly: {{t|tıqshoaı}}
#; If the name is a compound, make a calque of the compound.
; If the name is not a compound, follow the etymology as far back as possible, then borrow that word.*
#:  This is the case for "Lepidoptera", which is put together from λεπίς (lepís, "scale") and πτερόν (pterón, "wing").
:  This is the case for "Araneae", which can be traced back to Ancient Greek ἀράχνη (arákhnē). Toaq-ifying yields {{t|arane}}, which is our word for spider.
#: Translating "scale wing", we arrive at the Toaq word for butterfly: {{t|tıqshoaı}}
#
#; If the name is not a compound, follow the etymology as far back as possible, then borrow that word.*
#:  This is the case for "Araneae", which can be traced back to Ancient Greek ἀράχνη (arákhnē). Toaq-ifying yields {{t|arane}}, which is our word for spider.


=== What's the vowel order? ===
=== What's the vowel order? ===
✅ A U I O E Y  
✅ {{t|A U I O E Y}}


=== How can I join the discord server? ===
=== How can I join the discord server? ===
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=== How can I join the Telegram groups? ===
=== How can I join the Telegram groups? ===
✅ Use these invite links:  
✅ Use these invite links:  
; ✅ general: https://t.me/joinchat/CWpuWUMl0JeW7-TdO6PnAQ
* ✅ general: https://t.me/joinchat/CWpuWUMl0JeW7-TdO6PnAQ
; ✅ chiejio: https://t.me/joinchat/CWpuWUPKUdAiT7KR6SiE7w
* ✅ chiejio: https://t.me/joinchat/CWpuWUPKUdAiT7KR6SiE7w
; ✅ toaq-only: https://t.me/joinchat/CWpuWUSC9pqnzPyufkQsrA
* ✅ toaq-only: https://t.me/joinchat/CWpuWUSC9pqnzPyufkQsrA
; ✅ toashuaq: https://t.me/joinchat/CWpuWUvrHSdLL3JneDjp9Q
* ✅ toashuaq: https://t.me/joinchat/CWpuWUvrHSdLL3JneDjp9Q
; ✅ off-topic: https://t.me/joinchat/CWpuWVJC8_-EMukIAjMfYQ
* ✅ off-topic: https://t.me/joinchat/CWpuWVJC8_-EMukIAjMfYQ


=== What's a tonal pangram? ===
=== What's a tonal pangram? ===
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=== Is there an automatic interpreter of Toaq? Is there a translator from Toaq to logic notation? ===
=== Is there an automatic interpreter of Toaq? Is there a translator from Toaq to logic notation? ===
✅ Indeed there is!
✅ Indeed there is!
Go to http://toaq.herokuapp.com/, hit the blue button, then select LOGIC.
 
; See article: [[Mıu]]
Go to https://toaq.net/zugai/ and select logic. Note that Zugaı is still in development, so some things may not work as expected.
 
; See article: [[Zugaı]]


=== How do you say "I'm making some coffee" in Toaq? ===
=== How do you say "I'm making some coffee" in Toaq? ===
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=== What are the personal pronouns? ===
=== What are the personal pronouns? ===
✅ Toaq's 'pronouns' are verbs. Instead of a word for "I/me", there's a verb meaning "to be me". These are the personal reference predicates:
✅ Toaq's 'pronouns' are verbs. Instead of a word for "I/me", there's a verb meaning "to be me". These are the personal reference predicates:
{|
{| class=wikitable
| {{t|jı  }} || ''"to be me",                          '' || {{t|jí }} || ''"I"  ''      
| me          || colspan=4 |               || = || {{t|jí}}   || ''I, me''
|-
|-
| {{t|suq  }} || ''"to be you",                        '' || {{t|súq}} || ''"you" ''      
| colspan=2 | || you         || colspan=2 | || = || {{t|súq}} || ''you''
|-
|-
| {{t|nhao }} || ''"to be him/her/them",                '' || {{t|hó }} || ''"they"''      
| colspan=4 |                || they        || = || {{t|nháo}} || ''they/them, he/him, she/her''
|-
|-
| {{t|muy  }} || ''"to be us (you + me)",              '' || {{t|múy}} || ''"we"  ''      
| colspan=2 | || you         || + || they  || = || {{t|súo}} || ''you''
|-
|-
| {{t|mıy  }} || ''"to be us (him/her/them + me)",      '' || {{t|míy}} || ''"we"  ''      
| me          || + || you    || colspan=2 | || = || {{t|úmı}} || ''we, us''
|-
|-
| {{t|may  }} || ''"to be us (you + me + him/her/them)",'' || {{t|máy}} || ''"we"  ''      
| me          || colspan=2 | || + || they  || = || {{t|ínhe}} || ''we, us''
|-
|-
| {{t|suo  }} || ''"to be you (you + him/her/them)",    '' || {{t|súo}} || ''"you" ''      
| me          || + || you   || + || they  || = || {{t|ámao}} || ''we, us''
|}
|}
{{t|súq}} and {{t|nháo}} can be singular or plural. When necessary, plurality can be expressed by using {{t|puq}} (e.g. {{t|púq nhảo}} "they").
{{t|súq}} and {{t|nháo}} can be singular or plural. When necessary, plurality can be expressed by using {{t|puq}} (e.g. {{t|púq nhảo}} "they").
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=== How do you make a plural? How do you pluralize a noun? ===
=== How do you make a plural? How do you pluralize a noun? ===
✅ Toaq nouns are not inflected for grammatical number. Any noun can refer to one or more things. When necessary, singular and plural can be made explicit:
✅ Toaq nouns are not inflected for grammatical number. Any noun can refer to one or more things. When necessary, singular and plural can be made explicit:
: To specify a singular, use {{t|shı}} ("one") as the head of a serial predicate.
* To specify a singular, use {{t|shı}} ("one") as the head of a serial predicate.
:: Example: {{t|shí jỉo}} "the [one] building" (explicit singular)
*: Example: {{t|shí jỉo}} "the [one] building" (explicit singular)
: To specify a plural, use puq ("multiple") as the head of a serial predicate.
*
:: Example: {{t|púq jỉo}} "the [more than one] buildings" (explicit plural).
* To specify a plural, use puq ("multiple") as the head of a serial predicate.
*: Example: {{t|púq jỉo}} "the [more than one] buildings" (explicit plural).
Marking number is never required. It is usually obvious (or not terribly important) whether something is one thing or more than one thing. When in doubt, read a bare noun as plural unless context suggests otherwise.  
Marking number is never required. It is usually obvious (or not terribly important) whether something is one thing or more than one thing. When in doubt, read a bare noun as plural unless context suggests otherwise.  


=== Why do I sometimes see words ending with consonants other than q? / What is vietoaq? / What are these weird word shapes? ===
=== Why do I sometimes see words ending with consonants other than q? / What is vietoaq? / What are these weird word shapes? ===
✅ Vietoaq is a way of encoding tones without diacritics. Each tone is marked via a specific consonant at the end of a syllable. For closed syllables (q in the coda), the voiced equivalent of the same consonant is used.
✅ Vietoaq is a now obsolete way of encoding tones without diacritics. Each tone is marked via a specific consonant at the end of a syllable. For closed syllables (q in the coda), the voiced equivalent of the same consonant is used.
; See: [[Vietoaq]]
; See: [[Vietoaq]]
; Lıq's Vietoaq practice tool: http://foldr.moe/vietoaq/
; [[User:Lynn|Lynn]]'s Vietoaq practice tool: http://foldr.moe/vietoaq/


=== Why are some tones missing from this text and some are not? Sparse tonal marking ===
=== Why are some tones missing from this text and some are not? Sparse tonal marking ===
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| {{class|ku}}  || {{t|ku}}, {{t|beı}}, {{t|mao}}, {{t|tou}}, {{t|juaq}}
| {{class|ku}}  || {{t|ku}}, {{t|beı}}, {{t|mao}}, {{t|tou}}, {{t|juaq}}
|-
|-
| {{class|hu}}  || {{t|hu}}, {{t|jıy}}
| {{class|hu}}  || {{t|hu}}, {{t|jıbı}}/{{t|jıy}}
|-
|-
| {{class|kıo}} || ({{t|kıo}}
| {{class|kıo}} || ({{t|kıo}}
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|}
|}


=== What's up with the letter ⟨q⟩ in this language? Pronunciation / allophones of ⟨q⟩ ===
=== What's up with the letter {{t|q}} in this language? Pronunciation / allophones of {{t|q}} ===
✅ ⟨q⟩ is somewhat special and its pronunciation may not be immediately obvious. It is usually pronounced like English ⟨ng⟩ (IPA [ŋ]), but it has the optional allophones [n] and [m], following these rules:
✅ {{t|q}} is somewhat special and its pronunciation may not be immediately obvious. It is usually pronounced like English ⟨ng⟩ (IPA [ŋ]), but it has the optional allophones [n] and [m]. The use of the letter Q is a nod to [https://loglangs.wiki/Ceqli Rex May’s Ceqli], an international auxiliary language with loglang elements; it’s also found in natural languages such as Fijian (where it represents [ᵑɡ], to be exact).
: The default pronunciation is IPA [ŋ], and it keeps this pronunciation before {{t|k, g, l, m, n, r, f, h, s, sh}}, and at the end of a breath group.
 
: Before {{t|t, d, c, ch, j}}, it is pronounced [n].
The [n] and [m] allophones these rules:
: Before {{t|p, b}}, it is pronounced [m].
* The default pronunciation is IPA [ŋ], and it keeps this pronunciation before {{t|m, f, n, s, r, l, nh, sh, g, k, ', h}}, and at the end of a breath group.
: Examples:  
* Before {{t|d, t, z, c, j, ch}}, it is pronounced [n].
* Before {{t|b, p}}, it is pronounced [m].
Examples:
: {{t|kaqgaı}} → [kʰaŋ.gaɪ] ("to see")
: {{t|kaqgaı}} → [kʰaŋ.gaɪ] ("to see")
: {{t|jaq de}} → [d͡ʑan.dɛ:] ("to be very beautiful")
: {{t|jaq de}} → [d͡ʑan.dɛ:] ("to be very beautiful")
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|}
|}


=== What's the difference between an indirect question and a "lú" phrase? ===
=== What's the difference between an indirect question and a {{t|lú}} phrase? ===
✅ The distinction is extremely important logically speaking, but English usually conflates the two, so many people overlook the difference. The following example illustrates the difference:
✅ The distinction is extremely important logically speaking, but English usually conflates the two, so many people overlook the difference. The following example illustrates the difference:
# {{t|Dủa jí chî súq hı rảı}} – I know what you believe
# {{t|Dủa jí chî súq hı rảı}} – I know what you believe
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https://media.giphy.com/media/ggK1ZflC7o7OLMJ3Xk/giphy.gif
https://media.giphy.com/media/ggK1ZflC7o7OLMJ3Xk/giphy.gif
== References ==
<references />
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