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{{Hatnote|This applied to previous versions of Toaq but does not apply to the current version. See [[#Toaq Delta]].}}
:''Not to be confused with [[wikipedia:Terminator_(franchise)|Terminator]].''
:''Not to be confused with [[wikipedia:Terminator_(franchise)|Terminator]].''


A '''terminator''' is a [[particle]] that carries no meaning whose purpose is to show where a [[phrase]] of a certain kind ends. Some [[particle]]s, like {{t|po}}, {{t|mı}}, {{tone|5}}, open phrase – for example, {{t|po}} expects a [[noun phrase]] to immediately follow, and {{tone|5}} opens a [[clause|full “nested sentence”]]. And sometimes it is necessary to specify where that phrase ends, for unambiguity’s sake.
A '''terminator''' is a [[particle]] (that carries no meaning) whose purpose is to show where a [[phrase]] of a certain kind ends. Some [[particle]]s, like {{t|po}}, {{t|mı}}, {{tone|5}}, open a new phrase – for example, {{t|po}} expects a [[noun phrase]] to immediately follow, and {{tone|5}} opens a [[clause|full “nested sentence”]]. And sometimes it is necessary to specify where that phrase ends, for unambiguity’s sake.


== A common example: {{class|po|object-incorporating verb}} phrases ==
== A common example: {{class|po|object-incorporating verb}} phrases ==
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|-
|-
| colspan=3 |
| colspan=3 |
| style=vertical-align:top; | ╱<br>CopV<sub>F</sub>P
| ╱<br>CopV<sub>F</sub>P
|
|
| &emsp; <!-- strut -->
| &emsp; <!-- strut -->
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|-
|-
|
|
| style=vertical-align:top; | ╱<br>CopVP
| ╱<br>CopVP
| colspan=2 |
| colspan=2 |
| ╲<br>CopV<sub>F</sub>
| ╲<br>CopV<sub>F</sub>
|
|
| style=vertical-align:top; | △<br>{{t|tỏa}}
| △<br>{{t|tỏa}}
|-
|-
| ╱<br>CopV<br>│<br>{{t|pỏ}}
| ╱<br>CopV
|
|
| style=vertical-align:top; | ╲<br>DP<br>△<br>{{t|jí}}
| ╲<br>DP
|
|
| style=vertical-align:top; | │<br>{{t|ga}}
| │<br>{{t|ga}}
|-
| │<br>{{t|pỏ}}
|
| △<br>{{t|jí}}
|}
|}


(Note: some internal CopVP structure was omitted for brevity.)
(Note: some internal CopVP structure was omitted for brevity.) X<sub>F</sub>P is an arbitrary convention for a phrase that terminates XP; see [https://github.com/toaq/zugai/issues/10 this] issue on the [[zugaı]] issue tracker for normative diagrams.
 
In fact it would not be far-fetched to remove terminators from a future version of Toaq in their entirety. This quote due to [[And Rosta]]:
: I agree both that spoken parentheses (as they are described and conceptualized by the loglangs that employ them) are unnatural and that they can be reconceptualized as something more natural. What's less redeemable, I think, is the unnaturalness of the conditions on the so-called elidability of the terminators. As a loglanger I should hardly carp at unnaturalness, but I would at least want the conditions to be explicitly specified and demonstrated to be ergonomic. My introspective sense is that it's easy enough to insert/unelide terminators at a kind of editing and proofreading stage, a stage at which you tweak the text to avoid misparses by the reader, but not at the first stage of composition, nor easy to formulate the rules of elidability.


== Avoiding terminators altogether ==
== Avoiding terminators altogether ==


It is possible that a future version of Toaq does away with terminators entirely, since it is usually sufficient to place heavy constituents on the far right of a sentence, corroborating Toaq’s right-branching syntax, and if necessary move any interlopers to the [[topic]] (which is terminated by {{t|bı}} – but this terminator usage is fine because a topic phrase is not ''introduced'' by any particle). Here’s an example of these repair strategies in use:
It usually suffices to place heavy constituents on the far right of a sentence, corroborating Toaq’s right-branching syntax, and if necessary move any interlopers to the [[topic]] (which is terminated by {{t|bı}} – but this terminator usage is fine because a topic phrase is not ''introduced'' by any particle). Here’s an example of these repair strategies in use:


<blockquote><poem>
<blockquote><poem>
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! colspan=3 | Example <span style="font-weight: normal;>(underline shows how far the phrase extends)</span>
! colspan=3 | Example <span style="font-weight: normal;>(underline shows how far the phrase extends)</span>
|-
|-
! Without terminator !! → !! With terminator
! Without terminator !! With terminator
|-
|-
| {{class|po|object-incorporating verbs}} || {{t|ga}}
| {{class|po|object-incorporating verbs}} || {{t|ga}}
| {{t|<u>pỏ súq nỉaı</u>}} ''you, an animal’s'' || || {{t|<u>pỏ súq ga</u> nỉaı}} ''your animal''
| {{t|<u>pỏ súq nỉaı</u>}} ''you, an animal’s'' || {{t|<u>pỏ súq ga</u> nỉaı}} ''your animal''
|-
|-
| {{class|mı|name marker}} || {{t|ga}} (unofficially, {{t|ceı}})
| {{class|mı|name marker}} || {{t|ga}} (unofficially, {{t|ceı}})
| {{t|<u>mỉ mỉao kảto</u>}} ''“Moon-Cat”'' || || {{t|<u>mỉ mỉao ga</u> kảto}} ''“Moon” the cat''
| {{t|<u>mỉ mỉao kảto</u>}} ''“Moon-Cat”'' || {{t|<u>mỉ mỉao ga</u> kảto}} ''“Moon” the cat''
|-
|-
| {{class|lu|free relative clause (as in “the one who …”)}}  || {{t|ky}}
| {{class|lu|free relative clause (as in “the one who …”)}}  || {{t|ky}}
| {{t|mảı jí sa <u>lủ mảı hóa fúy</u> da}} ''I love somebody who loves me'' || || {{t|<u>lủ mảı hóa jí ky</u> nháo da}} ''they are such that I love them''
| {{t|Mảı jí sa <u>lủ mảı hóa fúy</u> da}} ''I love somebody who loves me'' || {{t|<u>Lủ mảı hóa jí ky</u> nháo da}} ''They are such that they love me''
|-
| [[clause]] ({{tone|3}} or {{tone|5}}) || {{t|cy}}<ref group=note name=type-2-termination />
| {{t|Dảı <u>rûaq jí róu</u> da}} ''It’s possible that I state it'' || {{t|Dảı <u>rûaq jí cy</u> róu da}} ''Given this, it’s possible that I state''
|}
|}
<span style="font-size: smaller"><references group=note>
<ref name=type-2-termination>While not officially confirmed or denied, clauses seem to be terminable with adverbials. For example, in {{t|Cả rôq nháo põı jảq mẻo rôq mao jí jẽo nãı da}} ''That they cried in great sadness now caused me to cry as well'', the noun phrase {{t|rôq…}} can’t possibly be included in the first {{t|rôq…}} clause as it appears after {{t|põı jảq mẻo}}, and adverbs go at the end of a clause – and {{t|nãı}} is similarly ousted to the outer clause because it’s preceded by {{t|jẽo}}, which is type-2 (and type-2 always follows type-1). There is a proposal for supplanting {{t|cy}} with {{t|nã}}, where {{t|na}} would be a vacuous type-2 adverbial ({{t|jeo}}?).</ref>
</references></span>


Apart from all these, {{class|hu|vocative particle}}, which are used for vocatives, are sometimes understood as terminated with {{t|ga}}. However this would seem unnecessary as {{class|hu|vocative particle}} are commonly used between sentences, in which case you may use {{t|lả}}, e.g., {{t|hu káto lả chủq súq ba}} ''O cat, you should eat!''.
Apart from all these, {{class|hu|vocative particle}}, which are used for vocatives, are sometimes understood as terminated with {{t|ga}}. However this would seem unnecessary as {{class|hu|vocative particle}} are commonly used between sentences, in which case you may use {{t|lả}}, e.g., {{t|hu káto lả chủq súq ba}} ''O cat, you should eat!''.
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{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Structure
! Structure
! Terminator
! Starts with
! Ends with
! An example just for you
|-
|-
| {{class|mo|full-text quote marker}} || {{t|teo}}
| full-text quote || {{t|mo}} || {{t|teo}}
| {{t|Kủq nháo mó «Mảı jí súq da» teo da.}} ''They said, “I love you”.''
|-
| parenthetical statement || {{t|kıo}} || {{t|kı}}
| {{t|Mả tỉjuı súq moq? (kıo ỉq jí da kı)}} ''Are you close by? (I am)''
|-
| topic || (start of clause) || {{t|bı}}
| {{t|lâ seku bủ bı, chỉ bủ jí}} ''…that as for most false things, I deem them false''
|-
| incidental statement || {{t|ju}} || {{class|da|illocution}}
| {{t|Gảı jí sa rủa da, ju kủao máq da}} ''I saw a flower, which was green.''
|}
 
==Toaq Delta==
Toaq Delta no longer uses the terminators described as skippable above. It also does not use {{class|da|illocution}} to terminate {{T|ju}}.
 
For {{class|po|object-incorporating verbs}} and {{class|mı|name marker}}, they now come after what they describe, as with all other adjectives.
{| class="wikitable"
!Toaq Delta
!Toaq Gamma
!English
|-
|{{t|nıaı po súq}}
|{{t|<u>pỏ súq ga</u> nỉaı}}
|your animal
|-
|{{t|káto mı mıao}}
|{{t|<u>mỉ mỉao ga</u> kảto}}
|“Moon” the cat
|}
 
For subordinate clauses and relative clauses, [[self-termination]] is applied, meaning if an argument is added after a subclause or relative clause has already been “filled,” the argument will go to the level above. An unfortunate side effect of this is that now, one cannot attach an adverbial to a main clause that ends with a subordinate clause because it would attach to that subclause instead. The same is true for relative clauses. Instead, one should move the adverbial to come after the verb but before the first argument.
{| class="wikitable"
!Toaq Delta
!Toaq Gamma
!English
|-
|-
| {{class|kıo|open parenthesis}} || {{t|kı}}
|{{t|<u>Ꝡe maı hóa jí</u> nháo da}}||{{t|<u>Lủ mảı hóa jí ky</u> nháo da}}
|They are such that they love me.
|-
|-
| topic || {{t|bı}}
|{{t|Paı káto <u>ꝡë zudeq hóa Tóaqzu</u> tú da}}||{{t|Pảı káto <u>züdeq hóa Tóaqzu cy</u> tu da}}
|The cat who speaks Toaq is a friend to all.
|-
|-
| [[clause]] ({{tone|3}} or {{tone|5}}) || {{t|cy}}
|{{t|Ca <u>é tı súq ní</u>&emsp13;<u>ꝡä jaı jí</u> da.}}||{{t|Cả <u>tî súq ní cy</u>&emsp13;<u>jâı jí (cy)</u> da.}}
|You being here makes me happy.
|}
|}


While not officially confirmed or denied, clauses seem to be terminable with adverbials. For example, in {{t|Cả rôq nháo põı jảq mẻo rôq mao jí jẽo nãı da}} ''That they cried in great sadness now caused me to cry as well'', the noun phrase {{t|rôq…}} can’t possibly be included in the first {{t|rôq…}} clause as it appears after {{t|põı jảq mẻo}}, and adverbs go at the end of a clause – and {{t|nãı}} is similarly ousted to the outer clause because it’s preceded by {{t|jẽo}}, which is type-2 (and type-2 always follows type-1). There is a proposal for supplanting {{t|cy}} with {{t|nã}}, where {{t|na}} would be a vacuous type-2 adverbial ({{t|jeo}}?).
{{t|Mo}}, {{t|kıo}}, and topics and still terminated by {{t|teo}}, {{t|kı}}, and {{t|bï}} (previously {{t|bı}}), respectively.
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