Cheat sheet: Difference between revisions
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__NOTOC__ | |||
<div style="display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap;"> | |||
<div class="cheat-sheet-card"> | |||
=== Pronouns === | |||
* {{t|jí}} = I | |||
* {{t|súq}} = you (sg.) | |||
* {{t|súna}} = you all (pl.) | |||
* {{t|nháo}} = he/she/they (sg.) | |||
* {{t|nhána}} = they (pl.) | |||
* {{t|úmo}} = I+you | |||
* {{t|íme}} = I+they | |||
* {{t|súho}} = I+you+they | |||
* {{t|há}} = one/people <small>(as in "One does not simply walk into Mordor")</small> | |||
These pronouns refer back to words of a certain [[animacy class]]: | |||
* {{t|hó}} = him/her/them (animate) | |||
* {{t|máq}} = it (inanimate) | |||
* {{t|hóq}} = it (abstract) | |||
* {{t|tá}} = it (adjective) | |||
Attach {{t|-bo}} to pronouns to make genitive words: | |||
* {{t|jıbo}} = ___ is mine | |||
* {{t|suqbo}} = ___ is yours | |||
* {{t|maqbo}} = ___ is its (inanimate) | |||
For example: | |||
* {{t|Jıbo kúe ní (da).}} = "This is my book" | |||
* {{t|Bo súq kúe jıbo (da).}} = "You have my book" | |||
</div> | |||
<div class="cheat-sheet-card"> | |||
=== Nature vocab === | |||
* {{t|poq}} = ___ is a person | |||
* {{t|ocha}} = ___ is a human | |||
* {{t|nıaı}} = ___ is an animal | |||
* {{t|deo}} = ___ is a child | |||
* {{t|kato}} = ___ is a cat | |||
* {{t|kune}} = ___ is a dog | |||
* {{t|cıe}} = ___ is a fish | |||
* {{t|hoe}} = ___ is a sun | |||
* {{t|mıao}} = ___ is a moon | |||
* {{t|nao}} = ___ is water | |||
* {{t|haq}} = ___ is food | |||
* {{t|rua}} = ___ is a flower | |||
<hr/> | |||
==== Colors ==== | |||
* {{t|reo}} = ___ has color ___ | |||
* {{t|reocuaq}} = ___ is a color | |||
<div> | |||
<span class=embiggen style="background-color: #fdd; ">{{t|kıa |___ is red }}</span> | |||
<span class=embiggen style="background-color: #fed; ">{{t|naraq|___ is orange}}</span> | |||
<span class=embiggen style="background-color: #ffd; ">{{t|lue |___ is yellow}}</span> | |||
<span class=embiggen style="background-color: #dfd; ">{{t|rıq |___ is green }}</span> | |||
<span class=embiggen style="background-color: #dfe; ">{{t|kuao |___ is cyan }}</span> | |||
<span class=embiggen style="background-color: #ddf; ">{{t|mıo |___ is blue }}</span> | |||
<span class=embiggen style="background-color: #edf; ">{{t|loa |___ is purple}}</span> | |||
<span class=embiggen style="background-color: #fff; ">{{t|bao |___ is white }}</span> | |||
<span class=embiggen style="background-color: #999; ">{{t|ruı |___ is gray }}</span> | |||
<span class=embiggen style="background-color: #333; color: #ddd;">{{t|kuo |___ is black }}</span> | |||
<span class=embiggen style="background-color: #654; color: #ddd;">{{t|tıaq |___ is brown }}</span> | |||
</div> | |||
<small>All of the above verbs mean "___ has color X", not "___ is the color X".</small> | |||
</div><div class="cheat-sheet-card"> | |||
=== Everyday vocab === | |||
* {{t|maı}} = ___ loves ___ | |||
* {{t|paı}} = ___ is a friend of ___ | |||
* {{t|cho}} = ___ likes ___ | |||
* {{t|hıo}} = ___ greets/bids farewell to ___ | |||
<small> | |||
:* {{t|ceohıo}} = ___ says hi to ___ | |||
:* {{t|shaıhıo}} = ___ says bye to ___ | |||
</small> | |||
* {{t|chuq}} = ___ eats ___ | |||
* {{t|pıe}} = ___ drinks ___ | |||
* {{t|kuq}} = ___ says ___ to ___ | |||
* {{t|koy}} = ___ talks to ___ | |||
* {{t|gı}} = ___ is good | |||
* {{t|huı}} = ___ is bad | |||
* {{t|de}} = ___ is beautiful | |||
* {{t|tı}} = ___ is at ___ | |||
* {{t|nıe}} = ___ is inside ___ | |||
* {{t|neo}} = ___ is on top of ___ | |||
</div> | |||
<div class="cheat-sheet-card"> | |||
===Abstract vocab=== | |||
*{{t|toa}} = ___ is a word | |||
*{{t|muı}} = ___ is a meaning of ___ | |||
<small> | |||
:*{{t|bọmuı}} = ___ means ___ | |||
</small> | |||
*{{t|toaq}} = ___ is Toaqic | |||
*{{t|dua}} = ___ knows ___ | |||
*{{t|chı}} = ___ believes ___ | |||
*{{t|mıu}} = ___ opines ___ | |||
*{{t|gaı}} = ___ senses ___ | |||
<small> | |||
:*{{t|kaqgaı}} = ___ sees ___ | |||
:*{{t|huogaı}} = ___ hears ___ | |||
:*{{t|shıqgaı}} = ___ smells ___ | |||
:*{{t|noqgaı}} = ___ tastes ___ | |||
:*{{t|puaqgaı}} = ___ touches ___ | |||
</small> | |||
*{{t|sı}} = ___ pays attention to ___ | |||
<small> | |||
:*{{t|kaqsı}} = ___ looks at ___ | |||
:*{{t|huosı}} = ___ listens to ___, etc. | |||
</small> | |||
</div><div class="cheat-sheet-card"> | |||
===Abstract vocab 2=== | |||
*{{t|kuaı}} = ___ longs to do ___ | |||
*{{t|leo}} = ___ tries to do ___ | |||
*{{t|tua}} = ___ makes ___ happen | |||
*{{t|shao}} = ___ wants ___ to happen | |||
*{{t|choq}} = ___ uses ___ to do ___ | |||
*{{t|ca}} = ___ causes ___ | |||
*{{t|kuı}} = ___ is because ___ | |||
*{{t|bu}} = ___ is false (i.e. "not") | |||
*{{t|le}} = ___ is likely | |||
*{{t|daı}} = ___ is possible | |||
*{{t|raı}} = ___ is something | |||
</div> | |||
<div class="cheat-sheet-card"> | |||
===Tenses and aspects=== | |||
*{{t|pu}} = ___ happened | |||
*{{t|naı}} = ___ happens now | |||
*{{t|jıa}} = ___ will happen | |||
*{{t|ceo}} = ___ starts to happen | |||
*{{t|chum}} = ___ is happening | |||
*{{t|shaı}} = ___ stops happening | |||
*{{t|shıu}} = ___ happens before ___ | |||
*{{t|rao}} = ___ happens during ___ | |||
*{{t|bıe}} = ___ happens after ___ | |||
*{{t|nıqguo}} = ___ happens again | |||
*{{t|he}} = ___ is gnomically (generally) true | |||
</div> | |||
<div class="cheat-sheet-card" style="max-width: inherit"> | |||
===Sentence structure=== | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
!(Complementizer<br>or conjunction)!!(Topic)!!Body!!(Illocution) | |||
|- | |||
|{{t|Ꝡa,}} (declarative) | |||
| rowspan="5" |{{t|háq bï,}} | |||
| rowspan="5" |{{t|gı máq jîe nháo}} | |||
|{{t|da.}} (statement, optional) | |||
|- | |||
|{{t|Keo,}} (But,) | |||
|{{t|móq?}} (question, optional) | |||
|- | |||
|{{t|Tıu,}} (So,) | |||
|{{t|ba.}} (wish) | |||
|- | |||
|{{T|Ma}} (yes/no question) | |||
|{{t|nha.}} (promise) | |||
|} | |||
</div> | |||
<div class="cheat-sheet-card"> | |||
===Falling tone {{done|1}}=== | |||
Main verb. | |||
*{{t|<u>Maı</u> jí súq (da).}} = "I love you." | |||
Also marks any non-initial word in a serial. If you have a noun phrase, adverb phrase, etc, only the first word "conjugates". The rest stays in {{Done|1}}. In the example below, only the word {{t|káto}} changes to {{Done|2}}. The remaining {{t|kuo}} is in {{Done|1}}. | |||
*{{t|Maı jí <u>káto kuo</u> da.}} = "I love the black cat."</div> | |||
</div> |
Revision as of 18:35, 8 December 2022
Pronouns
- jí = I
- súq = you (sg.)
- súna = you all (pl.)
- nháo = he/she/they (sg.)
- nhána = they (pl.)
- úmo = I+you
- íme = I+they
- súho = I+you+they
- há = one/people (as in "One does not simply walk into Mordor")
These pronouns refer back to words of a certain animacy class:
- hó = him/her/them (animate)
- máq = it (inanimate)
- hóq = it (abstract)
- tá = it (adjective)
Attach -bo to pronouns to make genitive words:
- jıbo = ___ is mine
- suqbo = ___ is yours
- maqbo = ___ is its (inanimate)
For example:
- Jıbo kúe ní (da). = "This is my book"
- Bo súq kúe jıbo (da). = "You have my book"
Nature vocab
- poq = ___ is a person
- ocha = ___ is a human
- nıaı = ___ is an animal
- deo = ___ is a child
- kato = ___ is a cat
- kune = ___ is a dog
- cıe = ___ is a fish
- hoe = ___ is a sun
- mıao = ___ is a moon
- nao = ___ is water
- haq = ___ is food
- rua = ___ is a flower
Colors
- reo = ___ has color ___
- reocuaq = ___ is a color
kıa naraq lue rıq kuao mıo loa bao ruı kuo tıaq
All of the above verbs mean "___ has color X", not "___ is the color X".
Everyday vocab
- maı = ___ loves ___
- paı = ___ is a friend of ___
- cho = ___ likes ___
- hıo = ___ greets/bids farewell to ___
- ceohıo = ___ says hi to ___
- shaıhıo = ___ says bye to ___
- chuq = ___ eats ___
- pıe = ___ drinks ___
- kuq = ___ says ___ to ___
- koy = ___ talks to ___
- gı = ___ is good
- huı = ___ is bad
- de = ___ is beautiful
- tı = ___ is at ___
- nıe = ___ is inside ___
- neo = ___ is on top of ___
Abstract vocab
- toa = ___ is a word
- muı = ___ is a meaning of ___
- bọmuı = ___ means ___
- toaq = ___ is Toaqic
- dua = ___ knows ___
- chı = ___ believes ___
- mıu = ___ opines ___
- gaı = ___ senses ___
- kaqgaı = ___ sees ___
- huogaı = ___ hears ___
- shıqgaı = ___ smells ___
- noqgaı = ___ tastes ___
- puaqgaı = ___ touches ___
- sı = ___ pays attention to ___
- kaqsı = ___ looks at ___
- huosı = ___ listens to ___, etc.
Abstract vocab 2
- kuaı = ___ longs to do ___
- leo = ___ tries to do ___
- tua = ___ makes ___ happen
- shao = ___ wants ___ to happen
- choq = ___ uses ___ to do ___
- ca = ___ causes ___
- kuı = ___ is because ___
- bu = ___ is false (i.e. "not")
- le = ___ is likely
- daı = ___ is possible
- raı = ___ is something
Tenses and aspects
- pu = ___ happened
- naı = ___ happens now
- jıa = ___ will happen
- ceo = ___ starts to happen
- chum = ___ is happening
- shaı = ___ stops happening
- shıu = ___ happens before ___
- rao = ___ happens during ___
- bıe = ___ happens after ___
- nıqguo = ___ happens again
- he = ___ is gnomically (generally) true
Sentence structure
(Complementizer or conjunction) |
(Topic) | Body | (Illocution) |
---|---|---|---|
Ꝡa, (declarative) | háq bï, | gı máq jîe nháo | da. (statement, optional) |
Keo, (But,) | móq? (question, optional) | ||
Tıu, (So,) | ba. (wish) | ||
Ma (yes/no question) | nha. (promise) |
Falling tone
Main verb.
- Maı jí súq (da). = "I love you."
Also marks any non-initial word in a serial. If you have a noun phrase, adverb phrase, etc, only the first word "conjugates". The rest stays in . In the example below, only the word káto changes to . The remaining kuo is in .
- Maı jí káto kuo da. = "I love the black cat."