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Cheat sheet: Difference between revisions
Add interjections card
(nı isn't a verb; fix nhána) |
(Add interjections card) |
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__NOTOC__ | __NOTOC__ | ||
<div style="display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap;"> | <div style="display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; z-index: 10"> | ||
<div class="cheat-sheet-card"> | <div class="cheat-sheet-card"> | ||
=== Pronouns === | === Pronouns === | ||
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* {{t|úmo}} = I+you | * {{t|úmo}} = I+you | ||
* {{t|íme}} = I+they | * {{t|íme}} = I+they | ||
* {{t|súho}} = I+you+they | * {{t|súho}} = you+they | ||
* {{t|áma}} = I+you+they | |||
* {{t|há}} = one/people <small>(as in "One does not simply walk into Mordor")</small> | * {{t|há}} = one/people <small>(as in "One does not simply walk into Mordor")</small> | ||
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For example: | For example: | ||
* {{t| | * {{t|Kue jıbo ní.}} = "This is my book" | ||
* {{t| | * {{t|Heaq súq kúe jıbo.}} = "You carry my book" | ||
</div> | </div> | ||
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* {{t|paı}} = ___ is a friend of ___ | * {{t|paı}} = ___ is a friend of ___ | ||
* {{t|cho}} = ___ likes ___ | * {{t|cho}} = ___ likes ___ | ||
* {{t|chuq}} = ___ eats ___ | * {{t|chuq}} = ___ eats ___ | ||
* {{t|pıe}} = ___ drinks ___ | * {{t|pıe}} = ___ drinks ___ | ||
* {{t|kuq}} = ___ says | * {{t|kuq}} = ___ says ___ | ||
* {{t| | * {{t|keoı}} = ___ talks to ___ | ||
* {{t|gı}} = ___ is good | * {{t|gı}} = ___ is good | ||
* {{t|huı}} = ___ is bad | * {{t|huı}} = ___ is bad | ||
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</div> | </div> | ||
<div class="cheat-sheet-card"> | |||
=== Interjections === | |||
* {{t|nho}} = yes | |||
* {{t|zı}} = no | |||
* {{t|jadı}} = hello | |||
* {{t|shadı}} = welcome | |||
* {{t|shaıdı}} = bye | |||
* {{t|kıjı}} = thanks | |||
* {{t|jıkı}} = my pleasure | |||
* {{t|kushe}} = sorry | |||
* {{t|ına}} = OK, understood | |||
* {{t|ınha}} = OK, I will | |||
* {{t|aja}} = yay! | |||
* {{t|jaga}} = congrats! | |||
* {{t|obe}} = oh | |||
* {{t|ua}} = wow | |||
* {{t|ıo}} = yeah, I agree | |||
* {{t|em}} = um… | |||
* {{t|â}} = aha! | |||
</div> | |||
<div class="cheat-sheet-card"> | <div class="cheat-sheet-card"> | ||
===Abstract vocab=== | ===Abstract vocab=== | ||
*{{t|toa}} = ___ is a word | *{{t|toa}} = ___ is a word | ||
*{{t|zu}} = ___ is a language | |||
*{{t|muı}} = ___ is a meaning of ___ | *{{t|muı}} = ___ is a meaning of ___ | ||
<small> | <small> | ||
:*{{t|bọmuı}} = ___ means ___ | :*{{t|bọmuı}} = ___ means ___ | ||
</small> | </small> | ||
*{{t|toaq}} = ___ is Toaqic | *{{t|toaq}} = ___ is Toaqic | ||
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*{{t|tua}} = ___ makes ___ happen | *{{t|tua}} = ___ makes ___ happen | ||
*{{t|shao}} = ___ wants ___ to happen | *{{t|shao}} = ___ wants ___ to happen | ||
*{{t|choq}} = ___ uses | *{{t|choq}} = ___ uses ___ | ||
*{{t|ca}} = ___ causes ___ | *{{t|ca}} = ___ causes ___ | ||
*{{t|kuı}} = ___ is because ___ | *{{t|kuı}} = ___ is because ___ | ||
*{{t|bu}} = | *{{t|bu}} = "not" (before a verb) | ||
*{{t|le}} = ___ is likely | *{{t|le}} = ___ is likely | ||
*{{t|raı}} = ___ is something | *{{t|raı}} = ___ is something | ||
</div> | </div> | ||
<div class="cheat-sheet-card"> | <div class="cheat-sheet-card"> | ||
===Tenses | ===Tenses=== | ||
*{{t|pu}} = | These go before verbs or aspects: | ||
*{{t|naı}} = | *{{t|pu}} = past | ||
*{{t|jıa}} = | *{{t|naı}} = present | ||
*{{t| | *{{t|jıa}} = future | ||
*{{t|chum}} = | ===Aspects=== | ||
*{{t| | These go before verbs: | ||
*{{t| | *{{t|tam}} = completely X-es (perfective) | ||
*{{t| | *{{t|chum}} = is X-ing (imperfective) | ||
*{{t| | *{{t|luı}} = has X-ed | ||
*{{t| | *{{t|za}} = has yet to X | ||
*{{t|he}} = | *{{t|hoaı}} = still | ||
*{{t|haı}} = already | |||
*{{t|hıq}} = just finished | |||
*{{t|fı}} = just about to | |||
*{{t|he}} = as a rule (gnomic) | |||
</div> | </div> | ||
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===Sentence structure=== | ===Sentence structure=== | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
!(Complementizer | !(Complementizer)!!(Topic)!!Body!!(Illocution) | ||
|- | |- | ||
|{{t| | |{{t|Ꝡa,}} (declarative) | ||
| rowspan=" | | rowspan="4" |{{t|háq bï,}} | ||
| rowspan=" | | rowspan="4" |{{t|cho nháo máq}} | ||
|{{t|da.}} (statement, optional) | |{{t|da.}} (statement, optional) | ||
|- | |- | ||
|{{t| | |{{t|Ma,}} (yes/no question) | ||
|{{t|móq?}} (question, optional) | |{{t|móq?}} (question, optional) | ||
|- | |- | ||
|{{t| | |{{t|Tıo,}} (degree question) | ||
|{{t|ba.}} (wish) | |{{t|ba.}} (wish) | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
|{{t|nha.}} (promise) | |{{t|nha.}} (promise) | ||
|} | |} | ||
</div> | </div> | ||
<div class="cheat-sheet-card"> | <div class="cheat-sheet-card"> | ||
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*{{t|<u>Maı</u> jí súq (da).}} = "I love you." | *{{t|<u>Maı</u> jí súq (da).}} = "I love you." | ||
Also marks any non-initial word in a serial. If you have a noun phrase, adverb phrase, etc, only the first word "conjugates". The rest stays in {{Done|1}}. In the example below, only the word {{t|káto}} changes to {{Done|2}}. The remaining {{t|kuo}} is in {{Done|1}}. | Also marks any non-initial word in a serial. If you have a noun phrase, adverb phrase, etc, only the first word "conjugates". The rest stays in {{Done|1}}. In the example below, only the word {{t|káto}} changes to {{Done|2}}. The remaining {{t|kuo}} is in {{Done|1}}. | ||
*{{t|Maı jí <u>káto kuo</u> da.}} = "I love the black cat."</div> | *{{t|Maı jí <u>káto kuo</u> da.}} = "I love the black cat." | ||
</div> | |||
<div class="cheat-sheet-card"> | |||
=== Rising tone {{done|2}} === | |||
Makes a noun phrase out of the first slot of a verb: | |||
{{t|poq}} = ___ is a person => {{t|póq}} = "the person(s)" | |||
{{t|ca}} = ___ causes ___ => {{t|cá}} "the cause(s)" | |||
If a noun for the second slot is needed, use the {{t|bo-}} prefix and the verb form of the word. Note that the last prefix of every word is pronounced with a glottal stop in the middle. | |||
{{t|ca}} => {{t|bọ́ca}} "the thing(s) that was caused" | |||
</div> | |||
</div> | </div> | ||