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== Vocab ==
__NOTOC__
<span style="color:#C00000; font-weight: bold;">Note: This page was for Toaq Gamma. A lot of stuff on here is <u>outdated</u>.</span>
 
<div style="display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap;">
<div class="cheat-sheet-card">
=== Pronouns ===
=== Pronouns ===
* {{t|jí}} = me
* {{t|jí}} = I
* {{t|súq}} = you
* {{t|súq}} = you
* {{t|nháo}} = him/her/them
* {{t|nháo}} = he/she/they
* {{t|múy}} = me+you
* {{t|múy}} = I+you
* {{t|míy}} = me+them
* {{t|míy}} = I+they
* {{t|máy}} = me+you+them
* {{t|máy}} = I+you+they
* {{t|há}} = one (impersonal)
* {{t|há}} = one/people <small>(as in "One does not simply walk into Mordor")</small>


These pronouns refer back to words of a certain [[animacy class]]:
These pronouns refer back to words of a certain [[animacy class]]:
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* {{t|suqbo}} = ___ is yours
* {{t|suqbo}} = ___ is yours
* {{t|maqbo}} = ___ is its (inanimate)
* {{t|maqbo}} = ___ is its (inanimate)
</div>


=== Everyday vocab ===
<div class="cheat-sheet-card">
=== Nature vocab ===
* {{t|poq}} = ___ is a person
* {{t|poq}} = ___ is a person
* {{t|ocha}} = ___ is a human
* {{t|ocha}} = ___ is a human
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* {{t|haq}} = ___ is food
* {{t|haq}} = ___ is food
* {{t|rua}} = ___ is a flower
* {{t|rua}} = ___ is a flower
<br/>
<hr/>
==== Colors ====
* {{t|reo}} = ___ has color ___
* {{t|reocuaq}} = ___ is a color
<div>
<span class=embiggen style="background-color: #fdd;            ">{{t|kıa  |___ is red  }}</span>
<span class=embiggen style="background-color: #fed;            ">{{t|naraq|___ is orange}}</span>
<span class=embiggen style="background-color: #ffd;            ">{{t|lue  |___ is yellow}}</span>
<span class=embiggen style="background-color: #dfd;            ">{{t|rıq  |___ is green }}</span>
<span class=embiggen style="background-color: #dfe;            ">{{t|kuao |___ is cyan  }}</span>
<span class=embiggen style="background-color: #ddf;            ">{{t|mıo  |___ is blue  }}</span>
<span class=embiggen style="background-color: #edf;            ">{{t|loa  |___ is purple}}</span>
<span class=embiggen style="background-color: #fff;            ">{{t|bao  |___ is white }}</span>
<span class=embiggen style="background-color: #999;            ">{{t|ruı  |___ is gray  }}</span>
<span class=embiggen style="background-color: #333; color: #ddd;">{{t|kuo  |___ is black }}</span>
<span class=embiggen style="background-color: #654; color: #ddd;">{{t|tıaq |___ is brown }}</span>
</div>
<small>All of the above verbs mean "___ has color X", not "___ is the color X".</small>
</div><div class="cheat-sheet-card">
=== Everyday vocab ===
* {{t|maı}} = ___ loves ___
* {{t|maı}} = ___ loves ___
* {{t|paı}} = ___ is a friend of ___
* {{t|paı}} = ___ is a friend of ___
* {{t|cho}} = ___ likes ___
* {{t|cho}} = ___ likes ___
* {{t|hıo}} = ___ greets ___
* {{t|hıo}} = ___ greets/bids farewell to ___
<small>
:* {{t|ceohıo}} = ___ says hi to ___
:* {{t|shaıhıo}} = ___ says bye to ___
</small>
* {{t|chuq}} = ___ eats ___
* {{t|chuq}} = ___ eats ___
* {{t|pıe}} = ___ drinks ___
* {{t|pıe}} = ___ drinks ___
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* {{t|huı}} = ___ is bad
* {{t|huı}} = ___ is bad
* {{t|de}} = ___ is beautiful
* {{t|de}} = ___ is beautiful
* {{t|kıa}} = ___ is red
* {{t|mıo}} = ___ is blue
* {{t|bao}} = ___ is white
* {{t|kuo}} = ___ is black
* {{t|tı}} = ___ is at ___
* {{t|tı}} = ___ is at ___
* {{t|nıe}} = ___ is inside ___
* {{t|nıe}} = ___ is inside ___
* {{t|neo}} = ___ is on top of ___
* {{t|neo}} = ___ is on top of ___
<br/>
</div><div class="cheat-sheet-card">
=== Abstract vocab ===
* {{t|toa}} = ___ is a word
* {{t|toa}} = ___ is a word
* {{t|muı}} = ___ is a meaning of ___
* {{t|muı}} = ___ is a meaning of ___
<small>
:* {{t|muıbo}} / {{t|semıo}} = ___ means ___
</small>
* {{t|toaq}} = ___ is Toaqic
* {{t|toaq}} = ___ is Toaqic
<br/>
* {{t|dua}} = ___ knows ___
* {{t|dua}} = ___ knows ___
* {{t|chı}} = ___ believes ___
* {{t|chı}} = ___ believes ___
* {{t|mıu}} = ___ opines ___
* {{t|mıu}} = ___ opines ___
* {{t|gaı}} = ___ senses ___
* {{t|gaı}} = ___ senses ___
<small>
:* {{t|kaqgaı}} = ___ sees ___
:* {{t|huogaı}} = ___ hears ___
:* {{t|shıqgaı}} = ___ smells ___
:* {{t|noqgaı}} = ___ tastes ___
:* {{t|puaqgaı}} = ___ touches ___
</small>
* {{t|sı}} = ___ pays attention to ___
<small>
:* {{t|kaqsı}} = ___ looks at ___
:* {{t|huosı}} = ___ listens to ___, etc.
</small>
</div><div class="cheat-sheet-card">
=== Abstract vocab 2 ===
* {{t|kuaı}} = ___ longs to do ___
* {{t|kuaı}} = ___ longs to do ___
* {{t|leo}} = ___ tries to do ___
* {{t|leo}} = ___ tries to do ___
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* {{t|shao}} = ___ wants ___ to happen
* {{t|shao}} = ___ wants ___ to happen
* {{t|choq}} = ___ uses ___ to do ___
* {{t|choq}} = ___ uses ___ to do ___
<br/>
* {{t|ca}} = ___ causes ___
* {{t|ca}} = ___ causes ___
* {{t|kuı}} = ___ is because ___
* {{t|kuı}} = ___ is because ___
* {{t|bu}} = ___ is false
* {{t|bu}} = ___ is false (i.e. "not")
* {{t|le}} = ___ is likely
* {{t|le}} = ___ is likely
* {{t|daı}} = ___ is possible
* {{t|daı}} = ___ is possible
* {{t|raı}} = ___ is something
* {{t|raı}} = ___ is something
* {{t|nı}} = ___ is this/that
* {{t|nı}} = ___ is this/that
</div>
<div class="cheat-sheet-card">
=== Tenses and aspects ===
=== Tenses and aspects ===
* {{t|pu}} = ___ happened
* {{t|pu}} = ___ happened
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* {{t|bıe}} = ___ happens after ___
* {{t|bıe}} = ___ happens after ___
* {{t|nıqguo}} = ___ happens again
* {{t|nıqguo}} = ___ happens again
* {{t|he}} = ___ is gnomically true
* {{t|he}} = ___ is gnomically (generally) true
</div>


== Sentence structure ==
<div class="cheat-sheet-card" style="max-width: inherit">
 
=== Sentence structure ===
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! (Connector) !! (Topic) !! Body !! (Illocution)
! (Connector) !! (Topic) !! Body !! (Illocution)
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| {{t|nha.}} (promise)
| {{t|nha.}} (promise)
|}
|}
</div>


== Tones ==
<div class="cheat-sheet-card">
=== Rising tone {{tone|2}} ===
=== Rising tone {{tone|2}} ===
Makes a noun phrase out of a verb: {{t|póq}} "the person(s)", {{t|cá}} "the cause(s)"
Makes a noun phrase out of the first slot of a verb:  


{{t|pỏq}} = ___ is a person => {{t|póq}} = "the person(s)"
{{t|cả}} = ___ causes ___ => {{t|cá}} "the cause(s)"
If a noun for the second slot is needed, use {{t|mú}} and the verb form of the word.
{{t|cả}} => {{t|mú cả}} "the thing(s) that was caused"
</div>
<div class="cheat-sheet-card">
=== Rising-creaky tone {{tone|3}} ===
=== Rising-creaky tone {{tone|3}} ===
Attaches a relative clause to a preceding noun.
Attaches a relative clause to a preceding noun.
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Inside the phrase, {{t|hóa}} refers to the noun attached to. {{t|cy}} ends the clause.
Inside the phrase, {{t|hóa}} refers to the noun attached to. {{t|cy}} ends the clause.


*{{t|póq düa hóa cy}} = "the people who know"
*{{t|póq düa <u>hóa</u> cy}} = "the people <u>who</u> know"
*{{t|níaı mäı hóa jí cy}} = "the animal who loves me"
*{{t|níaı mäı <u>hóa</u> jí cy}} = "the animal <u>who</u> loves me"
*{{t|níaı mäı jí hóa cy}} = "the animal who I love (it)"
*{{t|níaı mäı jí <u>hóa</u> cy}} = "the animal <u>whom</u> I love"


{{t|cy}} is not necessary if the word that immediately follows can terminate the content clause. For example, {{t|cy}} is not needed before {{t|da}} because {{t|da}} already ends the sentence.
</div>
<div class="cheat-sheet-card">
=== Falling tone {{tone|4}} ===
=== Falling tone {{tone|4}} ===
Main verb.
Main verb.
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*{{t|<u>Mảı</u> jí súq da.}} = "I love you."
*{{t|<u>Mảı</u> jí súq da.}} = "I love you."


Also marks any non-initial word in a serial. In serials (think "unit" of words), only the first word of the serial changes tone. The rest stays in {{tone|4}}. In the example below, only the word {{t|kúo}} changes to {{tone|2}}. The remaining {{t|kảto}} is in {{tone|4}}.
*{{t|Mải jí <u>kúo kảto</u> da.}} = "I love the black cat."
</div>
<div class="cheat-sheet-card">
=== Peaking tone {{tone|5}} ===
=== Peaking tone {{tone|5}} ===
Starts a [[content clause]], terminated by {{t|cy}}.
Starts a [[content clause]], terminated by {{t|cy}}.
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*{{t|Keo shảo jí <u>nîaı jí cy</u> da.}} = "But I want to be an animal."
*{{t|Keo shảo jí <u>nîaı jí cy</u> da.}} = "But I want to be an animal."


{{t|cy}} is not always needed for the same reason as the rising-creaky tone {{tone|3}}.
</div>
<div class="cheat-sheet-card">
=== Mid-falling tone {{tone|6}} ===
=== Mid-falling tone {{tone|6}} ===
A [[preposition]], which makes an [[adverbial]] with the following noun phrase.
A [[preposition]], which makes an [[adverbial]] with the following noun phrase.
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* {{t|Kỏy jí súq <u>nèo míao</u>.}} = "I talk to you on the moon."
* {{t|Kỏy jí súq <u>nèo míao</u>.}} = "I talk to you on the moon."
* {{t|Mảı jí súq <u>kùı pâı súq jí</u>.}} = "I love you because you are my friend."
* {{t|Mảı jí súq <u>kùı pâı súq jí</u>.}} = "I love you because you are my friend."
</div>


<div class="cheat-sheet-card">
=== Falling creaky tone {{tone|7}} ===
=== Falling creaky tone {{tone|7}} ===
An [[adverb]]. It can go before or after the arguments to the main verb.
An [[adverb]]. It can go before or after the arguments to the main verb.
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* {{t|dãı}} = "possibly"
* {{t|dãı}} = "possibly"
* {{t|Chỉ hó hóq <u>dãı</u> da.}} = "They possibly believe it."
* {{t|Chỉ hó hóq <u>dãı</u> da.}} = "They possibly believe it."
</div>


<div class="cheat-sheet-card">
=== Neutral tone {{tone|8}} ===
=== Neutral tone {{tone|8}} ===
Used for function words like illocutions. Pronounced as any tonal "break" with the contour of the last word.
Used for function words like illocutions or determiners. Pronounced as any tonal "break" with the contour of the last word.
</div>


== [[Determiner]]s ==
<div class="cheat-sheet-card">
=== [[Determiner]]s ===
Combine with a verb to make a "determiner phrase".
Combine with a verb to make a "determiner phrase".


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Or you can omit the verb: {{t|sa}} = "something", {{t|sıa}} = "nothing"…
Or you can omit the verb: {{t|sa}} = "something", {{t|sıa}} = "nothing"…
</div>


== Conjunctions ==
<div class="cheat-sheet-card" style="max-width: inherit">
=== Conjunctions ===
Logical conjunctions connect any parts of speech, with a "logic and/or/xor" meaning:
Logical conjunctions connect any parts of speech, with a "logic and/or/xor" meaning:
* {{t|<u>Gỉ ra dẻ</u> baq kảto da.}} = "Cats are good '''and/or''' beautiful."
* {{t|<u>Gỉ ra dẻ</u> baq kảto da.}} = "Cats are good '''and/or''' beautiful."
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{{t|roı}} is special, and ''combines'' nouns it connects:
{{t|roı}} is special, and ''combines'' nouns it connects:
* {{t|Rẻı <u>súq roı jí</u> múao.}} = "You '''and''' I (together) surround the tree."
* {{t|Rẻı <u>súq roı jí</u> múao.}} = "You '''and''' I '''(together)''' surround the tree."
 
{{t|rı}} is used in questions:
 
* {{t|Kảqgaı súq <u>káto rı kúne</u> moq?}} = "Do you see a cat '''or''' a dog?"
</div>


== Quotations and names ==
<div class="cheat-sheet-card">
=== Quotations and names ===


Quotations start with {{t|mo}} and end with {{t|teo}}.
Quotations start with {{t|mo}} and end with {{t|teo}}.


{{t|mı}} is placed before a name. If you are addressing someone, {{t|hu}} should be added before the name. ({{t|Hu mí Hỏemaı ga, hỉo ka}} = "Hello, Hoemaı". Remember to add some separation between the name and the following sentence with {{t|ga}} or {{t|lả}} or {{t|je}} or something similar.)
{{t|mı}} is placed before a name.
 
If you are addressing someone, {{t|hu}} should be added before the name.
 
* {{t|Hu mí Hỏemaı, lả hỉo ka}} = "Hello, Hoemaı".


== Asking questions ==
Remember to add some separation between the name and the following sentence with {{t|lả}} or something similar.
</div>
 
<div class="cheat-sheet-card">
=== Asking questions ===


{{t|moq}} is the illocution for asking questions.
{{t|moq}} is the illocution for asking questions.


{{t|mả}} can be used to ask a yes/no question. ({{t|Mả mỉ Hỏemaı súq moq?}} = "Are you Hoemaı?")
{{t|mả}} can be used to ask a yes/no question.  
 
* {{t|Mỉ Hỏemaı súq da.}} = "You are Hoemaı."
* {{t|Mả mỉ Hỏemaı súq moq?}} = "Are you Hoemaı?"
 
{{t|hı}} 'what, which', {{t|tıopuı}} 'how many' may be used to ask non-yes/no questions. Note that {{t|hı}} is a determiner.


{{t|hı}} 'what, which', {{t|co}} 'how many' may be used to ask non-yes/no questions. For example:
{| style="text-align: left;"
{| style="text-align: left;"
!Tỉ
|{{t|Tỉ}}
!súq
|{{t|súq}}
!hı
|{{t|hı}}
!rảı
|{{t|rảı}}
!moq
|{{t|moq}}
!?
|{{t|?}}
|-
|-
|at
|at
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| colspan="6" |"Where are you?"
| colspan="6" |"Where are you?"
|}
|}
<hr>
{| style="text-align: left;"
{| style="text-align: left;"
!Tỉsha
|{{t|Tỉsha}}
!súq
|{{t|súq}}
!rào
|{{t|rào}}
!hı
|{{t|hı}}
!moq
|{{t|moq}}
!?
|{{t|?}}
|-
|-
|arrive
|arrive
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| colspan="6" |"When did you arrive?"  
| colspan="6" |"When did you arrive?"  
|}
|}
<hr>
{| style="text-align: left;"
{| style="text-align: left;"
!Pủ
|{{t|Pủ}}
!chủq
|{{t|chủq}}
!hı
|{{t|hı}}
!rảı
|{{t|rảı}}
!ní
|{{t|ní}}
!moq
|{{t|moq}}
!?
|{{t|?}}
|-
|-
|PST
|PST
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| colspan="7" |"Who ate this?"  
| colspan="7" |"Who ate this?"  
|}
|}
<hr>
{| style="text-align: left;"
{| style="text-align: left;"
!Tảo
|{{t|Tảo}}
!súq
|{{t|súq}}
!ní
|{{t|ní}}
!kùi
|{{t|kùi}}
!hı
|{{t|hı}}
!moq
|{{t|moq}}
!?
|{{t|?}}
|-
|-
|do
|do
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| colspan="7" |"Why did you do that?"
| colspan="7" |"Why did you do that?"
|}
|}
<hr>
{| style="text-align: left;"
|{{t|Tỉopuı}}
|{{t|póq}}
|{{t|moq}}
|{{t|?}}
|-
|how many
|person
|INT
|?
|-
|colspan="4" |"How many people are there?"
|}
<hr>
{| style="text-align: left;"
|{{t|Fả}}
|{{t|tíopuı}}
|{{t|póq}}
|{{t|moq}}
|{{t|?}}
|-
|go
|how many
|person
|INT
|?
|-
|colspan="4" |"How many people went?"
|}
</div>
<div class="cheat-sheet-card">
=== {{t|po}} ===
Used for showing possession, terminated by {{t|ga}}; "{{t|Pó}} [possessor] {{t|ga}} [possessee]"


== {{t|po}} ==
{{t|Nủi pó káto ga nỉoka.}} = "The cat's paws are tiny."
== Properties ==
</div>
ja in {{tone|5}}
</div>
Retrieved from "https://toaq.me/Special:MobileDiff/723...1012"