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Comparison of Lojban and Toaq: Difference between revisions

Comparison of Lojban and Toaq (view source)

Revision as of 20:43, 6 December 2023

84 bytes removed ,  20:43, 6 December 2023
noun phrase → noun form
(dau'u)
(noun phrase → noun form)
 
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! Toaq
! Toaq
|-
|-
| Stress segments words || [[Tones]] segment words
| Stress segments words || [[Tones]], stress, and vowel length segment words
|-
|-
| .i begins sentences|| [[Illocution]] marker ends sentence
| .i begins sentences|| [[Illocution]] marker ends sentence
|-
|-
| .i ku'i… / .i ta'o… || [[Sentence connector]]s: {{t|Keo…}} / {{t|Fou…}}
| Usually SVO: .i mi {{green|cusku}} ra do || VSO: {{t|{{green|Kuq}} jí hóq súq da.}}
|-
|-
| SVO: .i mi {{green|cusku}} ra do || VSO: {{t|{{green|Kủq}} jí hóq súq da.}}
| brivla, sumti, cmavo || [[Verb]], [[noun form]], [[particle]]
|-
|-
| brivla, sumti, cmavo || [[Verb]], [[noun phrase]], [[particle]]
| cnima'o: .ui .ua .ue || [[Interjection]]: {{t|aja, â, obe!}}
|-
|-
| cnima'o: .ui .ua .ue || [[Interjection]]: {{t|aja, â, obe!}}
| vocatives: coi ki'e || [[Interjection]]: {{t|jadı, kıjı!}}
|-
|-
| gismu || [[Root]]
| gismu || [[Root]]
|-
|-
| lujvo || Compound word
| lujvo || [[Compound word]]
|-
|-
| No equivalent, jvajvo-ish || [[Serial verb]]
| No equivalent, jvajvo-ish || [[Serial verb]]
|-
|-
| vocatives: coi ki'e || [[Interjection]]: {{t|jadı, kıjı!}}
| doi ''sumti'' || {{t|hóı}} ''NP''
|-
| doi + sumti || {{t|hu}} + NP
|-
|-
| zo .djan. cmene la .djan. || {{t|Chủa shú «Jảq» mí Jảq.}}
| zo .djan. cmene la .djan. || {{t|Chua shú «Jaq» mí Jaq.}}
|-
|-
| Singular logic and "xorlo" || [[Plural logic]]  
| Singular logic and "xorlo" || [[Plural logic]]  
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| su'o, ro, lo, le… || No equivalent, instead…
| su'o, ro, lo, le… || No equivalent, instead…
|-
|-
| [https://solpahi.wordpress.com/2016/09/25/a-simpler-quantifier-logic/ su'oi, ro'oi, ro'oi pa, ru'oi] || [[Determiner]]s: {{t|sa, tu, tushı, tuq}}
| [https://solpahi.wordpress.com/2016/09/25/a-simpler-quantifier-logic/ su'oi, ro'oi, ro'oi pa, ru'oi] || [[Determiner]]s: {{t|sá, tú, túq}}
|-
|-
| lo'au, ri'oi, [https://jbovlaste.lojban.org/dict/dau'u dau'u] || [[Determiner]]s: {{t|ke}}, {{t|hoı}}, {{Tone|2}}
| lo'au, ri'oi, [https://jbovlaste.lojban.org/dict/dau'u dau'u] || [[Determiner]]s: {{t|ké}}, {{t|hú}}, {{Done|2}}
|-
|-
| BY, ko'V, vo'V || [[Anaphoric pronoun]]s, {{Tone|2}}
| BY, ko'V, vo'V || [[Anaphoric pronoun]]s, {{Done|2}}
|-
|-
| No real equivalent, lo'e-ish || [[Kind]]s and {{t|baq}}
| No real equivalent, lo'e-ish || [[Kind]]s and {{t|báq}}
|-
|-
| prenex zo'u comment || [[Prenex]] {{t|bı}} comment
| prenex zo'u stmt || [[Topic]] {{t|bï}} comment, [[Cleft verb]] {{t|nä}}
|-
|-
<!-- ! colspan=2 | Clauses
<!-- ! colspan=2 | Clauses
|- -->
|- -->
| lo su'u … kei || [[Content clause]]: {{Tone|5}} … {{t|cy}}
| lo du'u … || [[Content clause]]: {{t|ꝡä}} …
|-
| lo nu … || [[Event]] accessor: {{t|é}} …
|-
|-
| lo ka … ce'u … kei || [[Property]]: {{Tone|5}} … ja … {{t|cy}}
| lo ka … ce'u … || [[Property]]: {{t|lä}} … já …
|-
|-
| poi … ke'a … ku'o || [[Relative clause]]: {{Tone|3}} … {{t|hóa}} … {{t|cy}}
| poi … ke'a … || [[Restrictive relative clause]]: {{t|wë}} … {{t|hóa}} …
|-
|-
| noi / [https://solpahi.wordpress.com/2016/10/13/noiha/ soi] … ku'o || [[Incidental clause]]: {{t|ju}} … {{t|da}}
| noi … ke'a … || [[Incidental relative clause]]: {{t|jü}} … {{t|hóa}} …
|-
|-
| lo poi'i … ke'a … kei || [[Free relative]]: {{t|lú}} … {{t|hóa}} … {{t|ky}}
| lo poi'i … ke'a … || [[Free relative]]: {{t|ꝡé}} … {{t|hóa}} …
|-
|-
<!--! colspan=2 | Adverbs
<!--! colspan=2 | Adverbs
|- -->
|- -->
| [https://solpahi.wordpress.com/2016/10/13/noiha/ noi'a, soi'a] || [[Adverbial]]s, namely:
| [https://solpahi.wordpress.com/2016/10/13/noiha/ noi'a] || [[Adverbial]]s {{Done|4}}, namely:
|-
|-
| — noi'a melbi || [[Adverb]]s: {{t|dẽ}} {{Tone|7}}
| — noi'a melbi || [[Adverb]]: {{t|dê}}
|-
|-
| — noi'a zvati be … || [[Preposition]]s: {{t|tì …}} {{Tone|6}}
| — noi'a zvati be lo purdi || [[Preposition]]: {{t|tî sóaq}}
|-
|-
| Speaker picks noi'a or soi'a || Verb ''is'' "Type I" or "Type II"
| noi'o'a fengu || [[Subject-sharing adverbial]]: {{t|fêı}}
|-
|-
| ja ji je jonai jo'u || {{t|ra rı ru ro roı}}
| ja ji je jonai jo'u || {{t|ra rı ru ro roı}}
|-
| ga … gi … || {{t|to ra … to …}}
|-
|-
| lu … li'u || {{t|mó … teo}}
| lu … li'u || {{t|mó … teo}}
|-
|-
| to … toi || {{t|(kıo … kı)}}
| to … toi || {{t|kïo … kı}}
|-
|-
| pareci [https://jbovlaste.lojban.org/dict/mei'i mei'i] || {{t|fue guheı saq}} (hundred two-ten three)
| pareci [https://jbovlaste.lojban.org/dict/mei'i mei'i] || {{t|fue guheı saq}} (hundred two-ten three)
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| gismu have max. 5 places || Roots have max. 3
| gismu have max. 5 places || Roots have max. 3
|-
|-
| se, te, ve, xe || se={{t|mu}}, but prefer [[Passivizer]]s
| se, te, ve, xe || [[Passivizer]]s
|-
|-
! colspan=2 | Absent in Toaq:
! colspan=2 | Absent in Toaq:
|-
|-
| rafsi || Compounds retain word forms
| rafsi || Compounds retain unabbreviated word forms
|-
|-
| zi'evla / fu'ivla || Not distinguished from [[root]]s
| zi'evla / fu'ivla || Not distinguished from [[root]]s
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|-
|-
| lerfu || No special grammar
| lerfu || No special grammar
|-
| ga … gi … || No forethought connectives
|-
|-
| zo'e, fV || Absent, must fill places in order
| zo'e, fV || Absent, must fill places in order
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