FAQ: Difference between revisions

4,224 bytes removed ,  19:58, 17 February 2023
Remove dead Telegram links
(explain what to do instead of terminators; remove m-interjections; add súna)
(Remove dead Telegram links)
 
(5 intermediate revisions by 3 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
=== The grammar seems very simple. Am I overlooking something? ===
✅ It is simple! You do not need to learn a lot of rules to be able to say a lot. More bang for your buck.
=== How many tones are there? ===
=== How many tones are there? ===
✅ 4 tones.
✅ 4 tones.
Line 8: Line 5:
=== What does tone X do? ===
=== What does tone X do? ===
✅ See the following table:
✅ See the following table:
{| class="wikitable"
 
|-
{{Tone table}}
!
 
!Falling tone {{done|1}}
!Rising tone {{done|2}}
!Glottal tone {{done|3}}
!Rising-falling tone {{done|4}}
|-
! [[Verb]]
|<ul><li>[[Verbal complex]] <li>[[Serial]] tail <li>[[Adjective]] <li> [[Determiner]] complement</ul>
| [[Bound variable]]
| style="background:#ccc" |
|[[Adjunct]]
|-
![[Pronoun]]
| style="background:#ccc" |
|Argument
| style="background:#ccc" |
|[[Incorporated object]]
|-
![[Determiner]]
| style="background:#ccc" |
|Argument
| style="background:#ccc" |
|[[Incorporated object]]
|-
![[Complementizer]]
|[[Speech act]] complement
| style="background:#ccc" |
|[[Subclause]] head
|[[Incorporated object]]
|-
! [[Interjection]]
|Interjection
|Inquiry
| style="background:#ccc" |
|Expression of empathy
|-
![[Speech act particle]]
| colspan="4" | Lexical tone (i.e. {{Derani||da}} and {{Derani||dâ}} are simply different lexemes)
|-
![[Focus particle]]
| colspan="4" |Steals tone from head if possible, otherwise echoes it
|-
![[Conjunction]]
| Highest precedence
| Default precedence
| style="background:#ccc" |
|Second highest precedence
|}
=== How do you pronounce X? ===
=== How do you pronounce X? ===
✅ Please refer to https://toaq.net/refgram/phonology/.
✅ Please refer to https://toaq.net/refgram/phonology/.
Line 67: Line 17:
* https://toaq.herokuapp.com/ (outdated)
* https://toaq.herokuapp.com/ (outdated)


If you're on [[Discord]] or Telegram, you can also use commands like <code>%english %logic %structure</code> (for [[Zugaı]]) and <code>%miu</code> for the outdated [[Mıu]]; [[Nuogaı|more bot commands are listed here]].
If you're on [[Discord]], you can also use commands like <code>%english %logic %structure</code> (for [[Zugaı]]) and <code>%miu</code> for the outdated [[Mıu]]; [[Nuogaı|more bot commands are listed here]].


=== How do I type the tone marks/symbols/diacritics? ===
=== How do I type the tone marks/symbols/diacritics? ===
✅ Please see [[Input methods]].
✅ Please see [[Input methods]].
=== Where does the Toaq logo come from? ===
=== Where does the Toaq logo come from? ===
✅ It's original.
✅ It's original.
Line 84: Line 35:


=== How are roots created? ===
=== How are roots created? ===
✅ A priori, based on my intuition. I usually have to think long and hard and feel my options out before I decide what root to assign to a concept.
The author described the process as: "A priori, based on my intuition. I usually have to think long and hard and feel my options out before I decide what root to assign to a concept."
 
Recently, many words are created by community consensus on [[Toadua]], including root words, using a variety of methods.


=== Where can I find a dictionary? ===
=== Where can I find a dictionary? ===
Line 94: Line 47:
| nho || zı
| nho || zı
|-
|-
| jẽo || bũ
| Nu da. || Bu nu da.
|-
| Nủ da. || Bủ nủ da.
|-
|-
| Jẻo hóq da. || Bủ hóq da.
| Juna hóq da. || Sahu hóq da.
|}
|}


=== Is Toaq easy/difficult/hard? ===
✅ If you can handle the tones, which I believe anyone can, then it's really not a difficult language to become decent at.


=== X seems to be missing from the language. Why does Toaq not have X? ===
=== X seems to be missing from the language. Why does Toaq not have X? ===
Line 143: Line 92:
✅ Use this invite link: https://discord.gg/qDqDsH9
✅ Use this invite link: https://discord.gg/qDqDsH9
; See article: [[Discord]]
; See article: [[Discord]]
=== How can I join the Telegram groups? ===
✅ Use these invite links:
* ✅ general: https://t.me/joinchat/CWpuWUMl0JeW7-TdO6PnAQ
* ✅ chiejio: https://t.me/joinchat/CWpuWUPKUdAiT7KR6SiE7w
* ✅ toaq-only: https://t.me/joinchat/CWpuWUSC9pqnzPyufkQsrA
* ✅ toashuaq: https://t.me/joinchat/CWpuWUvrHSdLL3JneDjp9Q
* ✅ off-topic: https://t.me/joinchat/CWpuWVJC8_-EMukIAjMfYQ
=== What's a tonal pangram? ===
✅ In the broadest sense, a tonal pangram is a sentence that contains each tone at least once. In a more narrow sense, it is a sentence that contains each tone exactly once. The latter is a form of Toaq poetry.


=== What's the terminator of X? ===
=== What's the terminator of X? ===
Line 159: Line 97:


=== Is there an automatic interpreter of Toaq? Is there a translator from Toaq to logic notation? ===
=== Is there an automatic interpreter of Toaq? Is there a translator from Toaq to logic notation? ===
✅ Indeed there is!
✅ Indeed there is (for a slightly outdated version of Toaq called [[Toaq Gamma]])!


Go to https://toaq.net/zugai/ and select logic. Note that Zugaı is still in development, so some things may not work as expected.
Go to https://toaq.net/zugai/ and select logic. Note that Zugaı is still in development, so some things may not work as expected.
Line 286: Line 224:
| me          || + || you    || colspan=2 | || = || {{t|úmı}}  || ''we, us''
| me          || + || you    || colspan=2 | || = || {{t|úmı}}  || ''we, us''
|-
|-
| me          || colspan=2 | || + || they  || = || {{t|ínhe}} || ''we, us''
| me          || colspan=2 | || + || they  || = || {{t|íme}} || ''we, us''
|-
|-
| me          || + || you    || + || they  || = || {{t|ámao}} || ''we, us''
| me          || + || you    || + || they  || = || {{t|áma}} || ''we, us''
|}
|}
; See article: [[Pronoun]]
; See article: [[Pronoun]]
Line 300: Line 238:
Marking number is never required. It is usually obvious (or not terribly important) whether something is one thing or more than one thing. When in doubt, read a bare noun as plural unless context suggests otherwise.  
Marking number is never required. It is usually obvious (or not terribly important) whether something is one thing or more than one thing. When in doubt, read a bare noun as plural unless context suggests otherwise.  


=== What does it mean when a function word is written in all caps? / What function word classes are there? ===
=== What's up with the letter {{t|q}} in this language? Pronunciation of {{t|q}} ===
✅ In discussions about Toaq grammar, a function word in all caps usually refers to a function word class. Function words that share the same grammar are grouped together in a class. This class is usually named after its most prominent member. For example, the words {{t|da, ba, ka and moq}} have the same grammar, and their class is named {{class|da}}. We say, for instance, that "{{t|móq}} is in {{class|da}}".
✅ {{t|q}} is somewhat special and its pronunciation may not be immediately obvious. It is pronounced like English ⟨ng⟩ (IPA [ŋ]). The use of the letter Q is a nod to [https://loglangs.wiki/Ceqli Rex May’s Ceqli], an international auxiliary language with loglang elements; it’s also found in natural languages such as Fijian (where it represents [ᵑɡ], to be exact).
 
Knowing these classes is useful, because once you have learned how to use one member of a class, you automatically know how to use every other member of the same class, too (syntactically speaking). If a sentence is grammatically correct with one member of a class, then substituting it with any other member of the same class will retain the same grammatical structure. The grammar does not distinguish between individual members of a class.
 
; See article: [[Particle]]
 
These are the classes and their members:
{|
| {{class|da}}  || {{t|da}}, {{t|ba}}, {{t|ka}}, {{t|móq}}, {{t|nha}}, {{t|ꝡó}}
|-
| {{class|sa}}  || {{t|sá}}, {{t|sía}}, {{t|tú}}, {{t|túq}}, {{t|já}}, {{t|ké}}, {{t|hí}}, {{t|báq}}, {{t|hú}}, {{t|ní}}
|-
| {{class|ru}}  || {{t|rú}}, {{t|rá}}, {{t|ró}}, {{t|rí}}, {{t|róı}}, {{t|kéo}}
|-
| {{class|to}}  || {{t|to}}
|-
| {{class|ꝡa}}  || {{t|ꝡa}}, {{t|ma}}, {{t|tıo}}
|-
| {{class|bı}}  || {{t|bı}}
|-
| {{class|po}}  || {{t|po}}, {{t|jeı}}, {{t|mea}}
|-
| {{class|ju}}  || {{t|ju}}, {{t|la}}
|-
| {{class|ku}}  || {{t|ku}}, {{t|beı}}, {{t|mao}}, {{t|tou}}, {{t|juaq}}
|-
| {{class|hu}}  || {{t|hu}}, {{t|jıbı}}/{{t|jıy}}
|-
| {{class|kıo}} || ({{t|kıo}}
|-
| {{class|kı}}  || {{t|kı}}
|-
| {{class|mı}}  || {{t|mı}}, {{t|mıru}}
|-
| {{class|mo}}  || {{t|mo}}
|-
| {{class|teo}} || {{t|teo}}
|-
| {{class|shu}} || {{t|shu}}
|-
| {{class|na}}  || {{t|na}}
|}
 
=== What's up with the letter {{t|q}} in this language? Pronunciation / allophones of {{t|q}} ===
✅ {{t|q}} is somewhat special and its pronunciation may not be immediately obvious. It is usually pronounced like English ⟨ng⟩ (IPA [ŋ]), but it has the optional allophones [n] and [m]. The use of the letter Q is a nod to [https://loglangs.wiki/Ceqli Rex May’s Ceqli], an international auxiliary language with loglang elements; it’s also found in natural languages such as Fijian (where it represents [ᵑɡ], to be exact).


The [n] and [m] allophones these rules:
Unlike previous versions of Toaq, {{t|q}} does not have any allophonic variation - that is, it is always [ŋ] - because syllables may also end with {{t|m}}, which needs to stay distinct.
* The default pronunciation is IPA [ŋ], and it keeps this pronunciation before {{t|m, f, n, s, r, l, nh, sh, g, k, ', h}}, and at the end of a breath group.
* Before {{t|d, t, z, c, j, ch}}, it is pronounced [n].
* Before {{t|b, p}}, it is pronounced [m].
Examples:
: {{t|kaqgaı}} → [kʰaŋ.gaɪ] ("to see")
: {{t|jaq de}} → [d͡ʑan.dɛ:] ("to be very beautiful")
: {{t|baq bego}} → [bam.bɛ.go] ("beech trees in general")
Again, these allophones are optional; it is acceptable to use [ŋ] in all positions.  


=== What are the words for the days of the week and for the months? ===
=== What are the words for the days of the week and for the months? ===
Line 408: Line 294:
Let's say that what you believe is [God exists].
Let's say that what you believe is [God exists].
# says that I know that you believe [God exists], because I know what it is that you believe
# says that I know that you believe [God exists], because I know what it is that you believe
# says that I know [God exists], because I know that which you believe.  
# says that I know that [God exists] is true, because I know that which you believe to be true.  


=== Does Toaq have a flag? ===
=== Does Toaq have a flag? ===