568
edits
(update information (as far as i could) & formatting) |
(Remove dead Telegram links) |
||
(10 intermediate revisions by 5 users not shown) | |||
Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
=== How many tones are there? === | === How many tones are there? === | ||
✅ | ✅ 4 tones. | ||
; See article: [[Tone]] | ; See article: [[Tone]] | ||
Line 9: | Line 6: | ||
✅ See the following table: | ✅ See the following table: | ||
{ | {{Tone table}} | ||
Tone | |||
=== How do you pronounce X? === | === How do you pronounce X? === | ||
✅ Please refer to | ✅ Please refer to https://toaq.net/refgram/phonology/. | ||
=== Is there a way to check whether my sentence is correct? === | === Is there a way to check whether my sentence is correct? === | ||
✅ Yes, using one of the online parsers: | ✅ Yes, using one of the online parsers: | ||
* https://toaq.net/zugai/ (in-development, may lack some features, but produces detailed output) | * https://toaq.net/zugai/ (Gamma, in-development, may lack some features, but produces detailed output) | ||
* https://toaq.net/peg/ ( | * https://toaq.net/peg/ (Beta, produces a simplistic tree; may accept some incorrect inputs) | ||
* https://toaq.herokuapp.com/ (outdated) | * https://toaq.herokuapp.com/ (outdated) | ||
If you're on [[Discord]] | If you're on [[Discord]], you can also use commands like <code>%english %logic %structure</code> (for [[Zugaı]]) and <code>%miu</code> for the outdated [[Mıu]]; [[Nuogaı|more bot commands are listed here]]. | ||
=== How do I type the tone marks/symbols/diacritics? === | === How do I type the tone marks/symbols/diacritics? === | ||
✅ Please see | ✅ Please see [[Input methods]]. | ||
=== Where does the Toaq logo come from? === | === Where does the Toaq logo come from? === | ||
Line 51: | Line 27: | ||
=== Are the Toaq logo, flag, or colors based on the transgender flag? === | === Are the Toaq logo, flag, or colors based on the transgender flag? === | ||
✅ No, it's a coincidence that they share the same colors.<ref>Quote from Hoemaı on Discord: <blockquote> | ✅ No, it's a coincidence that they share the same colors.<ref>Quote from Hoemaı on Discord: <blockquote> | ||
This comes up a lot, so maybe I should tell the whole story of how those colors came to be.<br> | This comes up a lot, so maybe I should tell the whole story of how those colors came to be.<br>It was around 2015 while I was working on/planning my second Lojban album (which was originally meant to "just" be an EP). One of the cover designs had pink and light blue text on a black background (neon style), and it was then that I realized how much I liked that color combo. Coincidentally, it wasn't much later that I had to pick colors for Toaq, and so I picked those. This was long before I had ever seen the trans flag. So the answer to the common question "is it a coincidence that they share the same colors?" is Yes. | ||
It was around 2015 while I was working on/planning my second Lojban album (which was originally meant to "just" be an EP). One of the cover designs had pink and light blue text on a black background (neon style), and it was then that I realized how much I liked that color combo. Coincidentally, it wasn't much later that I had to pick colors for Toaq, and so I picked those. This was long before I had ever seen the trans flag. So the answer to the common question "is it a coincidence that they share the same colors?" is Yes. | |||
</blockquote> | </blockquote> | ||
</ref> | </ref> | ||
Line 60: | Line 35: | ||
=== How are roots created? === | === How are roots created? === | ||
✅ A priori, based on my intuition. I usually have to think long and hard and feel my options out before I decide what root to assign to a concept. | ✅ The author described the process as: "A priori, based on my intuition. I usually have to think long and hard and feel my options out before I decide what root to assign to a concept." | ||
Recently, many words are created by community consensus on [[Toadua]], including root words, using a variety of methods. | |||
=== Where can I find a dictionary? === | === Where can I find a dictionary? === | ||
Line 70: | Line 47: | ||
| nho || zı | | nho || zı | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | Nu da. || Bu nu da. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | Juna hóq da. || Sahu hóq da. | ||
|} | |} | ||
=== X seems to be missing from the language. Why does Toaq not have X? === | === X seems to be missing from the language. Why does Toaq not have X? === | ||
Line 85: | Line 58: | ||
In doing so, I'm also giving the language the chance to grow organically with the help of its speakers. | In doing so, I'm also giving the language the chance to grow organically with the help of its speakers. | ||
=== Is there really a glottal stop in the {{t|ä}} | === Is there really a glottal stop in the {{t|ä}} tone? === | ||
✅ Yes. | ✅ Yes. | ||
=== How new/old is Toaq? === | === How new/old is Toaq? === | ||
✅ The current version was published in | ✅ The current version was published in December 2022. The very first version alpha version was published in 2013. | ||
=== What's the difference between {{t|ceo}} and {{t|sho}}? === | === What's the difference between {{t|ceo}} and {{t|sho}}? === | ||
Line 95: | Line 68: | ||
{{t|ceo}} says that a thing begins to be the case, which can be said of things that don't priorly exist or are the case. {{t|sho}} on the other hand can be said of things that already exist; they merely undergo a change that makes them become such that they now have a certain property they previously did not. | {{t|ceo}} says that a thing begins to be the case, which can be said of things that don't priorly exist or are the case. {{t|sho}} on the other hand can be said of things that already exist; they merely undergo a change that makes them become such that they now have a certain property they previously did not. | ||
Both are appropriate in most situations. | Both are appropriate in most situations. | ||
Line 113: | Line 87: | ||
=== What's the vowel order? === | === What's the vowel order? === | ||
✅ {{t|A U I O E | ✅ {{t|A U I O E}} | ||
=== How can I join the discord server? === | === How can I join the discord server? === | ||
✅ Use this invite link: https://discord.gg/qDqDsH9 | ✅ Use this invite link: https://discord.gg/qDqDsH9 | ||
; See article: [[Discord]] | ; See article: [[Discord]] | ||
=== What's the terminator of X? === | === What's the terminator of X? === | ||
✅ | ✅ Unlike some other loglangs like Lojban and Loglan, modern Toaq doesn't feature any terminators at all! Instead, clauses can be closed by [[Auto-terminating clauses|filling every argument]], [[cleft]] structures, and connecting with a [[conjunction]] to another clause in the same scope. | ||
! | |||
| | |||
=== Is there an automatic interpreter of Toaq? Is there a translator from Toaq to logic notation? === | === Is there an automatic interpreter of Toaq? Is there a translator from Toaq to logic notation? === | ||
✅ Indeed there is! | ✅ Indeed there is (for a slightly outdated version of Toaq called [[Toaq Gamma]])! | ||
Go to https://toaq.net/zugai/ and select logic. Note that Zugaı is still in development, so some things may not work as expected. | Go to https://toaq.net/zugai/ and select logic. Note that Zugaı is still in development, so some things may not work as expected. | ||
Line 159: | Line 104: | ||
=== How do you say "I'm making some coffee" in Toaq? === | === How do you say "I'm making some coffee" in Toaq? === | ||
☕ 404 | ☕ 404 ({{T|Baı jí báq kafe.}}) | ||
=== What does {{t| | === What does {{t|kú}} ("focus") mean? === | ||
✅ Here's an explanation: https://toaqlanguage.wordpress.com/2018/06/01/on-the-logic-of-ku/ | ✅ Here's an explanation: https://toaqlanguage.wordpress.com/2018/06/01/on-the-logic-of-ku/ | ||
=== Is there a way to mark contrastive focus or emphasis? === | === Is there a way to mark contrastive focus or emphasis? === | ||
✅ Yes, by using {{t| | ✅ Yes, by using {{t|béı}} in front the word. | ||
=== What's the system for referring to nationalities/languages/countries? === | === What's the system for referring to nationalities/languages/countries? === | ||
✅ This is the system: | ✅ This is the system: | ||
Take the country's native name or the native adjective describing the nationality and borrow it. This borrowing now refers generically to anything having to do with the country or its culture. | Take the country's native name or the native adjective describing the nationality and borrow it. This borrowing now refers generically to anything having to do with the country or its culture. | ||
: For example, {{t|Juqguo}} ("China") means "to be Chinese, to be of China, its languages or people". | : For example, {{t|Juqguo}} ("China") means "to be Chinese, to be of China, its languages or people". | ||
Line 234: | Line 180: | ||
=== How do I do an indirect quote? === | === How do I do an indirect quote? === | ||
✅ Use | ✅ Use {{T|ꝡä}}+predicate with {{T|ruaq}} or {{T|duatua}} for indirect assertions and {{T|duasue}} for indirect questions: | ||
* {{t|Ruaq hó ꝡä bu tı hó chíejıo.}} = "She says [that] she isn't at school." | |||
: {{t| | : {{t|Duatua hó jí ꝡä tı hó hí raı.}} = "He told me where he is." | ||
: {{t| | : {{t|Duasue hó jí ꝡä bua jí hí raı.}} = "They asked me where I live." | ||
=== Is there a memrise deck? === | === Is there a memrise deck? === | ||
✅ There is: https://www.memrise.com/course/1974691/toaq-simple-predicates-2018-06-03/ | ✅ There is, but it is outdated: https://www.memrise.com/course/1974691/toaq-simple-predicates-2018-06-03/ | ||
=== Is there a frequency list? === | === Is there a frequency list? === | ||
✅ Why yes! Look here: https://gist.github.com/lynn/c8c6f904d4e5c29a6b2533a7ac05680a | ✅ Why yes! Look here: https://gist.github.com/lynn/c8c6f904d4e5c29a6b2533a7ac05680a | ||
=== | === Is there a list of translated sentences? === | ||
✅ | ✅ We are working on it! | ||
See: https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1bCQoaX02ZyaElHiiMcKHFemO4eV1MEYmYloYZgOAhac/edit#gid=1395088029 | See: https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1bCQoaX02ZyaElHiiMcKHFemO4eV1MEYmYloYZgOAhac/edit#gid=1395088029 | ||
Line 276: | Line 209: | ||
|- | |- | ||
| colspan=2 | || you || colspan=2 | || = || {{t|súq}} || ''you'' | | colspan=2 | || you || colspan=2 | || = || {{t|súq}} || ''you'' | ||
|- | |||
| colspan=2 | || you || colspan=2 | || = || {{t|súna}} || ''you'' (plural) | |||
|- | |- | ||
| colspan=4 | || they || = || {{t|nháo}} || ''they/them, he/him, she/her'' | | colspan=4 | || they || = || {{t|nháo}} || ''they/them, he/him, she/her'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
| colspan=2 | || you || + || they || = || {{t|súo}} || ''you'' | | colspan="4" | | ||
|they | |||
|= | |||
|{{T|nhána}} | |||
|''they/them'' (plural) | |||
|- | |||
| colspan="2" | || you || + || they || = || {{t|súo}} || ''you all'' | |||
|- | |- | ||
| me || + || you || colspan=2 | || = || {{t|úmı}} || ''we, us'' | | me || + || you || colspan=2 | || = || {{t|úmı}} || ''we, us'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
| me || colspan=2 | || + || they || = || {{t| | | me || colspan=2 | || + || they || = || {{t|íme}} || ''we, us'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
| me || + || you || + || they || = || {{t| | | me || + || you || + || they || = || {{t|áma}} || ''we, us'' | ||
|} | |} | ||
; See article: [[Pronoun]] | ; See article: [[Pronoun]] | ||
=== How do you make a plural? How do you pluralize a noun? === | === How do you make a plural? How do you pluralize a noun? === | ||
✅ Toaq nouns are not inflected for grammatical number. Any noun can refer to one or more things. When necessary, singular and plural can be made explicit: | ✅ Toaq nouns are not inflected for grammatical number. Any noun can refer to one or more things. When necessary, singular and plural can be made explicit: | ||
* To specify a singular, use {{t| | * To specify a singular, use {{t|nẹshı}} ("one") as an adjective. | ||
*: Example: {{t| | *: Example: {{t|jío nẹshı}} "the [one] building" (explicit singular) | ||
* To specify a plural, use puq ("multiple") as an adjective. | |||
* To specify a plural, use puq ("multiple") as | *: Example: {{t|jío puq}} "the [more than one] buildings" (explicit plural). | ||
*: Example: {{t| | |||
Marking number is never required. It is usually obvious (or not terribly important) whether something is one thing or more than one thing. When in doubt, read a bare noun as plural unless context suggests otherwise. | Marking number is never required. It is usually obvious (or not terribly important) whether something is one thing or more than one thing. When in doubt, read a bare noun as plural unless context suggests otherwise. | ||
=== What's up with the letter {{t|q}} in this language? Pronunciation of {{t|q}} === | |||
✅ {{t|q}} is somewhat special and its pronunciation may not be immediately obvious. It is pronounced like English ⟨ng⟩ (IPA [ŋ]). The use of the letter Q is a nod to [https://loglangs.wiki/Ceqli Rex May’s Ceqli], an international auxiliary language with loglang elements; it’s also found in natural languages such as Fijian (where it represents [ᵑɡ], to be exact). | |||
=== What's up with the letter {{t|q}} in this language? Pronunciation | |||
✅ {{t|q}} is somewhat special and its pronunciation may not be immediately obvious. It is | |||
Unlike previous versions of Toaq, {{t|q}} does not have any allophonic variation - that is, it is always [ŋ] - because syllables may also end with {{t|m}}, which needs to stay distinct. | |||
=== What are the words for the days of the week and for the months? === | === What are the words for the days of the week and for the months? === | ||
Line 425: | Line 288: | ||
|} | |} | ||
=== What's the difference between an indirect question and a {{t| | === What's the difference between an indirect question and a {{t|ꝡé}} phrase? === | ||
✅ The distinction is extremely important logically speaking, but English usually conflates the two, so many people overlook the difference. The following example illustrates the difference: | ✅ The distinction is extremely important logically speaking, but English usually conflates the two, so many people overlook the difference. The following example illustrates the difference: | ||
# {{t| | # {{t|Dua jí ꝡä chı súq hí raı.}} = "I know ''what'' you believe" | ||
# {{t| | # {{t|Dua jí ꝡé chı súq hóa.}} = "I ''know'' what you believe" | ||
Let's say that what you believe is [God exists]. | Let's say that what you believe is [God exists]. | ||
# says that I know that you believe [God exists], because I know what it is that you believe | # says that I know that you believe [God exists], because I know what it is that you believe | ||
# says that I know [God exists], because I know that which you believe. | # says that I know that [God exists] is true, because I know that which you believe to be true. | ||
=== Does Toaq have a flag? === | === Does Toaq have a flag? === |