Negation: Difference between revisions
(Created page with "In Toaq, negation is expressed with {{t|bu}}, which can come before tenses, aspects, or verbs. == Scope == The scope interactions with quantifiers can be surprising. Remember that quantifiers "float up" to the top of the clause, above {{t|bu}}. If we want to say "not all those who wander are lost", we might accidentally say: {{Example|Bu tıeqbıao tú neqkoı.<br>= Tú neqkoı nä, bu tıeqbıao néqkoı.|Each wanderer is non-lost. 😱}} To get the rig...") |
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If we want to say "not all those who wander are lost", we might accidentally say: | If we want to say "not all those who wander are lost", we might accidentally say: | ||
{{Example|Bu tıeqbıao tú neqkoı.<br>= Tú neqkoı nä, bu tıeqbıao néqkoı.|Each wanderer is non-lost. 😱}} | {{Example|<ruby>Bu<rt>not</rt></ruby> <ruby>tıeqbıao<rt>lost</rt></ruby> <ruby>tú<rt>each</rt></ruby> <ruby>neqkoı<rt>wanderer</rt></ruby>.<br>= Tú neqkoı nä, bu tıeqbıao néqkoı.|Each wanderer is non-lost. 😱}} | ||
To get the right meaning, we have to instead say | To get the right meaning, we have to instead say | ||
{{Example|Bu tıeqbıao sá neqkoı.|Some wanderers are non-lost.}} | {{Example|Bu tıeqbıao sá neqkoı.|Some wanderers are non-lost.}} | ||
Revision as of 15:58, 29 August 2023
In Toaq, negation is expressed with bu, which can come before tenses, aspects, or verbs.
Scope
The scope interactions with quantifiers can be surprising. Remember that quantifiers "float up" to the top of the clause, above bu.
If we want to say "not all those who wander are lost", we might accidentally say:
Bu tıeqbıao tú neqkoı.
= Tú neqkoı nä, bu tıeqbıao néqkoı.
Each wanderer is non-lost. 😱
To get the right meaning, we have to instead say
Bu tıeqbıao sá neqkoı.
Some wanderers are non-lost.
Sahu, ꝡä tıeqbıao tú neqkoı.
It's false that each wanderer is lost.
Here is how bu interacts with quantifiers and tenses:
Mala bu chuq tú raı báq nam.
For each X: X has ever not-eaten bread.
Bu mala chuq tú raı báq nam.
For each X: X hasn't ever eaten bread.