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Negation: Difference between revisions
More negation scope notes
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== Scope == | == Scope == | ||
=== Quantifiers === | |||
The [[scope]] interactions with [[quantifier]]s can be surprising. Remember that quantifiers "float up" to the top of the clause, above {{t|bu}}. | The [[scope]] interactions with [[quantifier]]s can be surprising. Remember that quantifiers "float up" to the top of the clause, above {{t|bu}}. | ||
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To get the right meaning, we have to instead say | To get the right meaning, we have to instead say | ||
{{Example|Bu tıeqbıao sá neqkoı.|Some wanderers are non-lost.}} | {{Example|Bu tıeqbıao sá neqkoı.|Some wanderers are non-lost.}} | ||
Or we can use the verb {{t|sahu}} "to be false": | |||
{{Example|Sahu, ꝡä tıeqbıao tú neqkoı.|It's false that each wanderer is lost.}} | {{Example|Sahu, ꝡä tıeqbıao tú neqkoı.|It's false that each wanderer is lost.}} | ||
=== Tenses === | |||
Here is how {{t|bu}} interacts with quantifiers and tenses: | Here is how {{t|bu}} interacts with quantifiers and tenses: | ||
{{Example|Mala bu chuq tú raı báq nam.|For each X: X has ever not-eaten bread.}} | {{Example|Mala bu chuq tú raı báq nam.|For each X: X has ever not-eaten bread.}} | ||
{{Example|Bu mala chuq tú raı báq nam.|For each X: X hasn't ever eaten bread.}} | {{Example|Bu mala chuq tú raı báq nam.|For each X: X hasn't ever eaten bread.}} | ||
=== Adverbs === | |||
{{t|bu}} scopes over adverbs, so you can't say {{t|Bu guaı nháo dûo sá joa}} to mean "he hasn't worked all week." Instead, this sentence means "it's false that he works for a week." See [[Adverbs are low]]. | |||
=== Connectives === | |||
[[File:bukiamaqruluemaq.png|300px|thumb|right|Kuna's parse tree.]] | |||
Officially, {{t|rú}} is described as joining TPs, so {{t|Bu kıa máq rú lue máq}} means "It's false that [it's red and it's yellow]", i.e. it's neither red nor yellow. | |||
[[Kuna]] currently has {{t|rú}} joining ΣPs, so that {{t|Bu kıa máq rú lue máq}} means "It's not red, and it ''is'' yellow." | |||
<small>(TODO: resolve this? My intuition is lined up with pómı Kuna, and I'd repeat {{t|bu}} to say the other thing. But another option is to say that {{t|rú}} joins the smallest constituent on the right that's bigger than a verb, so {{t|bu kıa máq rú lue máq}} is vP-rú-vP and {{t|bu kıa máq rú <u>jeo</u> lue máq}} is how you achieve ΣP-rú-ΣP. [[User:Lynn|Lynn]] ([[User talk:Lynn|talk]]) 11:39, 30 March 2024 (UTC))</small> | |||