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User:Mỉ Mỉao ga Nhäqpy/Toaq, But Easy, at Least in the Beginning: Difference between revisions
User:Mỉ Mỉao ga Nhäqpy/Toaq, But Easy, at Least in the Beginning (view source)
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Nuaq: {{T|Hóı mí Mıao ꝡa naı noaq jí kúe ꝡë súq hóa.}} | Nuaq: {{T|Hóı mí Mıao ꝡa naı noaq jí kúe ꝡë súq hóa.}} | ||
Mıao: {{T| | Mıao: {{T|Á? O. Neaochıaqca ní…}} | ||
{{Details|English|Moon: What are you doing in this photo?! | {{Details|English|Moon: What are you doing in this photo?! | ||
| Line 115: | Line 115: | ||
|- | |- | ||
|{{t|hóa}} | |{{t|hóa}} | ||
| | |''(see grammar notes)'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
|{{t|hói}} | |{{t|hói}} | ||
| Line 130: | Line 130: | ||
|- | |- | ||
|{{t|kıaqtoe}} | |{{t|kıaqtoe}} | ||
|◌ cuts the hair/fur of ◌ | |◌ cuts the hair/fur of ◌ | ||
|- | |- | ||
|{{t|kue}} | |{{t|kue}} | ||
| Line 151: | Line 151: | ||
|- | |- | ||
|{{t|tao}} | |{{t|tao}} | ||
|◌ does ◌ | |◌ does ◌ | ||
|- | |- | ||
|{{t|tı}} | |{{t|tı}} | ||
| Line 157: | Line 157: | ||
|- | |- | ||
|{{t|ꝡa}} | |{{t|ꝡa}} | ||
| | |''(see grammar notes)'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
|{{t|ꝡë}} | |{{t|ꝡë}} | ||
| | |''(see grammar notes)'' | ||
|} | |} | ||
===2.1 - Prepositions=== | ===2.1 - Prepositions === | ||
Oh hey! New tone! The rising falling tone {{Done|4}} is used for prepositions and adverbs. Prepositions in Toaq use the second slot of a verb. | Oh hey! New tone! The rising falling tone {{Done|4}} is used for prepositions and adverbs. Prepositions in Toaq use the second slot of a verb. | ||
* {{T|tı}} = ◌ is at ◌ | *{{T|tı}} = ◌ is at ◌ | ||
* {{T|Tı jí búajıo.}} = “I’m at the house.” | *{{T|Tı jí búajıo.}} = “I’m at the house.” | ||
* {{T|Kuq jí tî búajıo.}} = “I talk at the house” | *{{T|Kuq jí tî búajıo.}} = “I talk at the house” | ||
=== 2.2 - Tense === | ===2.2 - Tense=== | ||
Toaq has words for tense, but unlike in English, they’re not mandatory. | Toaq has words for tense, but unlike in English, they’re not mandatory. | ||
{| | {| | ||
|{{T|pu}} | |{{T|pu}} | ||
|past | |past | ||
|- | |- | ||
|{{T|naı}} | |{{T|naı}} | ||
|now | |now | ||
|- | |- | ||
|{{T|jıa}} | |{{T|jıa}} | ||
| Line 183: | Line 183: | ||
|} | |} | ||
=== 2.3 - Adjectives === | ===2.3 - Adjectives === | ||
Adjectives come after the nouns they modify, similar to Spanish. Only the first word of a noun phrase gets the {{Done|2}} tone though, so adjectives get a {{Done|1}} tone like verbs. | Adjectives come after the nouns they modify, similar to Spanish. Only the first word of a noun phrase gets the {{Done|2}} tone though, so adjectives get a {{Done|1}} tone like verbs. | ||
=== 2.4 - Possession === | ===2.4 - Possession=== | ||
Possessive words come after the nouns they modify. Compare “X of Y” (rather than “Y’s X”) for English. | Possessive words come after the nouns they modify. Compare “X of Y” (rather than “Y’s X”) for English. | ||
To make possessive forms of pronouns, add the suffix {{T|-bo}}. | To make possessive forms of pronouns, add the suffix {{T|-bo}}. | ||
* {{T|kúne jıbo}} = “my dog” (“the dog of me”) | *{{T|kúne jıbo}} = “my dog” (“the dog of me”) | ||
* {{T|kúne suqbo}} = “your dog” (“the dog of you”) | *{{T|kúne suqbo}} = “your dog” (“the dog of you”) | ||
To make other things possessive, use {{T|po}}. | To make other things possessive, use {{T|po}}. | ||
* {{T|kúne po mı Nuaq}} = “Night’s dog” (“the dog of Night”) | *{{T|kúne po mı Nuaq}} = “Night’s dog” (“the dog of Night”) | ||
=== 2.5 - {{T|Hói}} over there! === | ===2.5 - {{T|Hói}} over there!=== | ||
The word {{T|hói}} is used for getting someone’s attention when saying their name. | The word {{T|hói}} is used for getting someone’s attention when saying their name. | ||
* {{T|Jadı mı Mıao}} ❌ | *{{T|Jadı mı Mıao}} ❌ | ||
* {{T|Jadı hói mı Mıao}} ✅ | *{{T|Jadı hói mı Mıao}} ✅ | ||
=== 2.6 - Ꝡha? === | === 2.6 - Ꝡha? === | ||
Ꝡhat’s this funny letter? The letter {{T|Ꝡ ꝡ}} can be pronounced as “w” /w/ or “y” /j/ depending on the previous vowel. It is pronounced as /w/ if the previous vowel was {{T|ı}} or {{T|e}} and /j/ if the previous vowel was {{T|o}} or {{T|u}}. Since it is not easily typed, it is often substituted with {{T|v}} or {{T|vy}}. Poor Ꝡ. | |||
=== 2.7 - Ꝡa? === | ===2.7 - Ꝡa?=== | ||
{{T|Ꝡa}} is a ( | {{T|Ꝡa}} is a (sometimes) word for marking the start of a new sentence. The reason it is used in {{T|Hóı mí Mıao ꝡa naı noaq jí kúe ꝡë súq hóa}} is to keep things separated. {{T|Ꝡa}}, along with its friends whom we will met later, are not required if the previous sentence ended with an illocution (in short, a word ending a sentence which explains the purpose of the sentence). | ||
=== 2.8 - Relative clauses === | ===2.8 - Relative clauses=== | ||
If you don’t know what a relative clause is, an example from the dialogue is “the book <u>which you wrote</u>”. The “which you wrote” part is the relative clause. | If you don’t know what a relative clause is, an example from the dialogue is “the book <u>which you wrote</u>”. The “which you wrote” part is the relative clause. | ||
{{t|Ꝡë}} marks the start of a relative clause and {{t|hóa}} is the resumptive pronoun. What’s that? Well, we need a way to know what the relative clause is referring to. There is a huge difference between “the book which I wrote” and “the book which wrote me”. | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
|{{t|kúe}} | |||
|{{t|ꝡë}} | |||
|{{t|kaı}} | |||
|{{t|jí}} | |||
|{{t|hóa}} | |||
|- | |||
|book | |||
|which | |||
|write | |||
|I | |||
|''hóa'' | |||
|- | |||
| colspan="5" |“the book which I wrote” | |||
|} | |||
Compare that to: | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
|{{t|kúe}} | |||
|{{t|ꝡë}} | |||
|{{t|kaı}} | |||
|{{red|{{t|hóa}}}} | |||
|{{red|{{t|jí}}}} | |||
|- | |||
|book | |||
|which | |||
|write | |||
|''hóa'' | |||
|I | |||
|- | |||
| colspan="5" |“the book which wrote {{red|me}}” | |||
|} | |||