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Latin writing system: Difference between revisions
update info; blurb about sparse tone marking no longer being a bogos to bint
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{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
! {{t|m}} !! {{t|b}} !! {{t|p}} !! {{t|f}} !! {{t|n}} !! {{t|d}} !! {{t|t}} !! {{t|z}} !! {{t|c}} !! {{t|s}} !! {{t|r}} !! {{t|l}} !! {{t|nh}} !! {{t|j}} !! {{t|ch}} !! {{t|sh}} !! {{t|q}} !! {{t|g}} !! {{t|k}} !! {{t|'}} !! {{t|h}} !! {{t|a}} !! {{t|u}} !! {{t|ı}} !! {{t|o}} !! {{t|e}} !! {{t|y}} | ! {{t|m}} !! {{t|b}} !! {{t|p}} !! {{t|f}} !! {{t|n}} !! {{t|d}} !! {{t|t}} !! {{t|z}} !! {{t|c}} !! {{t|s}} !! {{t|r}} !! {{t|l}} !! {{t|nh}} !! {{t|j}} !! {{t|ch}} !! {{t|sh}} !! {{t|ꝡ}} !! {{t|q}} !! {{t|g}} !! {{t|k}} !! {{t|'}} !! {{t|h}} !! {{t|a}} !! {{t|u}} !! {{t|ı}} !! {{t|o}} !! {{t|e}} !! {{t|y}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
| /m/ || /b/ || /pʰ/ || /f/ || /n/ || /d/ || /tʰ/ || /d͡z/ || /t͡sʰ/ || /s/ || /ɾ/ || /l/ || /ɲ/ || /d͡ʑ/ || /t͡ɕʰ/ || /ɕ/ || /ŋ/ || / | | /m/ || /b/ || /pʰ/ || /f/ || /n/ || /d/ || /tʰ/ || /d͡z/ || /t͡sʰ/ || /s/ || /ɾ/ || /l/ || /ɲ/ || /d͡ʑ/ || /t͡ɕʰ/ || /ɕ/ || /w~j/ || /ŋ/ || /ɡ/ || /kʰ/ || /ʔ/ || /h/ || /a/ || /u/ || /i/ || /o/ || /ɛ/ | ||
|} | |} | ||
In '''semi-native order''', the consonants are ordered in the Latin/Unicode way ({{t|b, c, ch, d…}}) while the vowels are still at the end, in {{t|a, u, ı, o, e | In '''semi-native order''', the consonants are ordered in the Latin/Unicode way ({{t|b, c, ch, d…}}) while the vowels are still at the end, in {{t|a, u, ı, o, e}} order. | ||
In '''non-native''' or '''Latin order''', the whole alphabet is ordered like the Latin alphabet: {{t|a, b, c, ch, d…}} | In '''non-native''' or '''Latin order''', the whole alphabet is ordered like the Latin alphabet: {{t|a, b, c, ch, d…}} | ||
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== Diacritics == | == Diacritics == | ||
The following diacritics are placed on the first vowel ({{t|a, u, ı, o, e | The following diacritics are placed on the first vowel ({{t|a, u, ı, o, e}}) of a word to mark non-default [[tone]] on the whole word: | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
! Nr. !! Mark !! On "a" !! Diacritic !! Unicode !! Tone name | ! Nr. !! Mark !! On "a" !! Diacritic !! Unicode !! Tone name | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | 1 || {{done|2}} || {{t|a}} || — || — || falling tone | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | 2 || {{done|2}} || {{t|á}} || acute accent || U+0301 || rising tone | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | 3 || {{done|3}} || {{t|ä}} || diaeresis || U+0308 || falling-glottal tone | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | 4 || {{done|4}} || {{t|â}} || circumflex || U+0302 || rising-falling tone | ||
|} | |} | ||
=== Sparse tone marking style === | === Sparse tone marking style === | ||
Before [[Toaq Delta]], a Toaq text could have chosen ''not'' to mark the most common tone, {{tone|4}}. This was called '''sparse tone marking style'''. | |||
A verb could never carry {{tone|8}}, so there would’ve been no confusion as long as the reader knew enough Toaq to tell particles from verbs. Therefore, this practice was acceptable in informal writing but discouraged in educational materials. This practice was made in connection with the theory that stated that {{tone|4}} was actually an inherent, or “default”, tone for verbs just as much as {{tone|8}} was for particles. | |||
[[Toaq Delta]] removed {{tone|8}} and the notion of a neutral tone altogether; {{done|1}}, although unmarked, is always understood as falling tone. Thus, one could say that with the introduction of the new four-[[tone]] system, sparse tone marking has become the standard, with both the phonology and the orthography backing it. | |||
== See also == | == See also == | ||