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FAQ: Difference between revisions
How do I skip slots?: Mentions object incorporation
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This page answers some '''frequently asked questions''' about Toaq. | |||
=== | == Getting started == | ||
=== Where do I start learning? === | |||
Try [[Toaq with Ease]] or the [[Grammar overview]]. The most complete resource is the [[refgram]]. | |||
=== | === "Complementizer"? "Covert"? I don't understand the refgram at all! === | ||
Don't worry, that's okay! It was written for an audience of linguists, not language learners. Focus on the example sentences if you feel lost in the jargon. If you don't understand a concept, try searching this wiki. You can also ask questions on [[Discord]]. | |||
=== How do I type the tone marks/symbols/diacritics? === | |||
See [[Input methods]]. | |||
=== What's the word for... === | |||
You can look it up on [[Toadua]], the community dictionary. | |||
== Speaking and writing == | |||
=== How many tones are there? What does each tone do? === | |||
There are four tones, but each one has various uses depending on the part of speech they are used with. Simplifying things a lot, {{Done|1}} is for particles and verbs, {{Done|2}} is for particles and (pro)nouns, {{Done|3}} marks subordination, and {{Done|4}} is for adverbs. See [[Tone]] for a thorough overview. <!--{{Tone table}}--> | |||
=== How do you pronounce…? === | |||
Please refer to https://toaq.net/refgram/phonology/. | |||
| | |||
=== What's up with the letter {{t|q}} in this language? Pronunciation of {{t|q}} === | |||
| | {{t|q}} is somewhat special and its pronunciation may not be immediately obvious. It is pronounced like English ⟨ng⟩ (IPA [ŋ]). The use of the letter Q is a nod to [https://loglangs.wiki/Ceqli Rex May’s Ceqli], an international auxiliary language with loglang elements; it’s also found in natural languages such as Fijian (where it represents [ᵑɡ], to be exact). | ||
=== What's with the ı / i without dot / dotless i? === | |||
|[[ | Writing ı without the dot distinguishes it more from an i that carries a tone mark, it also makes more room for an adjacent tone mark. Overall, it just makes things easier to read. See [[Latin writing system]]. | ||
== Grammar == | |||
=== Can I fill fewer slots than a verb has? === | |||
Probably! See [[Underfilling]]. | |||
=== How do I skip slots? (What's the equivalent of Lojban's <code>FA</code>?) === | |||
While not an exact equivalent of Lojban’s <code>FA</code>, if you need to access the last slot of a verb, you can use [[Object incorporation]]. Alternatively, just fill the slots with [[pronoun]]s. | |||
=== How does {{t|bọ}} work? What is the meaning / place structure of {{t|bọdo}}? === | |||
Semi-officially, it moves the direct object to the front, and removes the old subject. See [[bo-]]. | |||
| | |||
=== How do numbers work? === | |||
The official number system is that numbers are just verbs: {{t|saq}} means "___ are three in number", so {{t|Saq jío}} means "the buildings are three" and {{t|sá jıo saq}} means "some buildings that are three" (three buildings). | |||
A more elaborate unofficial number system is described at [[User:Loekıa/Numbers]]. | |||
| | === How do I refer back to {{t|sá}} without a following verb? Does it bind {{t|ráı}}? === | ||
| | No, you have to use {{t|hụ́sa}}. | ||
<!-- | |||
=== What's the difference between an indirect question and a {{t|ꝡé}} phrase? === | |||
The distinction is extremely important logically speaking, but English usually conflates the two, so many people overlook the difference. The following example illustrates the difference: | |||
| | # {{t|Dua jí ꝡä chı súq hí raı.}} = "I know ''what'' you believe" | ||
| | # {{t|Dua jí ꝡé chı súq hóa.}} = "I ''know'' what you believe" | ||
Let's say that what you believe is [God exists]. | |||
# says that I know that you believe [God exists], because I know what it is that you believe | |||
# says that I know that [God exists] is true, because I know that which you believe to be true. | |||
--> | |||
== Tools and resources == | |||
=== Is there a way to check whether my sentence is correct? / Is there a translator from Toaq to logic notation? === | |||
You can use [[Kuna]]'s web interface [https://toaq.net/kuna/ here]. | |||
=== How | === How can I join the [[Discord]] server? === | ||
Use [https://discord.gg/qDqDsH9 this invite link]. | |||
=== Is there a | === Is there a frequency list? === | ||
Yes! See [https://github.com/toaq/corpus/blob/main/frequency-list.txt frequency-list.txt] in the [https://github.com/toaq/corpus/ corpus] repo. | |||
=== Is there a list of translated sentences? === | |||
[https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1bCQoaX02ZyaElHiiMcKHFemO4eV1MEYmYloYZgOAhac/edit#gid=1395088029 This spreadsheet] has up-to-date example sentences in the "Refgram examples" and "A sentences" sheets. <!-- | |||
=== Where does the Toaq logo come from? === | === Where does the Toaq logo come from? === | ||
✅ It's original. | ✅ It's original. | ||
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=== How are roots created? === | === How are roots created? === | ||
✅ A priori, based on my intuition. I usually have to think long and hard and feel my options out before I decide what root to assign to a concept. | ✅ The author described the process as: "A priori, based on my intuition. I usually have to think long and hard and feel my options out before I decide what root to assign to a concept." | ||
Recently, many words are created by community consensus on [[Toadua]], including root words, using a variety of methods. | |||
=== Where can I find a dictionary? === | === Where can I find a dictionary? === | ||
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| nho || zı | | nho || zı | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | Nu da. || Bu nu da. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | Juna hóq da. || Sahu hóq da. | ||
|} | |} | ||
=== X seems to be missing from the language. Why does Toaq not have X? === | === X seems to be missing from the language. Why does Toaq not have X? === | ||
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=== What's the vowel order? === | === What's the vowel order? === | ||
✅ {{t|A U I O E}} | ✅ {{t|A U I O E}} | ||
--> | |||
<!-- | |||
=== What's the terminator of X? === | === What's the terminator of X? === | ||
✅ Unlike some other loglangs like Lojban and Loglan, modern Toaq doesn't feature any terminators at all! Instead, clauses can be closed by [[Auto-terminating clauses|filling every argument]], [[cleft]] structures, and connecting with a [[conjunction]] to another clause in the same scope. | ✅ Unlike some other loglangs like Lojban and Loglan, modern Toaq doesn't feature any terminators at all! Instead, clauses can be closed by [[Auto-terminating clauses|filling every argument]], [[cleft]] structures, and connecting with a [[conjunction]] to another clause in the same scope. | ||
=== Is there an automatic interpreter of Toaq? Is there a translator from Toaq to logic notation? === | === Is there an automatic interpreter of Toaq? Is there a translator from Toaq to logic notation? === | ||
✅ Indeed there is! | ✅ Indeed there is (for a slightly outdated version of Toaq called [[Toaq Gamma]])! | ||
Go to https://toaq.net/zugai/ and select logic. Note that Zugaı is still in development, so some things may not work as expected. | Go to https://toaq.net/zugai/ and select logic. Note that Zugaı is still in development, so some things may not work as expected. | ||
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| 83 || = || {{t|roaıheı saq}} | | 83 || = || {{t|roaıheı saq}} | ||
|} | |} | ||
--> | |||
<!-- | |||
=== How do I do an indirect quote? === | === How do I do an indirect quote? === | ||
✅ Use {{T|ꝡä}}+predicate with {{T|ruaq}} or {{T|duatua}} for indirect assertions and {{T|duasue}} for indirect questions: | ✅ Use {{T|ꝡä}}+predicate with {{T|ruaq}} or {{T|duatua}} for indirect assertions and {{T|duasue}} for indirect questions: | ||
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=== Is there a memrise deck? === | === Is there a memrise deck? === | ||
✅ There is, but it is outdated: https://www.memrise.com/course/1974691/toaq-simple-predicates-2018-06-03/ | ✅ There is, but it is outdated: https://www.memrise.com/course/1974691/toaq-simple-predicates-2018-06-03/ | ||
--> | |||
<!-- | |||
=== Is there a subreddit? === | === Is there a subreddit? === | ||
✅ Yes: https://old.reddit.com/r/Toaq/ | ✅ Yes: https://old.reddit.com/r/Toaq/ | ||
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| me || + || you || colspan=2 | || = || {{t|úmı}} || ''we, us'' | | me || + || you || colspan=2 | || = || {{t|úmı}} || ''we, us'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
| me || colspan=2 | || + || they || = || {{t| | | me || colspan=2 | || + || they || = || {{t|íme}} || ''we, us'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
| me || + || you || + || they || = || {{t| | | me || + || you || + || they || = || {{t|áma}} || ''we, us'' | ||
|} | |} | ||
; See article: [[Pronoun]] | ; See article: [[Pronoun]] | ||
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*: Example: {{t|jío puq}} "the [more than one] buildings" (explicit plural). | *: Example: {{t|jío puq}} "the [more than one] buildings" (explicit plural). | ||
Marking number is never required. It is usually obvious (or not terribly important) whether something is one thing or more than one thing. When in doubt, read a bare noun as plural unless context suggests otherwise. | Marking number is never required. It is usually obvious (or not terribly important) whether something is one thing or more than one thing. When in doubt, read a bare noun as plural unless context suggests otherwise. | ||
--> | |||
<!-- Unlike previous versions of Toaq, {{t|q}} does not have any allophonic variation - that is, it is always [ŋ] - because syllables may also end with {{t|m}}, which needs to stay distinct. --> | |||
Unlike previous versions of Toaq, {{t|q}} does not have any allophonic variation - that is, it is always [ŋ] - because syllables may also end with {{t|m}}, which needs to stay distinct. | |||
<!-- | |||
=== What are the words for the days of the week and for the months? === | === What are the words for the days of the week and for the months? === | ||
✅ The names for the days of the week are based on the colors of the rainbow, starting with red on Monday and ending with purple on Sunday: | ✅ The names for the days of the week are based on the colors of the rainbow, starting with red on Monday and ending with purple on Sunday: | ||
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| December || {{t|heıgujue}} | | December || {{t|heıgujue}} | ||
|} | |} | ||
--> | |||
<!-- | |||
=== Does Toaq have a flag? === | === Does Toaq have a flag? === | ||
✅ This is a candidate design: | ✅ This is a candidate design: | ||
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== References == | == References == | ||
<references /> | <references /> | ||
--> | |||