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Grammar overview: Difference between revisions
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== Sentence structure == | |||
Toaq word order is "verb, subject, object". | Toaq word order is "verb, subject, object". | ||
Verbs are in the falling tone {{Done|1}}. Pronouns are in the rising tone {{Done|2}}. | Verbs are in the falling tone {{Done|1}}. Pronouns are in the rising tone {{Done|2}}. | ||
{{Example|Guaı jí.| | {{Example|Guaı jí.|I work.}} | ||
{{Example|Dua jí hóq.| | {{Example|Dua jí hóq.|I know it.}} | ||
Verbs can be preceded by tense, aspect, and polarity (negation) words. | Verbs can be preceded by tense, aspect, and polarity (negation) words. | ||
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The default is {{t|da}} if there are no question words, and {{t|móq}} if there are. | The default is {{t|da}} if there are no question words, and {{t|móq}} if there are. | ||
{{Example|Jıa guaı jí nha.| | {{Example|Jıa guaı jí nha.|I'll work. [promise]}} | ||
Sentences can start with a [[complementizer]] in the falling tone {{Done|1}}: | Sentences can start with a [[complementizer]] in the falling tone {{Done|1}}: | ||
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In English it seems weird to have a complementizer in the main clause (*''That I'll work.'') but in Toaq it's fine. | In English it seems weird to have a complementizer in the main clause (*''That I'll work.'') but in Toaq it's fine. | ||
{{Example|Ꝡa | {{Example|Ꝡa guaı jí.|I work.}} | ||
{{Example|Ma chum guaı súq?| | {{Example|Ma chum guaı súq?|Are you working?}} | ||
{{Example|Tıo foı súq móq?| | {{Example|Tıo foı súq móq?|How bored are you?}} | ||
Placing these complementizers in {{Done|3}} is how you start a subclause: | Placing these complementizers in {{Done|3}} is how you start a subclause: | ||
{{Example|Dua jí, wä guaı súq.| | {{Example|Dua jí, wä guaı súq.|I know that you work.}} | ||
{{Example|Bu dua jí, mä guaı súq.| | {{Example|Bu dua jí, mä guaı súq.|I don't know whether you work.}} | ||
== Nouns that aren't pronouns == | |||
In Toaq, nouns and verbs and adjectives are all the same part of speech, called verbs. | |||
{{Example|Kato jí.|I am-a-cat.}} | |||
{{Example|Jara nháo.|I run.}} | |||
{{Example|Nuı jí.|I am-small.}} | |||
We can make noun phrases (really, [[determiner phrase]]s) by combining a [[determiner]] (particle in {{done|2}}) with a verb. | |||
{{Example|sá kato|'''some''' that are-cats, i.e. some cat(s)}} | |||
{{Example|tú jara|'''each''' that runs, i.e. each runner}} | |||
{{Example|báq nuı|'''[[kind]]''' that is-small, i.e. small things in general}} | |||
This always binds a "variable" that can be accessed by repeating the verb itself in the rising tone {{done|2}}. | |||
{{Example|Dua tú poq wä suao {{green|póq}}.|Each person knows that {{green|they}} are important.}} | |||