160
edits
Semantics: Difference between revisions
Start events section
m (Fix a typo) |
(Start events section) |
||
| Line 72: | Line 72: | ||
== Events == | == Events == | ||
One of the most basic jobs of any semantic theory is to define how verbs work. The traditional approach, used widely throughout mathematics, is to represent {{Derani| |Fa jí náomi}} as <math>\text{fa}(\text{j}\mathrm{\acute{i}}, \text{n}\mathrm{\acute{a}}\text{omi})</math>, where the verb is interpreted as a function (here, <math>\left\langle \text{e} \left\langle \text{e}, \text{t} \right\rangle \right\rangle</math>) receiving the subject and any objects as arguments. But sadly, this approach is unable to account for tense, aspect, or adverbs. | |||
Modern semantics research has settled on a single concept to overcome all of these issues: '''events'''. An event is an extra argument passed to a verb representing the action itself; the instance of that verb "happening". For instance, <math>\text{fa}(\text{j}\mathrm{\acute{i}}, \text{n}\mathrm{\acute{a}}\text{omi})(e) </math> reads "''e'' is an event of me going to the sea". Whereas the first two arguments represent the participants in the action (the goer and the destination), ''e'' stands for the thing that connects them: the going, or the journey. Then, a sentence like {{Derani| |Fa jí náomi}} can be understood as claiming that there ''is'' such an event: <math>\exists e.\ \text{fa}(\text{j}\mathrm{\acute{i}}, \text{n}\mathrm{\acute{a}}\text{omi})(e) </math>. | |||
This gives us a systematic way to deal with adverbs: to modify the verb, modify the ''event variable introduced by the verb''. This is intended to reflect the intuition that "I slept briefly" has the same meaning as "My sleep was brief". For example, {{Derani| |Fa jí náomı râo jíajoa}} can be interpreted as <math>\exists e.\ \text{fa}(\text{j}\mathrm{\acute{i}}, \text{n}\mathrm{\acute{a}}\text{omi})(e) \land \text{rao}(e, \text{j}\mathrm{\acute{i}}\text{ajoa}) </math>. | |||
With events in our toolbox, tense and aspect also fall into place. If we imagine that every event has a temporal footprint (the points in time at which it takes place), then it seems reasonable that there should be a function to access this information. We call this <math>\tau</math>, the '''temporal trace function''' (type <math>\left\langle \text{v}, \text{i} \right\rangle</math>). | |||
TODO finish and mention shorthand without event variable | |||
== Worlds == | == Worlds == | ||
TODO | |||
== Presuppositions == | == Presuppositions == | ||