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Grammar overview: Difference between revisions
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{{Example|{{red|Bu}} suao hóq.|It's {{red|not}} important.}} | {{Example|{{red|Bu}} suao hóq.|It's {{red|not}} important.}} | ||
{{Example|{{green|Pu}} {{orange|fı | {{Example|{{green|Pu}} {{orange|fı}} guaı jí.|I {{green|was}} {{orange|about to}} work.}} | ||
== Clauses == | == Clauses == | ||
You can start a subclause by saying certain particles in the glottal tone {{Done|3}}. There's {{t|ꝡä}} "that", {{t|mä}} "whether", {{t|tïo}} "to what degree" and more. | |||
You can start a subclause by saying | |||
{{Example|Dua jí, ꝡä guaı súq.|I know that you work.}} | {{Example|Dua jí, ꝡä guaı súq.|I know that you work.}} | ||
{{Example|Bu dua jí, mä | {{Example|Bu dua jí, mä meo súq.|I don't know whether you're sad.}} | ||
{{Example|Pu dua jí, tïo foı súq.|I knew how bored you were.}} | |||
You can also use these | You can also use these particles in the falling tone {{Done|1}} in the main clause. {{t|Ꝡa}} doesn't change the meaning, but {{t|ma}} and {{t|tıo}} are how you ask questions. | ||
In English it seems weird to have a complementizer in the main clause (*''That I'll work.'') but in Toaq it's fine. | In English it seems weird to have a "complementizer" in the main clause (*''That I'll work.'') but in Toaq it's fine. | ||
{{Example|Ꝡa guaı jí.|I work.}} | {{Example|Ꝡa guaı jí.|I work.}} | ||
{{Example|Ma | {{Example|Ma meo súq?|Are you sad? (Whether you're sad?)}} | ||
{{Example|Tıo foı súq móq?|How bored are you?}} | {{Example|Tıo foı súq móq?|How bored are you?}} | ||
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{{Example|Nuı jí.|I am-small.}} | {{Example|Nuı jí.|I am-small.}} | ||
We can make noun phrases | We can make noun phrases by combining a [[determiner]] (particle in {{done|2}}) with a verb. Determiners are words like: the, a, each, some… | ||
{{Example|sá kato|'''some''' that are-cats, i.e. some cat(s)}} | {{Example|sá kato|'''some''' that are-cats, i.e. some cat(s)}} | ||
{{Example|tú jara|'''each''' that runs, i.e. each runner}} | {{Example|tú jara|'''each''' that runs, i.e. each runner}} | ||
{{Example|báq nuı|'''[[kind]]''' that is-small, i.e. small things in general}} | {{Example|báq nuı|'''[[kind]]''' that is-small, i.e. small things (in general)}} | ||
This always binds a "variable" that can be accessed by repeating the verb itself in the rising tone {{done|2}}. | This always binds a "variable" that can be accessed by repeating the verb itself in the rising tone {{done|2}}. | ||
{{Example|Dua tú poq, ꝡä suao {{green|póq}}.|Each person knows that {{green|they}} are important.}} | {{Example|Dua tú poq, ꝡä suao {{green|póq}}.|Each person knows that {{green|they}} are important.}} | ||
== Saying "the" == | |||
You can put a verb in {{done|2}} even when there was not a "binding" earlier in the sentence. This acts like saying "the" in English. The "binding" lives in the shared context or knowledge of the speaker and the listener. | |||
{{Example|Luaı póq.|The person is funny.}} | |||
The determiner {{t|hú}} means "the/that", too, but explicitly means we're referring to something mentioned earlier. | |||
{{Example|Luaı hú poq.|That person (you or I mentioned) is funny.}} | |||
The determiner {{t|ké}} means "the/this/that" when we're referring to something definite but ''not'' mentioned earlier. | |||
{{Example|Luaı ké poq.|(There's) this person (who) is funny.}} | |||
== {{t|hí}} and {{t|raı}} == | == {{t|hí}} and {{t|raı}} == | ||