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Conjunction: Difference between revisions

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{verb,noun} {phrase → form}
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({verb,noun} {phrase → form})
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The logical conjunctions are: {{t|ru}} “and”, {{t|ra}} “either/or”, {{t|ro}} “xor”, and {{t|rı}} “which one?”.
The logical conjunctions are: {{t|ru}} “and”, {{t|ra}} “either/or”, {{t|ro}} “xor”, and {{t|rı}} “which one?”.


They can combine noun phrases, verb phrases, adverbials, prepositions, relative clauses, and statements: see the [https://toaq.net/refgram/22/ refgram].
They can combine noun forms, verb forms, adverbials, prepositions, relative clauses, and statements: see the [https://toaq.net/refgram/22/ refgram].


=== On combining verb phrases ===
=== On combining verb forms ===
Logical conjunctions of verb phrases have “combine the sentences” semantics ''inside their would-be definition'', rather than causing a bifurcation in the clause they're in.
Logical conjunctions of verb forms have “combine the sentences” semantics ''inside their would-be definition'', rather than causing a bifurcation in the clause they're in.


For example, {{t|bảo ru kủo}} is a new verb phrase meaning “___ is white, and it is black”.
For example, {{t|bảo ru kủo}} is a new verb form meaning “___ is white, and it is black”.


So {{t|Nẻo sa bảo ru kủo tóq}} claims that there is a black-and-white thing on the table. We do not read it as {{t|(Nẻo sa bảo tóq) & (Nẻo sa kủo tóq)}}. If this meaning is desired it can be recovered by combining noun phrases instead: {{t|Nẻo sa bảo ru <u>sa</u> kủo tóq}}.
So {{t|Nẻo sa bảo ru kủo tóq}} claims that there is a black-and-white thing on the table. We do not read it as {{t|(Nẻo sa bảo tóq) & (Nẻo sa kủo tóq)}}. If this meaning is desired it can be recovered by combining noun forms instead: {{t|Nẻo sa bảo ru <u>sa</u> kủo tóq}}.


=== On combining statements ===
=== On combining statements ===
To say “I work and you rest”, you might try {{t|Gủaı jí ru sẻa súq}}. But this is incorrect: {{t|jí ru sẻa}} is a [[noun phrase]] meaning “that which is me and rests”. (It's the {{tone|2}} tone-conjugation of the conjoined [[verb phrase]] {{t|jỉ ru sẻa}}.)
To say “I work and you rest”, you might try {{t|Gủaı jí ru sẻa súq}}. But this is incorrect: {{t|jí ru sẻa}} is a [[noun form]] meaning “that which is me and rests”. (It's the {{tone|2}} tone-conjugation of the conjoined [[verb form]] {{t|jỉ ru sẻa}}.)


Statements are correctly combined by placing the statement-terminator particle {{t|na}} in front of the conjunction.
Statements are correctly combined by placing the statement-terminator particle {{t|na}} in front of the conjunction.
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== Non-logical conjunctions ==
== Non-logical conjunctions ==
A '''non-logical''' conjunction is one that combines two noun phrases into a new noun phrase, without such “logical expansion” semantics.
A '''non-logical''' conjunction is one that combines two noun forms into a new noun form, without such “logical expansion” semantics.


The only non-logical conjunction in standard Toaq is {{t|roı}} “together with”, which takes the [[plural logic]] “sum” of its conjugands.
The only non-logical conjunction in standard Toaq is {{t|roı}} “together with”, which takes the [[plural logic]] “sum” of its conjugands.
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{{Example|Hỉe <u>súq ru jí</u> sa shỉ cẻa da.|You carry a bag, and I carry a bag.}}
{{Example|Hỉe <u>súq ru jí</u> sa shỉ cẻa da.|You carry a bag, and I carry a bag.}}


Joining things that aren't noun phrases with {{t|roı}} is a bit semantically dubious. Possibly, joining statements with {{t|roı}} means something like claiming a “sum event” of two things happening together, maybe in the same time/place/context, rather than claiming that one happens and the other happens.
Joining things that aren't noun forms with {{t|roı}} is a bit semantically dubious. Possibly, joining statements with {{t|roı}} means something like claiming a “sum event” of two things happening together, maybe in the same time/place/context, rather than claiming that one happens and the other happens.


== Prefix usage ==
== Prefix usage ==