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=== Redefinitions === | === Redefinitions === | ||
*; {{t|soq}}, {{t|suı}} {{ | *; {{t|soq}}, {{t|suı}} {{boldn't|officially ''{{x}} is the most [least] in property {{x}}''{{t|||#1MvFSwe-Fr}}{{t|||#yapw013t4Z}}}} | ||
*:* ''{{x}} is the singular least [most] among the however many most ''[least]'' in property {{x}}'' (<abbr title=active>2021-09</abbr>, [[xorxes]] et al.) – preserves the x₂ of the original definition by relying on the cardinality being expressed in the x₃. Convenient with left grouping (see [[#Serial predicate composition|below]]). | *:* ''{{x}} is the singular least [most] among the however many most ''[least]'' in property {{x}}'' (<abbr title=active>2021-09</abbr>, [[xorxes]] et al.) – preserves the x₂ of the original definition by relying on the cardinality being expressed in the x₃. Convenient with left grouping (see [[#Serial predicate composition|below]]). | ||
*:* ''{{x}} satisfies property {{x}} the most [least]'' (<abbr title=active>2022-01</abbr>, [[uakci]]{{t|||#8FtyCn9fR|}}) – attributive, not predicative; {{t|suı}} is not an exact opposite of {{t|soq}} (as it is not alienans; use {{t|soq bủ}} appropriately) | *:* ''{{x}} satisfies property {{x}} the most [least]'' (<abbr title=active>2022-01</abbr>, [[uakci]]{{t|||#8FtyCn9fR|}}) – attributive, not predicative; {{t|suı}} is not an exact opposite of {{t|soq}} (as it is not alienans; use {{t|soq bủ}} appropriately) | ||
*:* ''{{x}}, among {{x}}, is the {{x}}-est'' ([[hoaqgıo]]{{t|||#yXBeLlHeW|}}) – convenient in serial usage. Will probably be the one replace the status quo given <abbr title=accepted>{{bg|lightgreen|[[Frame#Table of semantic frames|the serial verb simplification pending]]}}</abbr> | *:* ''{{x}}, among {{x}}, is the {{x}}-est'' ([[hoaqgıo]]{{t|||#yXBeLlHeW|}}) – convenient in serial usage. Will probably be the one replace the status quo given <abbr title=accepted>{{bg|lightgreen|[[Frame#Table of semantic frames|the serial verb simplification pending]]}}</abbr> | ||
* | * | ||
*; {{t|ko}} {{ | *; {{t|ko}} {{boldn't|officially ''{{x}} is N-th amongst {{x}}, where N = {{x}}, in property {{x}}''{{t|||#YYMrd1k62i}}}} | ||
*:* ''{{x}} is {{x}}-th amongst {{x}}'' (<abbr title=active>2021</abbr>, [[Hoemaı]], probably, given <abbr title=accepted>{{bg|lightgreen|the new hard cap of 3 slots}}</abbr>) | *:* ''{{x}} is {{x}}-th amongst {{x}}'' (<abbr title=active>2021</abbr>, [[Hoemaı]], probably, given <abbr title=accepted>{{bg|lightgreen|the new hard cap of 3 slots}}</abbr>) | ||
*:* ''{{x}} is the last amongst the {{x}} (number) most {{x}} (property).'' (<abbr title=active>2021-09</abbr>[[xorxes]]{{t|||#_s7CDnVtp|}}) | *:* ''{{x}} is the last amongst the {{x}} (number) most {{x}} (property).'' (<abbr title=active>2021-09</abbr>[[xorxes]]{{t|||#_s7CDnVtp|}}) | ||
* | * | ||
*; {{t|mu}} {{ | *; {{t|mu}} {{boldn't|officially ''{{x}} satisfies relation {{x}} with the slots swapped''{{t|||#5zQkF82U9w}}}} | ||
*:* ''{{x}} satisfies the converse of relation {{x}}; {{x}} and {{x}} satisfy the converse of relation {{x}}'' (<abbr title=active>2021?<abbr>, [[Ntsékees]]{{t|||#BDcrdhZWs|}} et al.) | *:* ''{{x}} satisfies the converse of relation {{x}}; {{x}} and {{x}} satisfy the converse of relation {{x}}'' (<abbr title=active>2021?<abbr>, [[Ntsékees]]{{t|||#BDcrdhZWs|}} et al.) | ||
*:* ''{{x}} satisfies with {{x}} the converse of relation {{x}}'' (2019–<abbr title=inactive>2021</abbr>, ?) – supplanted by official definition above | *:* ''{{x}} satisfies with {{x}} the converse of relation {{x}}'' (2019–<abbr title=inactive>2021</abbr>, ?) – supplanted by official definition above | ||
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Some of the above could be turned into [[determiner]]s, since they pass ''the {{t|tuq}} test'': (in older Toaq,) {{t|ke tủq hỏa}} ≡ {{t|sa tủq hỏa}} ≡ {{t|tu tủq hỏa}}, hence {{t|tuq}} is determiner-like (and <abbr title=official>{{bg|khaki|has been turned into a determiner with the release of [[Toaq γ]]}}). | Some of the above could be turned into [[determiner]]s, since they pass ''the {{t|tuq}} test'': (in older Toaq,) {{t|ke tủq hỏa}} ≡ {{t|sa tủq hỏa}} ≡ {{t|tu tủq hỏa}}, hence {{t|tuq}} is determiner-like (and <abbr title=official>{{bg|khaki|has been turned into a determiner with the release of [[Toaq γ]]}}). | ||
*; {{t|cuaq}} {{ | *; {{t|cuaq}} {{boldn't|officially ''{{x}} is the idea of satisfying property {{x}}''{{t|||#SDgMdMcddw}}}} | ||
*:* ''{{x}} is the property of satisfying property {{x}}.'' {{ | *:* ''{{x}} is the property of satisfying property {{x}}.'' {{boldn't|<abbr title=active>2021-2022</abbr>, [[uakci]] et al.}} | ||
* | * | ||
*; {{t|peı}} {{ | *; {{t|peı}} {{boldn't|''{{x}} is the number representing the cardinality of {{x}}''{{t|||#EW44Y4NoP|}}}} (?) | ||
=== Additions to the core vocabulary/lexicosemantics === | === Additions to the core vocabulary/lexicosemantics === | ||
*; {{t|sıy||#ONzdI-jV6|}}, {{t|fay||#spTVywkdY|}}: {{ | *; {{t|sıy||#ONzdI-jV6|}}, {{t|fay||#spTVywkdY|}}: {{boldn't|''{{x}} is an event with {{x}} as its source [destination]'' (2021-10?, [[uakci]])}} | ||
== Grammatical features == | == Grammatical features == | ||
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*:* {{t|deı||#i9fWapkku|}} – applies (“unboxes”) the complement n-ary relation; e.g., {{t|doı lûaq ja ja}} ≡ {{t|luaq²}} (?–<abbr title=inactive>{{bg|lightgrey|2019-08}}</abbr>) | *:* {{t|deı||#i9fWapkku|}} – applies (“unboxes”) the complement n-ary relation; e.g., {{t|doı lûaq ja ja}} ≡ {{t|luaq²}} (?–<abbr title=inactive>{{bg|lightgrey|2019-08}}</abbr>) | ||
* | * | ||
*; <abbr>{{t|mu}}</abbr> {{ | *; <abbr>{{t|mu}}</abbr> {{boldn't|(the now insolvent class of predicate modifiers)}} | ||
*:* {{t|doı||#pTN8Ky42d|}} – forces the highest arity in a predicate (<abbr title=inactive>{{bg|lightgrey|2018-11}}</abbr>). Inactive by virtue of [[Hoemaı]]’s inclusion of {{t|doı|{{x}} respects {{x}}|#jdaIe8i6fU}} | *:* {{t|doı||#pTN8Ky42d|}} – forces the highest arity in a predicate (<abbr title=inactive>{{bg|lightgrey|2018-11}}</abbr>). Inactive by virtue of [[Hoemaı]]’s inclusion of {{t|doı|{{x}} respects {{x}}|#jdaIe8i6fU}} | ||
* | * | ||
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=== Make one thing work like another thing === | === Make one thing work like another thing === | ||
*; <abbr title=determiners>{{t|sa}}</abbr> ⊂ <abbr title=predicates>{{t|raı}}</abbr> {{ | *; <abbr title=determiners>{{t|sa}}</abbr> ⊂ <abbr title=predicates>{{t|raı}}</abbr> {{boldn't|(2019–<abbr title=inactive>{{bg|lightgrey|2020?}}, [[uakci]])}} | ||
* | * | ||
*; {{t|hı, co}} ⊂ <abbr title=complementizers>{{t|la}}</abbr> {{ | *; {{t|hı, co}} ⊂ <abbr title=complementizers>{{t|la}}</abbr> {{boldn't|(<abbr title=inactive>{{bg|lightgrey|2019-03}}</abbr>, [[uakci]])}} | ||
=== Predicate-like particles; predicatizers === | === Predicate-like particles; predicatizers === | ||
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*:* As a particle: {{t|pòı}} and {{t|põı}} used to be official particles until [?] happened. | *:* As a particle: {{t|pòı}} and {{t|põı}} used to be official particles until [?] happened. | ||
* | * | ||
*; {{t|po}} ∈ <abbr title="naming particles">{{t|mı}}</abbr> {{ | *; {{t|po}} ∈ <abbr title="naming particles">{{t|mı}}</abbr> {{boldn't|(2021-11?, [[uakci]])}} | ||
*: Make {{t|po}} accept all kinds of phrases – like {{t|mı, mıru}}, unlike {{t|mea, jeı}} – including prepositionals ({{t|po nèo tóqfua ga kủe}} ‘book on the table’) as well as elliptical “phrases” ({{t|chỉ jí pó bũ}} ‘I think not’). | *: Make {{t|po}} accept all kinds of phrases – like {{t|mı, mıru}}, unlike {{t|mea, jeı}} – including prepositionals ({{t|po nèo tóqfua ga kủe}} ‘book on the table’) as well as elliptical “phrases” ({{t|chỉ jí pó bũ}} ‘I think not’). | ||
=== Serial predicate composition === | === Serial predicate composition === | ||
*; Head-initial composition {{ | *; Head-initial composition {{boldn't|(2019?-<abbr title=inactive>{{bg|pink|2021-08}}<ref group=ref name=xorxes-left-grouping/></abbr>, spearheaded by [[xorxes]])}} | ||
*: Define the serial composition relation ∘ as left-associative. This brings benefits in more complicated constructs where filling two slots one at a time is necessary. | *: Define the serial composition relation ∘ as left-associative. This brings benefits in more complicated constructs where filling two slots one at a time is necessary. | ||
* | * | ||
*; Numeric predicate interactions {{ | *; Numeric predicate interactions {{boldn't|(2018-03–<abbr title=active>2022</abbr>, various people, notably [[Ntsékees]], [[Seoqrea]], [[uakci]])}} | ||
*: A restricted version of the above: define some predicates as numeral-consuming and group them tight with following numerals, e.g., {{t|((ko shỉ) pảq)}}. | *: A restricted version of the above: define some predicates as numeral-consuming and group them tight with following numerals, e.g., {{t|((ko shỉ) pảq)}}. | ||
* | * | ||
*; Predicate-consuming slots {{ | *; Predicate-consuming slots {{boldn't|(2019-04–<abbr title=inactive>{{bg|lightgrey|2020}}</abbr>, [[uakci]])}} | ||
*: Certain verbs would subordinate entire predicates, consuming all of their places. Originally motivated by {{t|jane|{{x}} is the arity of predicate {{x}}|#SyvvCRFbE|}}. | *: Certain verbs would subordinate entire predicates, consuming all of their places. Originally motivated by {{t|jane|{{x}} is the arity of predicate {{x}}|#SyvvCRFbE|}}. | ||
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=== New grammatical productions === | === New grammatical productions === | ||
*; {{t|<abbr title=predicates>raı</abbr> <abbr title="place tags">go</abbr> <abbr title=predicates>raı</abbr>}} {{ | *; {{t|<abbr title=predicates>raı</abbr> <abbr title="place tags">go</abbr> <abbr title=predicates>raı</abbr>}} {{boldn't|(2018-11–<abbr title=inactive>{{bg|lightgrey|2019-07}}</title>, [[uakci]])}} | ||
*: Redundant to the present-day [[genitival serial]] construction. | *: Redundant to the present-day [[genitival serial]] construction. | ||
* | * | ||
*; Focus tag maker {{t|ku}} {{ | *; Focus tag maker {{t|ku}} {{boldn't|(2018-11–<abbr title=active>10-10-2022<abbr>, [[uakci]])}} | ||
*: Originally {{t|meq}}; consumes a predicate to turn into a focus marker (<abbr title>{{t|ku}}</abbr> class – like {{t|ku, mao, tou, juaq}}). | *: Originally {{t|meq}}; consumes a predicate to turn into a focus marker (<abbr title>{{t|ku}}</abbr> class – like {{t|ku, mao, tou, juaq}}). | ||