Experimental features: Difference between revisions

All living languages, constructed or natural, have a tendency to fluctuate organically. A conlang like Toaq is by its very nature [[wikipedia:prescriptive|prescribed]] by its author (see [[Reference grammar|reference grammar]]). While the inherent prescriptiveness of loglangs ([https://loglangs.wiki/Definitions_of_loglanghood whatever they are]) does mean that there will always be a discernible “barrier” between the official and the unofficial, this does not mean that the prescriptive standard cannot embrace features found within the community over time.

This page documents unofficial, experimental features of the language. Each particular feature is not elaborated upon beyond what is necessary to grasp the gist of it. This is not a discussion page nor a soapbox (try [[Discord]] instead), and is intended as a historical, at-a-glance document.

== Lexical features ==

=== Redefinitions ===

*

*

=== Determiner-like predicates ===

*

=== Additions to the core vocabulary/lexicosemantics ===

=== Particles extending existing classes ===

*; <abbr title=illocutions>{{t|da}}</abbr>:

*

*; <abbr title=conjunctions>{{t|ru}}</abbr>:

*

*; <abbr title="object-incorporating particles">{{t|po}}</abbr>:

*

*; <abbr title=vocatives>{{t|hu}}</abbr>:

*

*; <abbr title="prenex terminator">{{t|bı}}</abbr>:

*

*; <abbr title=complementizers>{{t|la}}</abbr>:

=== Predicate-like particles; predicatizers ===

*:* As a plain predicate: ''{{x}} is an event whose first-slot participant also satisfies property {{x}}''{{t|||#2487EMdnD|}}. Requires so-called [[structure-preserving propositions]] to function.

*:* As a particle: {{t|pòı}} and {{t|põı}} used to be official particles until [?] happened.

*

*: Make {{t|po}} accept all kinds of phrases – like {{t|mı, mıru}}, unlike {{t|mea, jeı}} – including prepositionals ({{t|po nèo tóqfua ga kủe}} ‘book on the table’) as well as elliptical “phrases” ({{t|chỉ jí pó bũ}} ‘I think not’).

=== Serial predicate composition ===

*: Define the serial composition relation ∘ as left-associative. This brings benefits in more complicated constructs where filling two slots one at a time is necessary.

*

*: A restricted version of the above: define some predicates as numeral-consuming and group them tight with following numerals, e.g., {{t|((ko shỉ) pảq)}}.

*

=== New grammatical productions ===

*: Originally {{t|meq}}; consumes a predicate to turn into a focus marker (<abbr title>{{t|ku}}</abbr> class – like {{t|ku, mao, tou, juaq}}).

*

*: For any binary predicate phrase {{t|hảo}}, {{t|jıoı hảo ga}} constitutes a conjunction that feeds both “branches” of a sentence to {{t|hảo}}. Specifically, {{t|nủ shí jıoı hảo ga gú}} ≡ {{t|hảo nû shí cy nû gú}}.

*

*: <abbr title=determiners>{{t|sa}}</abbr> may precede <abbr title=complementizers>{{t|la}}</abbr> in a clause. Such determiners take {{tone|5}} in a content clause and {{tone|3}} in a relative clause. They quantify instances of an event – i.e., {{t|sâ pảı}} is ‘some friendship’, while {{t|bâq pảı}} is ‘instances of friendship in the abstract’.

*: Canonically, {{t|bâq hảo}} is interpreted as the {{t|guo₂}} version of {{t|lâ hảo}}.

== Notes ==

<references group=ref>

<ref name="xorxes-left-grouping">

: Lastly, serial predicates are right-grouping. I already know how this works in the grammar and it’s beautiful and simple and fits nicely among the other bits of this head-initial language. Left-grouping serials just don’t make sense to me (ko mi fraxu doi xy.).

</ref>

</references>