Changes between Beta and Gamma: Difference between revisions

Here is a quick overview of changes since the Public Beta version of Toaq on http://toaq.org/:

* Sounds and spelling:

** An [https://toaqlanguage.wordpress.com/2019/07/25/on-the-sounds-of-toaq-phonology-update/ update] to the tones: the '''ǎ''' tone for relative clauses is now "rising glottal", and it is spelled '''ä'''. The '''ã''' tone for adverbs is now "falling glottal".

** There are new consonants '''z''' [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_affricate#Voiced_alveolar_sibilant_affricate /d͡z/] and '''nh''' [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voiced_palatal_nasal /ɲ/]. There is a new vowel '''y''' [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid_central_vowel /ə/].

** There are some new syllable endings, like '''uoı'''. They aren't fully set in stone yet.

** Syllables [https://toaqlanguage.wordpress.com/2019/07/25/on-the-sounds-of-toaq-phonology-update/ may start with an unwritten glottal stop], like '''elū''' (elephant). Within a word it's written with an apostrophe: '''elū'āı'''.

* Vocabulary:

** The interjections '''ha''', '''hıa''', '''hue''' are gone. Future interjections will probably look like: '''á''', '''è''', '''m̄'''.

** A few common words have moved: '''toaq''' (language) is now '''zu'''. '''deoq''' (talk) is now '''koy'''. '''suo''' (broken) is now '''zuy'''.

* The [https://toaqlanguage.wordpress.com/2019/07/24/on-quantifiers-and-variables-grammar-update/ quantifiers update]:

** Quantifiers now precede a falling-tone predicate phrase: '''sa rảı''' instead of '''sa ráı'''.

** '''sa kủnē''' binds a variable that may be referred back to using '''kúnē'''.

** '''do''' (the special variable name word) is no longer used, because every word can act like a variable name.

** '''baq''' is now a quantifier. '''baq pỏq''' means "people", the [[kind]], rather than "a person" or "some people".

** '''hoı''' ("the aforementioned…") is now a quantifier.

* The [[Small Grammar Update]]:

** Adverbs no longer work like '''sủaq dẽ = dẻ sûaq'''. Instead they just embellish the assertion (like '''sủaq, na ru dẻ hôq''').

* The new [https://toaqlanguage.wordpress.com/2021/08/13/toaqs-pronominal-system/ pronoun system]:

** '''ho''' is now always "[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anaphora_(linguistics) anaphoric]": it refers to someone mentioned earlier in the text. The new "[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exophora exophoric]" third-person pronoun is '''nhao'''.

** '''ta''' is now a pronoun referring to adjectival descriptions like '''sa dẻ'''. There's no new 4th-slot tag to follow '''fı go cu'''.

* [https://toaqlanguage.wordpress.com/2021/08/09/miscellanea-2/ Miscellanea #2]:

** '''lu''' now works the same in every tone (it didn't quite before), and always binds '''hoa'''.

** '''la''' now starts a declaration the way '''ma''' starts a question. The fate of "old '''la'''" is undecided.

** Instead of '''lû''', say '''lâ''' now.

* [https://toaqlanguage.wordpress.com/2021/08/13/miscellanea-3/ Miscellanea #3]:

** '''ju''' takes a full sentence.

** '''lu''' is terminated by '''ky''', and relative/content clauses are terminated by '''cy'''.