Cheat sheet/Gamma: Difference between revisions

=== Pronouns ===

* {{t|jí}} = me

* {{t|suqbo}} = ___ is yours

* {{t|maqbo}} = ___ is its (inanimate)

* {{t|poq}} = ___ is a person

* {{t|ocha}} = ___ is a human

* {{t|haq}} = ___ is food

* {{t|rua}} = ___ is a flower

* {{t|maı}} = ___ loves ___

* {{t|paı}} = ___ is a friend of ___

* {{t|nıe}} = ___ is inside ___

* {{t|neo}} = ___ is on top of ___

* {{t|toa}} = ___ is a word

* {{t|muı}} = ___ is a meaning of ___

** {{t|muıbo}} / {{t|semıo}} = ___ means ___

* {{t|toaq}} = ___ is Toaqic

* {{t|dua}} = ___ knows ___

* {{t|chı}} = ___ believes ___

* {{t|shao}} = ___ wants ___ to happen

* {{t|choq}} = ___ uses ___ to do ___

* {{t|ca}} = ___ causes ___

* {{t|kuı}} = ___ is because ___

* {{t|raı}} = ___ is something

* {{t|nı}} = ___ is this/that

=== Tenses and aspects ===

* {{t|pu}} = ___ happened

* {{t|nıqguo}} = ___ happens again

* {{t|he}} = ___ is gnomically (generally) true

== Sentence structure ==

| {{t|nha.}} (promise)

|}

=== Rising tone {{tone|2}} ===

Makes a noun phrase out of the first slot of a verb:  

{{t|cả}} => {{t|mú cả}} "the thing(s) that was caused"

=== Rising-creaky tone {{tone|3}} ===

Attaches a relative clause to a preceding noun.

*{{t|níaı mäı hóa jí cy}} = "the animal who loves me"

*{{t|níaı mäı jí hóa cy}} = "the animal who I love (it)"

=== Falling tone {{tone|4}} ===

Main verb.

Also marks any non-initial word in a serial. In serials (think "unit" of words), only the first word of the serial changes tone. The rest stays in {{tone|4}}. In the example below, only the word {{t|kúo}} changes to {{tone|2}}. The remaining {{t|kảto}} is in {{tone|4}}.

*{{t|Mải jí <u>kúo kảto</u> da.}} = "I love the black cat."

=== Peaking tone {{tone|5}} ===

Starts a [[content clause]], terminated by {{t|cy}}.

*{{t|Dủa jí <u>ôcha jí cy</u> da.}} = "I know that I am human."

*{{t|Keo shảo jí <u>nîaı jí cy</u> da.}} = "But I want to be an animal."

=== Mid-falling tone {{tone|6}} ===

A [[preposition]], which makes an [[adverbial]] with the following noun phrase.

* {{t|Kỏy jí súq <u>nèo míao</u>.}} = "I talk to you on the moon."

* {{t|Mảı jí súq <u>kùı pâı súq jí</u>.}} = "I love you because you are my friend."

=== Falling creaky tone {{tone|7}} ===

An [[adverb]]. It can go before or after the arguments to the main verb.

* {{t|dãı}} = "possibly"

* {{t|Chỉ hó hóq <u>dãı</u> da.}} = "They possibly believe it."

=== Neutral tone {{tone|8}} ===

Used for function words like illocutions. Pronounced as any tonal "break" with the contour of the last word.

== [[Determiner]]s ==

Combine with a verb to make a "determiner phrase".

Or you can omit the verb: {{t|sa}} = "something", {{t|sıa}} = "nothing"…

== Conjunctions ==

Logical conjunctions connect any parts of speech, with a "logic and/or/xor" meaning:

{{t|roı}} is special, and ''combines'' nouns it connects:

* {{t|Rẻı <u>súq roı jí</u> múao.}} = "You '''and''' I '''(together)''' surround the tree."

== Quotations and names ==

{{t|mı}} is placed before a name. If you are addressing someone, {{t|hu}} should be added before the name. ({{t|Hu mí Hỏemaı, lả hỉo ka}} = "Hello, Hoemaı". Remember to add some separation between the name and the following sentence with {{t|lả}} or something similar.)

== Asking questions ==

| colspan="6" |"Where are you?"

|}

{| style="text-align: left;"

|{{t|Tỉsha}}

| colspan="6" |"When did you arrive?"  

|}

{| style="text-align: left;"

|{{t|Pủ}}

| colspan="7" |"Who ate this?"  

|}

{| style="text-align: left;"

|{{t|Tảo}}

| colspan="7" |"Why did you do that?"

|}

== {{t|po}} ==

{{t|Nủi pó káto ga nỉoka.}} = "The cat's paws are tiny."