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__NOTOC__
__NOTOC__
<div style="display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap;">
{{GammaNote}}<div style="display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap;">
<div class="cheat-sheet-card">
<div class="cheat-sheet-card">
=== Pronouns ===
=== Pronouns ===
* {{t|jí}} = me
* {{t|jí}} = I
* {{t|súq}} = you
* {{t|súq}} = you
* {{t|nháo}} = him/her/them
* {{t|nháo}} = he/she/they
* {{t|múy}} = me+you
* {{t|múy}} = I+you
* {{t|míy}} = me+them
* {{t|míy}} = I+they
* {{t|máy}} = me+you+them
* {{t|máy}} = I+you+they
* {{t|há}} = one (impersonal)
* {{t|há}} = one/people <small>(as in "One does not simply walk into Mordor")</small>


These pronouns refer back to words of a certain [[animacy class]]:
These pronouns refer back to words of a certain [[animacy class]]:
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* {{t|haq}} = ___ is food
* {{t|haq}} = ___ is food
* {{t|rua}} = ___ is a flower
* {{t|rua}} = ___ is a flower
<hr />
==== Colors ====
* {{t|reo}} = ___ has color ___
* {{t|reocuaq}} = ___ is a color
<div>
<span class="embiggen" style="background-color: #fdd;            ">{{t|kıa  |___ is red  }}</span>
<span class="embiggen" style="background-color: #fed;            ">{{t|naraq|___ is orange}}</span>
<span class="embiggen" style="background-color: #ffd;            ">{{t|lue  |___ is yellow}}</span>
<span class="embiggen" style="background-color: #dfd;            ">{{t|rıq  |___ is green }}</span>
<span class="embiggen" style="background-color: #dfe;            ">{{t|kuao |___ is cyan  }}</span>
<span class="embiggen" style="background-color: #ddf;            ">{{t|mıo  |___ is blue  }}</span>
<span class="embiggen" style="background-color: #edf;            ">{{t|loa  |___ is purple}}</span>
<span class="embiggen" style="background-color: #fff;            ">{{t|bao  |___ is white }}</span>
<span class="embiggen" style="background-color: #999;            ">{{t|ruı  |___ is gray  }}</span>
<span class="embiggen" style="background-color: #333; color: #ddd;">{{t|kuo  |___ is black }}</span>
<span class="embiggen" style="background-color: #654; color: #ddd;">{{t|tıaq |___ is brown }}</span>
</div>
<small>All of the above verbs mean "___ has color X", not "___ is the color X".</small>
</div><div class="cheat-sheet-card">
</div><div class="cheat-sheet-card">
=== Everyday vocab ===
=== Everyday vocab ===
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* {{t|paı}} = ___ is a friend of ___
* {{t|paı}} = ___ is a friend of ___
* {{t|cho}} = ___ likes ___
* {{t|cho}} = ___ likes ___
* {{t|hıo}} = ___ greets ___
* {{t|hıo}} = ___ greets/bids farewell to ___
<small>
:* {{t|ceohıo}} = ___ says hi to ___
:* {{t|shaıhıo}} = ___ says bye to ___
 
</small>
* {{t|chuq}} = ___ eats ___
* {{t|chuq}} = ___ eats ___
* {{t|pıe}} = ___ drinks ___
* {{t|pıe}} = ___ drinks ___
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* {{t|huı}} = ___ is bad
* {{t|huı}} = ___ is bad
* {{t|de}} = ___ is beautiful
* {{t|de}} = ___ is beautiful
* {{t|kıa}} = ___ is red
* {{t|mıo}} = ___ is blue
* {{t|bao}} = ___ is white
* {{t|kuo}} = ___ is black
* {{t|tı}} = ___ is at ___
* {{t|tı}} = ___ is at ___
* {{t|nıe}} = ___ is inside ___
* {{t|nıe}} = ___ is inside ___
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* {{t|toa}} = ___ is a word
* {{t|toa}} = ___ is a word
* {{t|muı}} = ___ is a meaning of ___
* {{t|muı}} = ___ is a meaning of ___
** {{t|muıbo}} / {{t|semıo}} = ___ means ___
<small>
:* {{t|muıbo}} / {{t|semıo}} = ___ means ___
 
</small>
* {{t|toaq}} = ___ is Toaqic
* {{t|toaq}} = ___ is Toaqic
* {{t|dua}} = ___ knows ___
* {{t|dua}} = ___ knows ___
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* {{t|mıu}} = ___ opines ___
* {{t|mıu}} = ___ opines ___
* {{t|gaı}} = ___ senses ___
* {{t|gaı}} = ___ senses ___
<small>
:* {{t|kaqgaı}} = ___ sees ___
:* {{t|huogaı}} = ___ hears ___
:* {{t|shıqgaı}} = ___ smells ___
:* {{t|noqgaı}} = ___ tastes ___
:* {{t|puaqgaı}} = ___ touches ___
</small>
* {{t|sı}} = ___ pays attention to ___
<small>
:* {{t|kaqsı}} = ___ looks at ___
:* {{t|huosı}} = ___ listens to ___, etc.
</small>
</div><div class="cheat-sheet-card">
=== Abstract vocab 2 ===
* {{t|kuaı}} = ___ longs to do ___
* {{t|kuaı}} = ___ longs to do ___
* {{t|leo}} = ___ tries to do ___
* {{t|leo}} = ___ tries to do ___
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* {{t|shao}} = ___ wants ___ to happen
* {{t|shao}} = ___ wants ___ to happen
* {{t|choq}} = ___ uses ___ to do ___
* {{t|choq}} = ___ uses ___ to do ___
</div><div class="cheat-sheet-card">
=== Abstract vocab 2 ===
* {{t|ca}} = ___ causes ___
* {{t|ca}} = ___ causes ___
* {{t|kuı}} = ___ is because ___
* {{t|kuı}} = ___ is because ___
* {{t|bu}} = ___ is false
* {{t|bu}} = ___ is false (i.e. "not")
* {{t|le}} = ___ is likely
* {{t|le}} = ___ is likely
* {{t|daı}} = ___ is possible
* {{t|daı}} = ___ is possible
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Inside the phrase, {{t|hóa}} refers to the noun attached to. {{t|cy}} ends the clause.
Inside the phrase, {{t|hóa}} refers to the noun attached to. {{t|cy}} ends the clause.


*{{t|póq düa hóa cy}} = "the people who know"
*{{t|póq düa <u>hóa</u> cy}} = "the people <u>who</u> know"
*{{t|níaı mäı hóa jí cy}} = "the animal who loves me"
*{{t|níaı mäı <u>hóa</u> jí cy}} = "the animal <u>who</u> loves me"
*{{t|níaı mäı jí hóa cy}} = "the animal who I love (it)"
*{{t|níaı mäı jí <u>hóa</u> cy}} = "the animal <u>whom</u> I love"
 
{{t|cy}} is not necessary if the word that immediately follows can terminate the content clause. For example, {{t|cy}} is not needed before {{t|da}} because {{t|da}} already ends the sentence.
</div>
</div>


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*{{t|Dủa jí <u>ôcha jí cy</u> da.}} = "I know that I am human."
*{{t|Dủa jí <u>ôcha jí cy</u> da.}} = "I know that I am human."
*{{t|Keo shảo jí <u>nîaı jí cy</u> da.}} = "But I want to be an animal."
*{{t|Keo shảo jí <u>nîaı jí cy</u> da.}} = "But I want to be an animal."
{{t|cy}} is not always needed for the same reason as the rising-creaky tone {{tone|3}}.
</div>
</div>


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<div class="cheat-sheet-card">
<div class="cheat-sheet-card">
=== Neutral tone {{tone|8}} ===
=== Neutral tone {{tone|8}} ===
Used for function words like illocutions. Pronounced as any tonal "break" with the contour of the last word.
Used for function words like illocutions or determiners. Pronounced as any tonal "break" with the contour of the last word.
</div>
</div>


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{{t|roı}} is special, and ''combines'' nouns it connects:
{{t|roı}} is special, and ''combines'' nouns it connects:
* {{t|Rẻı <u>súq roı jí</u> múao.}} = "You '''and''' I '''(together)''' surround the tree."
* {{t|Rẻı <u>súq roı jí</u> múao.}} = "You '''and''' I '''(together)''' surround the tree."
{{t|rı}} is used in questions:
* {{t|Kảqgaı súq <u>káto rı kúne</u> moq?}} = "Do you see a cat '''or''' a dog?"
</div>
</div>


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If you are addressing someone, {{t|hu}} should be added before the name.
If you are addressing someone, {{t|hu}} should be added before the name.


{{t|Hu mí Hỏemaı, lả hỉo ka}} = "Hello, Hoemaı".
* {{t|Hu mí Hỏemaı, lả hỉo ka}} = "Hello, Hoemaı".


Remember to add some separation between the name and the following sentence with {{t|lả}} or something similar.
Remember to add some separation between the name and the following sentence with {{t|lả}} or something similar.
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{{t|moq}} is the illocution for asking questions.
{{t|moq}} is the illocution for asking questions.


{{t|mả}} can be used to ask a yes/no question. ({{t|Mả mỉ Hỏemaı súq moq?}} = "Are you Hoemaı?")
{{t|mả}} can be used to ask a yes/no question.  
 
* {{t|Mỉ Hỏemaı súq da.}} = "You are Hoemaı."
* {{t|Mả mỉ Hỏemaı súq moq?}} = "Are you Hoemaı?"
 
{{t|hı}} 'what, which', {{t|tıopuı}} 'how many' may be used to ask non-yes/no questions. Note that {{t|hı}} is a determiner.


{{t|hı}} 'what, which', {{t|co}} 'how many' may be used to ask non-yes/no questions. For example:
{| style="text-align: left;"
{| style="text-align: left;"
|{{t|Tỉ}}
|{{t|Tỉ}}
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|-
|-
| colspan="7" |"Why did you do that?"
| colspan="7" |"Why did you do that?"
|}
<hr>
{| style="text-align: left;"
|{{t|Tỉopuı}}
|{{t|póq}}
|{{t|moq}}
|{{t|?}}
|-
|how many
|person
|INT
|?
|-
| colspan="4" |"How many people are there?"
|}
<hr>
{| style="text-align: left;"
|{{t|Fả}}
|{{t|tíopuı}}
|{{t|póq}}
|{{t|moq}}
|{{t|?}}
|-
|go
|how many
|person
|INT
|?
|-
| colspan="4" |"How many people went?"
|}
|}
</div>
</div>
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