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Tone: Difference between revisions
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(This is in contrast to '''lexical tone''', like in Chinese: there, when you change the tone of a syllable, it becomes a different word (lexeme) entirely. For example 西 xı̄ “west” → 媳 xí “daughter-in-law”.) | (This is in contrast to '''lexical tone''', like in Chinese: there, when you change the tone of a syllable, it becomes a different word (lexeme) entirely. For example 西 xı̄ “west” → 媳 xí “daughter-in-law”.) | ||
== Verb tones == | == Tones == | ||
[WIP] | |||
==Toaq Gamma== | |||
Tones worked ''quite'' differently back in Toaq Gamma. | |||
=== Verb tones === | |||
Every verb can be "conjugated" into one of six tones, each of which expresses some grammatical function: | Every verb can be "conjugated" into one of six tones, each of which expresses some grammatical function: | ||
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Sometimes people will say “the fifth tone” or “t5” instead of “the rising-falling tone”. | Sometimes people will say “the fifth tone” or “t5” instead of “the rising-falling tone”. | ||
=== Possible new tone scheme === | ==== Possible new tone scheme ==== | ||
''Main Article: [[Main verb tone]]'' | ''Main Article: [[Main verb tone]]'' | ||
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# {{tone|3old}} — allotone of {{tone|6}} | # {{tone|3old}} — allotone of {{tone|6}} | ||
== Neutral tone == | === Neutral tone === | ||
Particles, on the other hand, are in the '''neutral tone''' {{tone|8}} (aka the 8th tone), which is not really a tone. The only rule is that you don't continue the contour of the previous tone. So, when saying a particle after the falling tone {{tone|4}}, you should go up in pitch to break the falling contour. This way, the listener can tell the difference between {{t|lẻ moq}} and {{t|lẻmoq}}. | Particles, on the other hand, are in the '''neutral tone''' {{tone|8}} (aka the 8th tone), which is not really a tone. The only rule is that you don't continue the contour of the previous tone. So, when saying a particle after the falling tone {{tone|4}}, you should go up in pitch to break the falling contour. This way, the listener can tell the difference between {{t|lẻ moq}} and {{t|lẻmoq}}. | ||
== Lexical tone == | === History === | ||
There used to be a '''flat tone''' {{tone|1}}, which marked the continuation of a multisyllable word. But now, the tone contour is spread out over the whole word. This was tone #1, but now it is gone. So we start counting from #2, because it would be more confusing to re-number them. | |||
The rising-creaky tone {{tone|3}} used to be dipping {{tone|3old}}, and {{tone|7}} was just “creaky”.== Lexical tone == | |||
Toaq actually does have a little bit of lexical tone. For example, {{t|moq}} (question marker) and {{t|môq}} (rhetorical question marker) are different lexemes. | Toaq actually does have a little bit of lexical tone. For example, {{t|moq}} (question marker) and {{t|môq}} (rhetorical question marker) are different lexemes. | ||
More subtly, {{t|lâ}} is not {{Tone|5}} + {{t|lả}}. Rather, each of {{Tone|5}} and {{t|lả}} is a complementizer in its own right. So really {{t|lâ}} is also its own complementizer, of which {{Tone|5}} is an allomorph. | More subtly, {{t|lâ}} is not {{Tone|5}} + {{t|lả}}. Rather, each of {{Tone|5}} and {{t|lả}} is a complementizer in its own right. So really {{t|lâ}} is also its own complementizer, of which {{Tone|5}} is an allomorph. | ||
== External links == | == External links == | ||
* [https://toaq.net/refgram/02/ Refgram: symbols and sounds] | * [https://toaq.net/refgram/02/ Refgram: symbols and sounds] | ||
* [https://toaq.net/refgram/03/ Refgram: phonology] | * [https://toaq.net/refgram/03/ Refgram: phonology] | ||