User:Loekıa/Numbers
Officially, Toaq Delta has nothing to say about how numbers work. So, here's my unofficial proposal for a number system!
Background
In previous versions of Toaq, numbers took the form of verbs of cardinality (e.g. heı was "to be ten in number"). But this system was far from perfect: it made it awkward to talk about numbers in the abstract, and gave us no natural way to extend the system to more "exotic" numbers like the negative integers, non-integers, or even zero for that matter.
Now, there have been plenty of number system proposals in the past (particularly in the days of Toaq Beta), but now that we have prefixes to play with and special grammar for pronouns, I think Delta has given us the chance to do even better.
The basics
In their most basic form, numbers are pronouns.
| Toaq | English |
|---|---|
| kóam | zero |
| shí | one |
| gú | two |
| sáq | three |
| jó | four |
| fé | five |
| cí | six |
| díaı | seven |
| róaı | eight |
| néı | nine |
Neu fé gú róı sáq.
Five is the sum of two and three.
By combining a number with a prefix, you can turn it into another part of speech. For example, to get a verb of cardinality, we use the prefix ne-.
Eju… Nẹcı áma.
Let's see… There are six of us. (We are six in number.)
For brevity, when a verb of cardinality appears in the falling tone, we're actually allowed to omit the prefix altogether: Cı áma. As linguists, we say that ne- has a null allomorph.
Another important prefix is ko-. It forms ordinals, much like the English suffix '-th'.
Kọsaq máq ké buajıo tı hû tıeq.
It's the third house on the street (third out of the houses on the street).
Bọdana níjuı kộshı túq doaq po ní gua.
This city was the first in this country to fall.
Finally, the prefix nho- turns a number into a determiner:
Hẹkıaı nháo nhọ́gu gochıq.
She has two cats.
This prefix also comes with a null allomorph which can be used as long as the determiner has a complement. So, normally we'd see this written as simply gú gochıq.
Counting higher
To form larger numbers (up to 9999), digits are accompanied by a scale: heı for tens, fue for hundreds, and bıq for thousands. For example, 1234 would be spoken as shíbıqgufuesaqheıjo. Note that we never write out kóam as a digit, and shıheı may be abbreviated to heı. This means that we can write the year that Toaq Beta was released as kọ́gubıqheıdıaı.
To form even larger numbers, put the appropriate SI prefix ( mega, gıga, tera…) after each group of three digits.
Quantities
to-do: decimals, negatives, units, oh my