Serial verb: Difference between revisions

Serial verb (view source)

Revision as of 01:27, 28 January 2023

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remove examples of gamma serialization types

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-A '''serial verb''' is created when two or more [[verb]]s are linked together. They are a very powerful construct in Toaq grammar: any verb with a “satisfies property…” or “is the case” slot can essentially act as an auxiliary verb to another.
+A '''serial verb''' (or '''serial''') (Toaq: {{t|jeotoachue}}) is created when two or more [[verb]]s are placed together. This process is called '''serialization'''.
+'''NOTE''': this article has only partially been updated for Toaq Delta, some parts are outdated
+== Examples ==
+Serial verbs are a powerful construct in Toaq grammar:
+* Any verb with a “property” or “event” slot can essentially act as an auxiliary verb.
+* With other verbs, the result is like “[[adjective]]-noun”, or “verb-object”.
+Here is a list of examples to demonstrate the sort of thing serial verbs let you express in Toaq.
 {| class="wikitable"
 |+ Serial verb examples
-! {{t|juoq  guaı}}
-| should  work
-|-
 ! {{t|deq  koı}}
-| can  walk
+| can walk
 |-
 ! {{t|sheo  fıeq}}
-| regret  inventing
+| regret inventing
 |-
 ! {{t|leo  kuaq}}
-| try.to  express
+| try expressing
 |-
-! {{t|bu  suaojıe}}
+! {{t|guaı kaı}}
-| not  care.about
+| work on writing
+|-
+! {{t|tua cuaı}}
+| make wet
+|-
+! {{t|jaq  chuı}}
+| very early
+|-
+! {{t|joe suaq}}
+| be skilled at singing
 |-
 ! {{t|taq  loı}}
-| self-  hate
+| self- hate
 |}
-When joining two verbs together into one, their definitions are merged according to the [[serialization algorithm]].
+== Merging definitions ==
+When joining two verbs together into a serial, their definitions are merged according to the [[serialization algorithm]].
+Verbs that are treated the same in this algorithm are said to belong to the same “[[frame#Serial frames|serial frame]]”.
+All of the behaviors in the table above arise from a handful of rules:
 {| class="wikitable"
-|+ Property slot “merge-away”
+|+ Property slot: “merge-away”
 |-
 ! leo
@@ Line 43: / Line 62: @@
 {| class="wikitable"
-|+ Event slot “merge-into”
+|+ Event slot: “merge-into”
 |-
 ! le
@@ Line 59: / Line 78: @@
 | colspan=4 align=center style=color:green | ___ is probably underneath ___
 |}
+<!--
+{| class="wikitable"
+|+ Transitive verb: “merge-with-[[baq]]”
+|-
+! cho
+| ___ likes
+| style=color:red | ___
+|-
+! rua
+|
+| style=color:red | ___
+| is a flower
+|-
+! cho rua
+| colspan=4 align=center style=color:green | ___ likes flowers
+|}
+{| class="wikitable"
+|+ Adjective: “describe”
+|-
+! sao
+| style=color:red | ___
+| is big
+|-
+! paq
+| ___
+| is a part of ___
+|-
+! sao paq
+| colspan=4 align=center style=color:green | ___ is a big part of ___
+|}
+-->
+== Long serials ==
 For more than two verbs, this merging process is right-grouping:
 {{Example|sheo (leo kuaq)|regret (trying to express)}}
-{{Example|le (haı (luı (shaı guaı)))|possibly (already (have (stopped working)))}}
+{{Example|le (haı (luı (ceo guaı)))|probably (already (have (started working)))}}
+== Usage ==
-The result can be used as a verb by saying each word in {{tone|4}}:
+The result can be used as a verb by saying each word in {{Done|1}}:
-{{Example|Dẻq kỏı súq moq?|Can you walk?}}
+{{Example|Ma <u>deq koı</u> súq?|Are you <u>able to walk</u>?}}
-{{Example|Bủ sủaojıe jí ní da.|I don't care about that.}}
+{{Example|<u>Bu suaojıe</u> jí ní da.|I <u>don't care about</u> that.}}
+{{Example|<u>Sheo leo ruo huaq caq</u> jí nháo da.|I <u>regret trying to act more strong than</u> them.}}
-Only the first word is conjugated for tone, and everything else stays in {{tone|4}}.
+Only the first word is conjugated for tone, and everything else stays in {{Done|1}}.
-{{Example|táq lỏı|self- hater}}
+{{Example|táq loı|the self-hater}}
-{{Example|täq lỏı|… who self- hates}}
+{{Example|bû jaq de|not very beautifully}}