Glossary: Difference between revisions

Latest revision as of 17:08, 17 February 2023

This page gives an overview of Toaq-specific jargon, or logic jargon as it relates to Toaq.

Auto-hóa

A family of proposals for automatically inserting hóa into a relative clause. See the dedicated page.

Contentive

Words that are not particles. This includes at least all verbs. It used to be the case that there were only verbs and particles, but in Toaq Delta, new parts-of-speech (like tenses) probably straddle the line between particle and contentive.

Donkey

See Donkey sentence.

Exhibitor slots / genitival serialization

In old versions of Toaq, transitive verbs with concrete objects could be on the left in a serial verb.

For example, cho nıaı had the meaning of cho bâq nıaı. (That is to say: this feature has been superseded by object incorporation.)

The object slot of cho was then called an "exhibitor slot", and this kind of serialization was called "genitival serialization".

Frame

A family of words, all having the same signature. Each frame is named after a familiar word in the frame.

See Hoaqgio’s list of predicate frames for a list of all major frames as of 2021. The new list is much slimmer; viz. Frame#Table of serial frames.

Great Root Expansion (GRE)

A 2019 phonology update.

JJ

Jîe jí, "in my opinion".

New Segmentation (Newseg)

A 2020 proposal for a change to the tone system. This was superseded by the segmentation system as laid out in the Gamma reference grammar.

Opaque

See Opaque.

`t2`, `t3`, `t4`…

The second, third, fourth… tone.

Universe of discourse (UoD)

The set of things under discussion at a given time. Quantifiers range over this domain, so that tú poq doesn't necessarily mean "all of the people in the world". See Wikipedia.

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 This page gives an overview of Toaq-specific jargon, or logic jargon as it relates to Toaq.
-=== Auto-hoa ===
+=== Auto-{{t|hóa}} ===
+A family of proposals for automatically inserting {{t|hóa}} into a relative clause. See [[Auto-hóa|the dedicated page]].
-A family of proposals for automatically inserting '''hoa''' into a relative clause. None has been settled on (as of 2021), but you can compare the candidate proposals [https://toaqlanguage.wordpress.com/2020/05/31/the-auto-hoa-suite/ here].
 === Contentive ===
+Words that are not particles. This includes at least all [[verb]]s. It used to be the case that there were only verbs and particles, but in Toaq Delta, new parts-of-speech (like tenses) probably straddle the line between particle and contentive.
-Any Toaq word that isn't a special grammar particle.
+=== Donkey ===
+See [[Donkey sentence]].
-=== Exhibitor slots ===
-A proposed kind of predicate slot with special serial behavior. Written <code>e</code> in signatures.
-Semantically, this slot is filled with a concrete (<code>c</code>) value, but it participates in serial merges sort of like a <code>1</code>.
+=== Exhibitor slots / genitival serialization ===
+In old versions of Toaq, transitive verbs with concrete objects could be on the ''left'' in a serial verb.
-For example: if '''muoq''' (___ is made of ___) is taken to be <code>c e</code>, then '''muoq peq''' is “___ is made of paper”.
+For example, {{t|cho nıaı}} had the meaning of {{t|cho bâq nıaı}}. (That is to say: this feature has been superseded by [[object incorporation]].)
-This would shrink wordy constructs like '''sa mủoq sü hóa baq pẻq''' down to just '''sa mủoq pẻq''', and thus partially solve the “Toaq doesn’t have a word like Lojban <code>be</code>” problem.
+The object slot of {{t|cho}} was then called an "exhibitor slot", and this kind of serialization was called "genitival serialization".
-=== Frame ===
+=== [[Frame]] ===
 A family of words, all having the same signature. Each frame is named after a familiar word in the frame.
-See [https://github.com/acotis/serial-predicate-engine/blob/master/code/dict/frame-list.txt '''mı Hỏaqgīo'''’s list of predicate frames] for a list of all major frames. (2021 note; this is supposed to get trimmed down a lot in the future.)
+See [https://github.com/acotis/serial-predicate-engine/blob/master/code/dict/frame-list.txt [[User:Hoaqgio|Hoaqgio]]’s list of predicate frames] for a list of all major frames as of 2021. The new list is much slimmer; viz. [[Frame#Table of serial frames]].
 === Great Root Expansion (GRE) ===
+[https://toaqlanguage.wordpress.com/2019/10/10/the-great-root-expansion-phonology-update/ A 2019 phonology update.]
-A 2019 phonology proposal ([https://toaqlanguage.wordpress.com/2019/10/10/the-great-root-expansion-phonology-update/ link]).
+=== JJ ===
+{{t|Jîe jí}}, "in my opinion".
 === New Segmentation (Newseg) ===
+A 2020 [http://toaq.org/Tones.pdf proposal] for a change to the tone system. This was superseded by the segmentation system as laid out in the Gamma reference grammar.
-A 2020 proposal for a change to the tone system. http://toaq.org/Tones.pdf
 === Opaque ===
-# Of a grammar constructs like '''po X''': meaning quantifiers on the inside don't leak out of it into the main prenex.
+See [[Opaque]].
-# Of compound words like '''nıefā''': meaning that you can't technically figure out the meaning just by applying rules to the parts; you have to look it up in a dictionary to be sure. But of course there are a lot of useful patterns. The decomposition into '''nıe''' and '''fa''' can be considered an etymology or a mnemonic, but there's no "transparent" process that determines its meaning.
-=== Small Grammar Update (SGU) ===
+=== <code>t2</code>, <code>t3</code>, <code>t4</code>… ===
+The second, third, fourth… [[tone]].
-An often-quoted 2020 Discord message announcing a grammar update. https://discord.com/channels/311223912044167168/311223912044167168/726562475012522096
-<blockquote>A small update on the grammar: I have decided to simplify adverbials. Together with my recent conclusion that Toaq does (or should) have a TP, this solves all the previously unsolvable problems.
-What this means is that there will simply be two types of adverbs, depending on where they attach. For now, the low-attaching adverbials are those formed with :t6: and :t7: , while the high-attaching ones need a non-tonal head (ıq, for instance). Low adverbs have lower scope than quantifiers and they don’t scope over each other. High adverbs work like the old adverbs. The placement of all adverbials is also simplified so that low adverbs (x) must appear either right after the verb or after the arguments (V x SO x), while high adverbs (y) are sentence-final but can be moved to be prenex (y bı V S O y).
-I also looked into the possibility of merging :t6: and :t7: so that one of them could be used for high adverbs instead, but this isn’t possible without introducing a terminator, as far as I can tell (let me know if you can think of another solution).
-In any case, this would put the overall progress at 90+%, so I’m going with that instead of the frustrating-to-formalize (and hard-to-use) status quo.
-</blockquote>
-It has since been announced that there will be [https://toaqlanguage.wordpress.com/2021/08/08/miscellanea1/ no actual word like “ıq”], and maybe no high adverbs at all (instead you just serialize them into the main verb, or ''make'' them the main verb).
 === Universe of discourse (UoD) ===
+The set of things under discussion at a given time. Quantifiers range over this domain, so that {{t|tú poq}} doesn't necessarily mean "all of the people in the world". See [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domain_of_discourse Wikipedia].
-The set of things under discussion at a given time. Quantifiers range over this domain, so that '''tu poq''' doesn't necessarily mean "all of the people in the world". See [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domain_of_discourse Wikipedia].