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There have been a few published versions of Toaq: | There have been a few published versions of Toaq: | ||
* '''Toaq (Dzu) | * '''Toaq (Dzu) Alpha''', released in August 2013, documented [https://web.archive.org/web/20150427014613/http://selpahi.de/ToaqAlphaPrimer.html here]. | ||
* '''Toaq | * '''Toaq Beta''', released in September 2017 on “toaq.org”, documented [https://web.archive.org/web/20170924135345/http://toaq.org/ here]. | ||
* '''Toaq gamma''', the current version, released | * '''Toaq Gamma''', released in September 2021 on toaq.net, documented in the [https://toaq.net/gamma Gamma refgram]. | ||
* '''Toaq Delta''', the current version, released 6 December 2022 on [https://toaq.net toaq.net], documented in the [https://toaq.net Delta refgram]. | |||
Beyond the grammar writeup, little is preserved of the alpha version. Toaq | Beyond the grammar writeup, little is preserved of the alpha version. Toaq Beta was a complete reboot. | ||
Between the | Between the Beta and Gamma versions, there were [[Changes since Public Beta|gradual official changes]] in the language as spoken on [[Discord]] and elsewhere. | ||
== Comparison of versions == | == Comparison of versions == | ||
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! scope="col" style="width:250px;background-color:#eaccd0" | Alpha (2013) | ! scope="col" style="width:250px;background-color:#eaccd0" | Alpha (2013) | ||
! scope="col" style="width:250px;background-color:#efe7d0" | Beta (2017) | ! scope="col" style="width:250px;background-color:#efe7d0" | Beta (2017) | ||
! scope="col" style="width:250px;background-color:# | ! scope="col" style="width:250px;background-color:#caf0dc" | Gamma (2021) | ||
! scope="col" style="width:250px;background-color:#cadcf0" |Delta (2022) | |||
|- | |- | ||
! Consonants | !Consonants | ||
| /m n ŋ p t k b d ɡ f s ʃ h <span style="color:#C00000; font-weight: bold;">v z ʒ</span> r l <span style="color:#C00000; font-weight: bold;">w j</span>/ (20) | |/m n ŋ p t k b d ɡ f s ʃ h <span style="color:#C00000; font-weight: bold;">v z ʒ</span> r l <span style="color:#C00000; font-weight: bold;">w j</span>/ (20) | ||
| /m n ŋ <span style="font-weight: bold;">pʰ</span> b <span style="font-weight: bold;">tʰ</span> d <span style="font-weight: bold;">kʰ</span> g <span style="color:#008040; font-weight: bold;">t͡sʰ t͡ɕʰ d͡ʑ</span> f s <span style="font-weight: bold;">ɕ</span> h <span style="font-weight: bold;">ɾ</span> l/ (18) | |/m n ŋ <span style="font-weight: bold;">pʰ</span> b <span style="font-weight: bold;">tʰ</span> d <span style="font-weight: bold;">kʰ</span> g <span style="color:#008040; font-weight: bold;">t͡sʰ t͡ɕʰ d͡ʑ</span> f s <span style="font-weight: bold;">ɕ</span> h <span style="font-weight: bold;">ɾ</span> l/ (18) | ||
| Beta + /<span style="color:#008040; font-weight: bold;">ɲ d͡z ʔ</span>/ (21) | |Beta + /<span style="color:#008040; font-weight: bold;">ɲ d͡z ʔ</span>/ (21) | ||
|Gamma + /<span style="color:#008040; font-weight: bold;">w~j</span>/ (22) | |||
|- | |- | ||
! Vowels | !Vowels | ||
| /a e i o u/ | |/a e i o u/ | ||
| /a e i o u/ | |/a e i o u/ | ||
| | |/a e i o u <span style="color:#008040; font-weight: bold;">ə</span>/ | ||
|/a e i o u/ | |||
|- | |- | ||
! Phonotactics | !Phonotactics | ||
| There were glides (/gja/ "meet"),<br>long vowels (/daː/ "woman"),<br>consonant clusters (/sna/ "house"). | |There were glides (/gja/ "meet"),<br>long vowels (/daː/ "woman"),<br>consonant clusters (/sna/ "house"). | ||
| At most CVVG. | |At most CVVG. | ||
| Good old CVVG remains. Well, there's a glottal stop onset now, which is kinda like (C)V(V)(G). | |Good old CVVG remains. Well, there's a glottal stop onset now, which is kinda like (C)V(V)(G). | ||
|(C)V(Q) or (C)F | |||
C - onset consonant | |||
V - vowel | |||
F - falling diphthong | |||
Q - {/ŋ/, /m/} | |||
|- | |- | ||
! Tones | !Tones | ||
| 8 + neutral: {{t|āáăảâàãạa}}<ref>There was seemingly no {{tone|5}} equivalent. There were three {{tone|6}} equivalents: one for arguments (peaking â) and one for clauses (low à), and a variant of the low tone that always has top scope (dipping ă).</ref> | |8 + neutral: {{t|āáăảâàãạa}}<ref>There was seemingly no {{tone|5}} equivalent. There were three {{tone|6}} equivalents: one for arguments (peaking â) and one for clauses (low à), and a variant of the low tone that always has top scope (dipping ă).</ref> | ||
| 7 + neutral: {{tone|1}}{{tone|2}}{{tone|3old}}{{tone|4}}{{tone|5}}{{tone|6}}{{tone|7}}{{tone|8}} | |7 + neutral: {{tone|1}}{{tone|2}}{{tone|3old}}{{tone|4}}{{tone|5}}{{tone|6}}{{tone|7}}{{tone|8}} | ||
| 6 + neutral: {{tone|2}}{{tone|3}}{{tone|4}}{{tone|5}}{{tone|6}}{{tone|7}}{{tone|8}}<br>Tone is per-word, not per-syllable. | |6 + neutral: {{tone|2}}{{tone|3}}{{tone|4}}{{tone|5}}{{tone|6}}{{tone|7}}{{tone|8}}<br>Tone is per-word, not per-syllable. | ||
<!--|- | <!--|- | ||
! Argument phrases | ! Argument phrases | ||
| Line 41: | Line 50: | ||
| Optional quantifier + predicate in {{tone|2}} | | Optional quantifier + predicate in {{tone|2}} | ||
| {{tone|2}} predicate (bound)<br> or quantifier + predicate in {{tone|4}} (binding)--> | | {{tone|2}} predicate (bound)<br> or quantifier + predicate in {{tone|4}} (binding)--> | ||
|4: {{Done|1}}{{Done|2}}{{Done|3}}{{Done|4}} | |||
|- | |- | ||
! “You are very beautiful” | !“You are very beautiful” | ||
| {{t|Tōu dāe téq na.}} | |{{t|Tōu dāe téq na.}} | ||
| {{t|Jảq dẻ súq da.}} | |{{t|Jảq dẻ súq da.}} | ||
| {{t|Jảq dẻ súq da.}} | |{{t|Jảq dẻ súq da.}} | ||
|{{t|Jaq de súq da.}} | |||
|- | |- | ||
! “The John who met you is my friend” | !“The John who met you is my friend” | ||
| {{t|Pāı mí Djāq gyủ ca téq na góu na.}}<ref>I have assumed that {{t|ca}} is ancient {{t|hóa}}. (It was probably pronounced /ʃa/.)</ref> | |{{t|Pāı mí Djāq gyủ ca téq na góu na.}}<ref>I have assumed that {{t|ca}} is ancient {{t|hóa}}. (It was probably pronounced /ʃa/.)</ref> | ||
| {{t|Pảı mí Jảq <u>gěq</u> hóa súq <u>na</u> jí da.}} | |{{t|Pảı mí Jảq <u>gěq</u> hóa súq <u>na</u> jí da.}} | ||
| {{t|Pảı mí Jảq <u>gëq</u> hóa súq <u>cy</u> jí da.}} | |{{t|Pảı mí Jảq <u>gëq</u> hóa súq <u>cy</u> jí da.}} | ||
|{{t|<u>Paı</u> mí Jaq <u>ꝡë</u> <u>geq</u> hóa súq jí da.}} | |||
|} | |||
<references /> | |||
Latest revision as of 00:29, 17 January 2023
There have been a few published versions of Toaq:
- Toaq (Dzu) Alpha, released in August 2013, documented here.
- Toaq Beta, released in September 2017 on “toaq.org”, documented here.
- Toaq Gamma, released in September 2021 on toaq.net, documented in the Gamma refgram.
- Toaq Delta, the current version, released 6 December 2022 on toaq.net, documented in the Delta refgram.
Beyond the grammar writeup, little is preserved of the alpha version. Toaq Beta was a complete reboot.
Between the Beta and Gamma versions, there were gradual official changes in the language as spoken on Discord and elsewhere.
Comparison of versions
| Alpha (2013) | Beta (2017) | Gamma (2021) | Delta (2022) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Consonants | /m n ŋ p t k b d ɡ f s ʃ h v z ʒ r l w j/ (20) | /m n ŋ pʰ b tʰ d kʰ g t͡sʰ t͡ɕʰ d͡ʑ f s ɕ h ɾ l/ (18) | Beta + /ɲ d͡z ʔ/ (21) | Gamma + /w~j/ (22) |
| Vowels | /a e i o u/ | /a e i o u/ | /a e i o u ə/ | /a e i o u/ |
| Phonotactics | There were glides (/gja/ "meet"), long vowels (/daː/ "woman"), consonant clusters (/sna/ "house"). |
At most CVVG. | Good old CVVG remains. Well, there's a glottal stop onset now, which is kinda like (C)V(V)(G). | (C)V(Q) or (C)F
C - onset consonant V - vowel F - falling diphthong Q - {/ŋ/, /m/} |
| Tones | 8 + neutral: āáăảâàãạa[1] | 7 + neutral:        
|
6 + neutral:  Tone is per-word, not per-syllable. |
4:    
|
| “You are very beautiful” | Tōu dāe téq na. | Jảq dẻ súq da. | Jảq dẻ súq da. | Jaq de súq da. |
| “The John who met you is my friend” | Pāı mí Djāq gyủ ca téq na góu na.[2] | Pảı mí Jảq gěq hóa súq na jí da. | Pảı mí Jảq gëq hóa súq cy jí da. | Paı mí Jaq ꝡë geq hóa súq jí da. |