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Revision as of 19:07, 15 January 2026

There have been a few published versions of Toaq:

Toaq (Dzu) Alpha, released in August 2013, documented here.
Toaq Beta, released in September 2017 on “toaq.org”, documented here.
Toaq Gamma, released in September 2021 on toaq.net, documented in the Gamma refgram.
Toaq Delta, the current version, released 6 December 2022 on toaq.net, documented in the Delta refgram.

Beyond the grammar writeup, little is preserved of the alpha version. Toaq Beta was a complete reboot.

Between the Beta and Gamma versions, there were gradual official changes in the language as spoken on Discord and elsewhere.

Comparison of versions

	Alpha (2013)	Beta (2017)	Gamma (2021)	Delta (2022)
Consonants	/m n ŋ p t k b d ɡ f s ʃ h v z ʒ r l w j/ (20)	/m n ŋ pʰ b tʰ d kʰ g t͡sʰ t͡ɕʰ d͡ʑ f s ɕ h ɾ l/ (18)	Beta + /ɲ d͡z ʔ/ (21)	Gamma + /w~j/ (22)
Vowels	/a e i o u/	/a e i o u/	/a e i o u ə/	/a e i o u/
Phonotactics	There were glides (/gja/ "meet"), long vowels (/daː/ "woman"), consonant clusters (/sna/ "house").	At most CVVG.	Good old CVVG remains. Well, there's a glottal stop onset now, which is kinda like (C)V(V)(G).	(C)V(Q) or (C)F C - onset consonant V - vowel F - falling diphthong Q - {/ŋ/, /m/}
Tones	8 + neutral: āáăảâàãạa^[1]	7 + neutral:	6 + neutral: Tone is per-word, not per-syllable.	4:
“You are very beautiful”	Tōu dāe téq na.	Jảq dẻ súq da.	Jảq dẻ súq da.	Jaq de súq da.
“The John who met you is my friend”	Pāı mí Djāq gyủ ca téq na góu na.^[2]	Pảı mí Jảq gěq hóa súq na jí da.	Pảı mí Jảq gëq hóa súq cy jí da.	Paı mí Jaq ꝡë geq hóa súq jí da.

↑ There was seemingly no equivalent. There were three equivalents: one for arguments (peaking â) and one for clauses (low à), and a variant of the low tone that always has top scope (dipping ă).
↑ I have assumed that ca is ancient hóa. (It was probably pronounced /ʃa/.)

Toaq Alpha

#	ASCII	Meaning	In Modern Delta Terms
1	a-	predicate
2	a/	argument	(sá X?)
3	a°	non-term sentence relative clause	but with the highest scope. It can evade stuff like sentence-wide negation.
4	a?	arg. relative clause	ꝡë
5	a^	arg. preposition	transitive
6	a\	sentence preposition	ꝡä
7	a~	adverb	intransitive
8	a.	compound
9	a	particle

Toaq Gamma

Comparison of Toaq Gamma and Delta rimes
a	aQ	aı	ao													ay
e	eQ	eı		ea	eaQ	eo	eoQ			eaı	eao	eoı	eu		euQ	ey
ı	ıQ			ıa	ıaQ	ıo	ıoQ	ıe	ıeQ	ıaı	ıao	ıoı	ıu	ıeı	ıuQ	ıy
o	oQ	oı	ou	oa	oaQ			oe	oeQ	oaı	oao			oeı		oy
u	uQ			ua	uaQ	uo	uoQ	ue	ueQ	uaı	uao	uoı	uı	ueı	uıQ	uy
y

[1] There was seemingly no equivalent. There were three equivalents: one for arguments (peaking â) and one for clauses (low à), and a variant of the low tone that always has top scope (dipping ă).

[2] I have assumed that ca is ancient hóa. (It was probably pronounced /ʃa/.)

[1]

[2]

@@ Line 128: / Line 128: @@
 |particle
 |
+|}
+==Toaq Gamma==
+{| class="wikitable"
+|-
+! colspan="17" style="text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Comparison of Toaq Gamma and Delta rimes
+|-
+| style="vertical-align:middle;" | a
+| style="vertical-align:middle;" | aQ
+| style="vertical-align:middle;" | aı
+| style="vertical-align:middle;" | ao
+|
+|
+|
+|
+|
+|
+|
+|
+|
+|
+|
+|
+| style="vertical-align:middle; background-color:#B4C7DC;" | ay
+|-
+| style="vertical-align:middle;" | e
+| style="vertical-align:middle;" | eQ
+| style="vertical-align:middle;" | eı
+|
+| style="vertical-align:middle;" | ea
+| style="vertical-align:middle;" | eaQ
+| style="vertical-align:middle;" | eo
+| style="vertical-align:middle;" | eoQ
+|
+|
+| style="vertical-align:middle;" | eaı
+| style="vertical-align:middle; background-color:#B4C7DC;" | eao
+| style="vertical-align:middle; background-color:#B4C7DC;" | eoı
+| style="vertical-align:middle; background-color:#B4C7DC;" | eu
+|
+| style="vertical-align:middle; background-color:#B4C7DC;" | euQ
+| style="vertical-align:middle; background-color:#B4C7DC;" | ey
+|-
+| style="vertical-align:middle;" | ı
+| style="vertical-align:middle;" | ıQ
+|
+|
+| style="vertical-align:middle;" | ıa
+| style="vertical-align:middle;" | ıaQ
+| style="vertical-align:middle;" | ıo
+| style="vertical-align:middle;" | ıoQ
+| style="vertical-align:middle;" | ıe
+| style="vertical-align:middle;" | ıeQ
+| style="vertical-align:middle;" | ıaı
+| style="vertical-align:middle;" | ıao
+| style="vertical-align:middle; background-color:#B4C7DC;" | ıoı
+| style="vertical-align:middle;" | ıu
+| style="vertical-align:middle; background-color:#B4C7DC;" | ıeı
+| style="vertical-align:middle; background-color:#B4C7DC;" | ıuQ
+| style="vertical-align:middle; background-color:#B4C7DC;" | ıy
+|-
+| style="vertical-align:middle;" | o
+| style="vertical-align:middle;" | oQ
+| style="vertical-align:middle;" | oı
+| style="vertical-align:middle; background-color:#FFFF6D;" | ou
+| style="vertical-align:middle;" | oa
+| style="vertical-align:middle;" | oaQ
+|
+|
+| style="vertical-align:middle;" | oe
+| style="vertical-align:middle;" | oeQ
+| style="vertical-align:middle;" | oaı
+| style="vertical-align:middle; background-color:#B4C7DC;" | oao
+|
+|
+| style="vertical-align:middle; background-color:#B4C7DC;" | oeı
+|
+| style="vertical-align:middle; background-color:#B4C7DC;" | oy
+|-
+| style="vertical-align:middle;" | u
+| style="vertical-align:middle;" | uQ
+|
+|
+| style="vertical-align:middle;" | ua
+| style="vertical-align:middle;" | uaQ
+| style="vertical-align:middle;" | uo
+| style="vertical-align:middle;" | uoQ
+| style="vertical-align:middle;" | ue
+| style="vertical-align:middle;" | ueQ
+| style="vertical-align:middle;" | uaı
+| style="vertical-align:middle;" | uao
+| style="vertical-align:middle;" | uoı
+| style="vertical-align:middle;" | uı
+| style="vertical-align:middle; background-color:#B4C7DC;" | ueı
+| style="vertical-align:middle; background-color:#B4C7DC;" | uıQ
+| style="vertical-align:middle; background-color:#B4C7DC;" | uy
+|-
+| style="vertical-align:middle; background-color:#FFFF6D;" | y
+|
+|
+|
+|
+|
+|
+|
+|
+|
+|
+|
+|
+|
+|
+|
+|
 |}