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|{{t|Jảq dẻ súq da.}} | |{{t|Jảq dẻ súq da.}} | ||
|{{t|Jảq dẻ súq da.}} | |{{t|Jảq dẻ súq da.}} | ||
|. | |{{t|Bụqde súq (da).}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
!“The John who met you is my friend” | !“The John who met you is my friend” | ||
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|{{t|Pảı mí Jảq <u>gěq</u> hóa súq <u>na</u> jí da.}} | |{{t|Pảı mí Jảq <u>gěq</u> hóa súq <u>na</u> jí da.}} | ||
|{{t|Pảı mí Jảq <u>gëq</u> hóa súq <u>cy</u> jí da.}} | |{{t|Pảı mí Jảq <u>gëq</u> hóa súq <u>cy</u> jí da.}} | ||
|. | |{{t|<u>Paı</u> mí Jaq <u>ꝡë</u> <u>geq</u> hóa súq jí (da).}} | ||
|} | |} | ||
<references /> | <references /> | ||
Revision as of 16:09, 7 December 2022
There have been a few published versions of Toaq:
- Toaq (Dzu) alpha, released in August 2013, documented here.
- Toaq beta, released in September 2017 on “toaq.org”, documented here.
- Toaq gamma, released in September 2021 on toaq.net, documented in the refgram.
- Toaq delta, the current version, released 6 December 2022 on selpahi.de, documented here.
Beyond the grammar writeup, little is preserved of the alpha version. Toaq beta was a complete reboot.
Between the beta and gamma versions, there were gradual official changes in the language as spoken on Discord and elsewhere.
Comparison of versions
| Alpha (2013) | Beta (2017) | Gamma (2021) | Delta (2022) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Consonants | /m n ŋ p t k b d ɡ f s ʃ h v z ʒ r l w j/ (20) | /m n ŋ pʰ b tʰ d kʰ g t͡sʰ t͡ɕʰ d͡ʑ f s ɕ h ɾ l/ (18) | Beta + /ɲ d͡z ʔ/ (21) | Gamma + /w ~ j/ (22) |
| Vowels | /a e i o u/ | /a e i o u/ | Beta + /ə/ | Gamma - /ə/ |
| Phonotactics | There were glides (/gja/ "meet"), long vowels (/daː/ "woman"), consonant clusters (/sna/ "house"). |
At most CVVG. | Good old CVVG remains. Well, there's a glottal stop onset now, which is kinda like (C)V(V)(G). | (C)V(Q) or (C)F
C - onset consonant V - vowel F - falling diphthong Q - {/ŋ/, /m/} |
| Tones | 8 + neutral: āáăảâàãạa[1] | 7 + neutral:        
|
6 + neutral:  Tone is per-word, not per-syllable. |
4: (falling, rising, low glottal, rising-falling)
|
| “You are very beautiful” | Tōu dāe téq na. | Jảq dẻ súq da. | Jảq dẻ súq da. | Bụqde súq (da). |
| “The John who met you is my friend” | Pāı mí Djāq gyủ ca téq na góu na.[2] | Pảı mí Jảq gěq hóa súq na jí da. | Pảı mí Jảq gëq hóa súq cy jí da. | Paı mí Jaq ꝡë geq hóa súq jí (da). |