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|/m n ŋ <span style="font-weight: bold;">pʰ</span> b <span style="font-weight: bold;">tʰ</span> d <span style="font-weight: bold;">kʰ</span> g <span style="color:#008040; font-weight: bold;">t͡sʰ t͡ɕʰ d͡ʑ</span> f s <span style="font-weight: bold;">ɕ</span> h <span style="font-weight: bold;">ɾ</span> l/ (18) | |/m n ŋ <span style="font-weight: bold;">pʰ</span> b <span style="font-weight: bold;">tʰ</span> d <span style="font-weight: bold;">kʰ</span> g <span style="color:#008040; font-weight: bold;">t͡sʰ t͡ɕʰ d͡ʑ</span> f s <span style="font-weight: bold;">ɕ</span> h <span style="font-weight: bold;">ɾ</span> l/ (18) | ||
|Beta + /<span style="color:#008040; font-weight: bold;">ɲ d͡z ʔ</span>/ (21) | |Beta + /<span style="color:#008040; font-weight: bold;">ɲ d͡z ʔ</span>/ (21) | ||
|Gamma + /<span style="color:#008040; font-weight: bold;">w ~ j</span>/ (22) | |Gamma + /<span style="color:#008040; font-weight: bold;">w~j</span>/ (22) | ||
|- | |- | ||
!Vowels | !Vowels | ||
|/a e i o u/ | |/a e i o u/ | ||
| /a e i o u/ | |/a e i o u/ | ||
| | |/a e i o u <span style="color:#008040; font-weight: bold;">ə</span>/ | ||
| | |/a e i o u/ | ||
|- | |- | ||
!Phonotactics | !Phonotactics | ||
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| Optional quantifier + predicate in {{tone|2}} | | Optional quantifier + predicate in {{tone|2}} | ||
| {{tone|2}} predicate (bound)<br> or quantifier + predicate in {{tone|4}} (binding)--> | | {{tone|2}} predicate (bound)<br> or quantifier + predicate in {{tone|4}} (binding)--> | ||
|4: {{ | |4: {{Done|1}}{{Done|2}}{{Done|3}}{{Done|4}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
!“You are very beautiful” | !“You are very beautiful” | ||
Latest revision as of 00:29, 17 January 2023
There have been a few published versions of Toaq:
- Toaq (Dzu) Alpha, released in August 2013, documented here.
- Toaq Beta, released in September 2017 on “toaq.org”, documented here.
- Toaq Gamma, released in September 2021 on toaq.net, documented in the Gamma refgram.
- Toaq Delta, the current version, released 6 December 2022 on toaq.net, documented in the Delta refgram.
Beyond the grammar writeup, little is preserved of the alpha version. Toaq Beta was a complete reboot.
Between the Beta and Gamma versions, there were gradual official changes in the language as spoken on Discord and elsewhere.
Comparison of versions
| Alpha (2013) | Beta (2017) | Gamma (2021) | Delta (2022) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Consonants | /m n ŋ p t k b d ɡ f s ʃ h v z ʒ r l w j/ (20) | /m n ŋ pʰ b tʰ d kʰ g t͡sʰ t͡ɕʰ d͡ʑ f s ɕ h ɾ l/ (18) | Beta + /ɲ d͡z ʔ/ (21) | Gamma + /w~j/ (22) |
| Vowels | /a e i o u/ | /a e i o u/ | /a e i o u ə/ | /a e i o u/ |
| Phonotactics | There were glides (/gja/ "meet"), long vowels (/daː/ "woman"), consonant clusters (/sna/ "house"). |
At most CVVG. | Good old CVVG remains. Well, there's a glottal stop onset now, which is kinda like (C)V(V)(G). | (C)V(Q) or (C)F
C - onset consonant V - vowel F - falling diphthong Q - {/ŋ/, /m/} |
| Tones | 8 + neutral: āáăảâàãạa[1] | 7 + neutral:        
|
6 + neutral:  Tone is per-word, not per-syllable. |
4:    
|
| “You are very beautiful” | Tōu dāe téq na. | Jảq dẻ súq da. | Jảq dẻ súq da. | Jaq de súq da. |
| “The John who met you is my friend” | Pāı mí Djāq gyủ ca téq na góu na.[2] | Pảı mí Jảq gěq hóa súq na jí da. | Pảı mí Jảq gëq hóa súq cy jí da. | Paı mí Jaq ꝡë geq hóa súq jí da. |